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Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 16 November 2007 PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA, ttd.
DR. H.SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 16 November 2007 MENTERI HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA REPUBLIK INDONESIA, ttd.
ANDI MATTALATTA LEMBARAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 2007 NOMOR 139 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AGAINST DOPING IN SPORT Paris, 19 October 2005 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AGAINST DOPING IN SPORT The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, hereinafter referred to as "UNESCO", meeting in Paris, from 3 to 21 October 2005, at its 33rd session, Considering that the aim of UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science and culture, Referring to existing international instruments relating to human rights, Aware of resolution 58/5 adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 3 November 2003, concerning sport as a means to promote education, health, development and peace, notably its paragraph 7, Conscious that sport should play an important role in the protection of health, in moral, cultural and physical education and in promoting international understanding and peace,
Noting the need to encourage and coordinate international cooperation towards the elimination of doping in sport, Concerned by the use of doping by athletes in sport and the consequences thereof for their health, the principle of fair play, the elimination of heating and the future of sport, Mindful that doping puts at risk the ethical principles and educational values embodied in the International Charter of Physical Education and Sport of UNESCO and in the Olympic Charter, Recalling that the Anti-Doping Convention and its Additional Protocol adopted within the framework of the Council of Europe are the public international law tools which are at the origin of national anti-doping policies and of intergovernmental cooperation, Recalling the recommendations on doping adopted by the second, third and fourth International Conferences of Ministers and Senior Officials Rcsponsible for Physical Education and Sport organized by UNESCO at Moscow (1988), Punta del Este (1999) and Athens
(2004) and 32 C/Resolution 9 adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO at its : 32nd session (2003), Bearing in mind the World Anti-Doping Code adopted by the World Anti-Doping Agency at the World Conference on Doping in Sport, Copenhagen, 5 March 2003, and the Copenhagen Declaration on Anti-Doping in Sport, Mindful also of the influence that elite athletes have on youth, Aware of the ongoing need to conduct and promote research with the objectives of improving detection of doping and better understanding of the factors affecting use in order for prevention strategies to be most effective, Aware also of the importance of ongoing education of athletes, athlete support personnel and the community at large in preventing doping, Mindful of the need to build the capacity of States Parties to implement anti-doping programmes, Aware that public authorities and the organizations responsible for sport have complementary responsibilities to prevent and combat doping in sport, notably to ensure the proper conduct, on the basis of the principle of fair play, of sports events and to protect the health of those that take part in tllem, Recognizing that these authorities and organizations must work together for these purposes, ensuring the highest degree of independence and transparency at all appropriate levels, Determined to take further and stronger cooperative action aimed at the elimination of doping in sport,
Recognizing that the elimination of doping in sport is dependent in part upon progressive harmonization of anti-doping standards and practices in sport and cooperation at the national and global levels, Adopts this Convention on this nineteenth day of October 2005.
I. Scope Article 1 - Purpose of the Convention The purpose of this Convention, within the framework of the strategy and programme of activities of UNESCO in the area of physical education and sport, is to promote the prevention of and the fight against doping in sport, with a view to its elimination.
Article 2 - Definitions These definitions are to be understood within the context of the World Anti-Doping Code.
However, in case of conflict the provisions of the Convention will prevail.
For the purposes of this Convention:
1. "Accredited doping control laboratories" means laboratories accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
2. "Anti-doping organization" means an entity that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the doping control process. This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other major event organizations that conduct testing at their events, the World Anti-Doping Agency, international federations and national anti-doping organizations.
3. "Anti-doping rule violation" in sport means one or more of the following:
(a) the presence of a prohibited substance or its metabolites or markers in an athlete's bodily specimen;
(b) use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or a prohibited method;
(c) refusing, or failing without compelling justification, to submit to sample collection after notification as authorized in applicable anti-doping rules or otherwise evading sample collection;
(d) violation of applicable requirements regarding athlete availability for out-of-competition testing, including failure to provide required whereabouts information and missed tests which are declared based on reasonable rules;
(e) tampering, or attempting to tamper, with any part of doping control;
(f) possession of prohibited substances or methods;
(g) trafficking in any prohibited substance or prohibited
method;
(h) administration or attempted administration of a prohibited substance or prohibited method to any athlete, or assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any attempted violation.
4. "Athlete" means, for the purposes of doping control, any person who participates in sport at the international or national level as defined by each Ilational anti-doping organization and accepted by States Parties and any additional person who participates in a sport or event at a lower level accepted by States Parties. For the purposes of education and training programmes, "athlete" means any person who participates in sport under the authority of a sports organization.
5. "Athlete support personnel" means any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical or paramedical personnel working with or treating athletes participating in or preparing for sports competition.
6. "Code" means the World Anti-Doping Code adopted by the World Anti-Doping Agency on 5 March 2003 at Copenhagen which is attached as Appendix I to this Convention.
7. "Competition" means a single race, match, game or singular athletic contest.
8. "Doping control" means the process including test distribution planning, sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, results management, hearings and appeals.
9. "Doping in sport" means the occurrence of an anti-doping rule violation.
10. "Duly authorized doping control teams" means doping control teams operating under the authority of international or national anti-doping organizations.
11. "In-competition" testing means, for purposes of differentiating between in-competition and out-of-competition testing, unless provided otherwise in the rules of an international federation or other relevant anti-doping organization, a test where an athlete is selected for testing in connection with a specific competition.
12. "International Standard for Laboratories" means the standard which is attached as Appendix 2 to this Convention.
13. "International Standard for Testing" means the standard which is attached as Appendix 3 to this Convention.
14. "No advance notice" means a doping control which takes place with no advance warning to the athlete and where the athlete is continuously chaperoned from the moment of notification through sample provision.
15. "Olympic Movement" means all those who agree to be guided by the Olympic Charter and who recognize the authority of the International Olympic Committee, namely the international federations of sports on the programme of the Olympic Games, the National Olympic Committees, the Organizing Committees of the Olympic Games, athletes, judges and referees,
associations and clubs, as well as all the organizations and institutions recognized by the International Olympic Committee.
16. "Out-of-competition" doping control means any doping control which is not conducted in competition.
17. "Prohibited List" means the list which appears in Annex I to this Convention identifying the prohibited substances and prohibited methods.
18. "Prohibited method" means any method so described on the Prohibited List, which appears in Annex I to this Convention.
19. "Prohibited substance" means any substance so described on the Prohibited List, which appears in Annex I to this Convention.
20. "Sports organization" means any organization that serves as the ruling body for an event for one or several sports.
21. "Standards for Granting Therapeutic Use Exemptions" means those standards that appear in Annex II to this Convention.
22. "Testing" means the parts of the doping control process involving test distribution planning, sample collection, sample handling and sample transport to the laboratory.
23."Therapeutic use exemption" means an exemption granted in accordance with Standards for Granting Therapeutic Use Exemptions.
24. "Use" means the application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any prohibited substance or prohibited method.
25. "World Anti-Doping Agency" (WADA) means the foundation so named established under Swiss law on 10 November 1999.
Article 3 - Means to achieve the purpose of the Convention In order to achieve the purpose of the Convention, States Parties undertake to:
(a) adopt appropriate measures at the national and international levels which are consistent with the principles of the Code;
(b) encourage all forms of international cooperation aimed at protecting athletes and ethics in sport and at sharing the results of research;
(c) foster international cooperation between States Parties and leading organizations in the fight against doping in sport, in particular with the World Anti-Doping Agency.
Article 4 - Relationship of the Convention to the Code
1. In order to coordinate the implementation, at the national and international levels, of the fight against doping in sport, States Parties commit themselves to the principles of the Code as the basis for the measures provided for in Article 5 of this Convention. Nothing in this Convention prevents States Parties from adopting additional measures complementary to the Code.
2. The Code and the most current version of Appendices 2 and 3 are reproduced for information purposes and are not an integral part of this Convention. The Appendices as such do
not create any binding obligations under international law for States Parties.
3. The Annexes are an integral part of this Convention.
Article 5 - Measures to achieve the objectives of the Convention In abiding by the obligations contained in this Convention, each State Party undertakes to adopt appropriate measures. Such measures may include legislation, regulation, policies or administrative practices.
Article 6 - Relationship to other international instruments This Convention shall not alter the rights and obligations of States Parties which arise from other agreements previously concluded and consistent with the object and purpose of this Convention. This does not affect the enjoyment by other States Parties of their rights or the performance of their obligations under this Convention.
II. Anti-doping activities at the national level Article 7 - Domestic coordination States Parties shall ensure the application of the present Convention, notably through domestic coordination. To meet their obligations under this Convention, States Parties may rely on anti-doping organizations as well as sports authorities and organizations.
Article 8 - Restricting the availability and use in sport of prohibited substances and methods
1. States Parties shall, where appropriate, adopt measures to restrict the availability of prohibited substances and methods in order to restrict their use in sport by athletes, unless the use is based upon a therapeutic use exemption.
These include measures against trafficking to athletes and, to this end, measures to control production, movement, importation, distribution and sale.
2. States Parties shall adopt, or encourage, where appropriate, the relevant entities within their jurisdictions to adopt measures to prevent and to restrict the use and possession of prohibited substances and methods by athletes in sport, unless the use is based upon a therapeutic use exemption.
3. No measures taken pursuant to this Convention will impede the availability for legitimate purposes of substances and methods otherwise prohibited or controlled in sport.
Article 9 - Measures against athlete support personnel States Parties shall themselves take measures or encourage sports organizations and anti-doping organizations to adopt measures, including sanctions or penalties, aimed at athlete support personnel who commit an anti-doping rule violation or other
offence connected with doping in sport.
Article 10 - Nutritional supplements States Parties, where appropriate, shall encourage producers and distributors of nutritional supplements to establish best practices in the marketing and distribution of nutritional supplements, including information regarding their analytic composition and quality assurance.
Article 11 - Financial measures States Parties shall, where appropriate:
(a) provide funding within their respective budgets to support a national testing programme across all sports or assist sports organizations and anti-doping organizations in financing doping controls either by direct subsidies or grants, or by recognizing the costs of such controls when determining the overall subsidies or grants to be awarded to those organizations;
(b) take steps to withhold sport-related financial support to individual athletes or athlete support personnel who have been suspended following an anti-doping rule violation, during the period of their suspension;
(c) withhold some or all financial or other sport-related support from any sports organization or anti-doping organization not in compliance with the Code or applicable anti-doping rules adopted pursuant to the Code.
Article 12 - Measures to facilitate doping control States Parties shall, where appropriate:
(a) encourage and facilitate the implementation by sports organizations and anti-doping organizations within their jurisdiction of doping controls in a manner consistent with the Code, including no-advance notice, out-of-competition and in-competition testing;
(b) encourage and facilitate the negotiation by sports organizations and anti-doping organizations of agreements permitting their members to be tested by duly authorized doping control teams from other countries;
(c) undertake to assist the sports organizations and anti-doping organizations within their jurisdiction in gaining access to an accredited doping control laboratory for the purposes of doping control analysis.
III. International cooperation Article 13 - Cooperation between anti-doping organizations and sports organizations States Parties shall encourage cooperation between anti-doping organizations, public authorities and sports organizations within their jurisdiction and those within the jurisdiction of other
States Parties in order to achieve, at the international level, the purpose of this Convention.
Article 14 - Supporting the mission of the World Anti-Doping Agency States Parties undertake to support the important mission of the World Anti-Doping Agency in the international fight against doping.
Article 15 -Equal funding of the World Anti-Doping Agency States Parties support the principle of equal funding of the World Anti-Doping Agency's approved annual core budget by public authorities and the Olympic Movement.
Article 16 -International cooperation in doping control Recognizing that the fight against doping in sport can only be effective when athletes can be tested with no advance notice and samples can be transported in a timely manner to laboratories for analysis, States Parties shall, where appropriate and in accordance with domestic law and procedures:
(a) facilitate the task of the World Anti-Doping Agency and anti-doping organizations operating in compliance with the Code, subject to relevant host countries regulations, of conducting in- or out-of-competition doping controls on their athletes, whether on their territory or elsewhere;
(b) facilitate the timely movement of duly authorized doping control teams across borders when conducting doping control activities;
(c) cooperate to expedite the timely shipping or carrying across borders of samples in such a way as to maintain their security and integrity;
(d) assist in the international coordination of doping controls by various anti-doping organizations, and cooperate to this end with the World Anti-Doping Agency;
(e) promote cooperation between doping control laboratories within their jurisdiction and those within the jurisdiction of other States Parties. In particular, States Parties with accredited doping control laboratories should encourage laboratories within their jurisdiction to assist other States Parties in enabling them to acquire the experience, skills and techniques necessary to establish their own laboratories should they wish to do so;
(f) encourage and support reciprocal testing arrangement between designated with the Code;
(g) mutually recognize the doping control procedures and test results management, including the sport sanctions thereof, of any anti-doping organization that are consistent with the Code Article 17 - Voluntary Fund
I.
A "Fund for the Elimination of Doping in Sport", hereinafter referred to as "the Voluntary Fund", is hereby established.
The Voluntary Fund shall consist of funds-in-trust established in accordance with the Financial Regulations of UNESCO. All contributions by States Parties and other actors shall be voluntary.
2. The resources of the Voluntary Fund shall consist of:
(a) contributions made by States Parties;
(b) contributions, gifts or bequests which may be made by:
(i) other States;
(ii) organizations and programmes of the United Nations system, particularly the United Nations Development Programme, as well as other international organizations;
(iii)public or private bodies or individuals;
(c) any interest due on the resources of the Voluntary Fund;
(d) funds raised through collections, and receipts from events organized for the benefit of the Voluntary Fund;
(e) any other resources authorized by the Voluntary Fund's regulations, to be drawn up by the Conference of Parties.
3. Contributions into the Voluntary Fund by States Parties shall not be considered to be a replacement for States Parties commitment to pay their share of the World Anti-Doping Agency's annual budget.
Article 18 - Use and governance of the Voluntary Fund Resources in the Voluntary Fund shall be allocated by the Conference of Parties for the financing of activities approved by it, notably to assist States Parties in developing and implementing anti-doping programmes, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, taking into consideration the goals of the World Anti-Doping Agency, and may serve to cover functioning costs of this Convention. No political, economic or other conditions may be attached to contributions made to the Voluntary Fund.
IV. Education and training Article 19 - General education and training principles
1. States Parties shall undertake, within their means, to support, devise or implement education and training programmes on anti-doping. For the sporting community in general, these programmes should aim to provide updated and accurate information on:
(a) the harm of doping to the ethical values of sport;
(b) the health consequences of doping.
2. For athletes and athlete support personnel, in particular in their initial training, education and training programmes should, in addition to the above, aim to provide updated and accurate information on:
(a) doping control procedures;
(b) athletes rights and responsibilities in regard to anti-doping, including information about the Code and the anti-doping policies of the relevant sports and anti-doping organizations.
Such information shall include the consequences of committing an anti-doping rule violation;
(c) the list of prohibited substances and methods and therapeutic use exemptions;
(d) nutritional supplements.
Article 20 - Professional codes of conduct States Parties shall encourage relevant competent professional associations and institutions to develop and implement appropriate codes of conduct, good practice and ethics related to anti-doping in sport that are consistent with the Code.
Article 21 -Involvement of athletes and athlete support personnel States Parties shall promote and, within their means, support active participation by athletes and athlete support personnel in all facets of the anti-doping work of sports and other relevant organizations and encourage sports organizations within their jurisdiction to do likewise.
Article 22-Sports organizations and ongoing education and training on anti-doping States Parties shall encourage sports organizations and anti-doping organizations to implement ongoing education and training programmes for all athletes and athlete support personnel on the subjects identified in Article 19.
Article 23 -Cooperation in education and training States Parties shall cooperate mutually and with the relevant organizations to share, where appropriatc, information, expertise and experience on effective anti-doping programmes.
V. Research Article 24-Promotion of research in anti-doping States Parties undertake, within their means, to encourage and promote anti-doping research in cooperation with sports and other relevant organizations on:
(a) prevention, detection methods, behavioural and social aspects, and the health consequences of doping;
(b) ways and means of devising scientifically-based physiological and psychological training programmes respectful of the integrity of the person;
(c) the use of all emerging substances and methods resulting from scientific developments.
Article 25 -Nature of anti-doping research
When promoting anti-doping research, as set out in Article 24, States Parties shall ensure that such research will:
(a) comply with internationally recognized ethical practices;
(b) avoid the administration to athletes of prohibited substances and methods;
(c) be undertaken only with adequate precautions in place to prevent the results of anti-doping research being misused and applied for doping.
Article 26 - Sharing the results of anti-doping research Subject to compliance with applicable national and international law, States Parties shall, where appropriate, share the results of available anti-doping research with other States Parties and the World Anti-Doping Agency.
Article 27 - Sport science research States Parties shall encourage:
(a) members of the scientific and medical communities to carry out sport science research in accordance with the principles of the Code;
(b) sports organizations and athlete support personnel within their jurisdiction to implement sport science research that is consistent with the principles of the Code.
VI. Monitoring of the Convention Article 28 - Conference of Parties
1. A Conference of Parties is hereby established. The Conference of Parties shall be the sovereign body of this Convention.
2. The Conference of Parties shall meet in ordinary session in principle every two years. It may meet in extraordinary session if it so decides or at the request of at least one third of the States Parties.
3. Each State Party shall have one vote at the Conference of Parties.
4. The Conference of Parties shall adopt its own Rules of Procedure.
Article 29 - Advisory organization and observers to the Conference of Parties The World Anti-Doping Agency shall be invited as an advisory organization to the Conference of Parties. The International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, the Council of Europe and the Intergovernmental Committee for Physical Education and Sport (CIGEPS) shall be invited as observers. The Conference of Parties may decide to invite other relevant organizations as observers.
Article 30 - Functions of the Conference of Parties
1. Besides those set forth in other provisions of this Convention, the functions of the Conference of Parties shall be to:
(a) promote the purpose of this Convention;
(b) discuss the relationship with the World Anti-Doping Agency and study the mechanisms of funding of the Agency's annual core budget. States non-Parties may be invited to the discussion;
(c) adopt a plan for the use of the resources of the Voluntary Fund, in accordance with Article 18;
(d) examine the reports submitted by States Parties in ,accordance with Article 31;
(e) examine, on an ongoing basis, the monitoring of compliance with this Convention in response to the development of anti-doping systems, in accordance with Article 31. Any monitoring mechanism or measure that goes beyond Article 31 shall be funded through the Voluntary Fund established under Article 17;
(f) examille draft amendments to this Convention for adoption;
(g) examine for approval, in accordance with Article 34 of the Convention, modifications to the Prohibited List and to the Standards for Granting Therapeutic Use Exemptions adopted by the World Anti-Doping Agency;
(h) define and implement cooperation between States Parties and the World Anti-Doping Agency within the framework of this Convention;
(i) request a report from the World Anti-Doping Agency on the implementation of the Code to each of its sessions for examination.
2. The Conference of Parties, in fulfilling its functions, may cooperate with other intergovernmental bodies.
Article 31-National reports to the Conference of Parties States Parties shall forward every two years to the Conference of Parties through the Secretariat, in one of the official languages of UNESCO, all relevant infonnation concerning measures taken by them for the purpose of complying with the provisions of this Convention.
Article 32-Secretariat of the Conference of Parties
1. The secretariat of the Conference of Parties shall be provided by the Director-General of UNESCO.
2. At the request of the Conference of Parties, the Director-General of UNESCO shall use to the fullest extent possible the services of the World Anti-Doping Agency on terms agreed upon by the Conference of Parties.
3. Functioning costs related to the Convention will be funded from the regular budget of UNESCO within existing resources at an appropriate level, the Voluntary Fund established under Article 17 or an appropriate combination thereof as
determined every two years. The financing for the secretariat from the regular budget shall be done on a strictly minimal basis, it being understood that voluntary funding should also be provided to support the Convention.
4. The secretariat shall prepare the documentation of the Conference of Parties, as well as the draft agenda of its meetings, and shall ensure the implementation of its decisions.
Article 33 - Amendments
1. Each State Party may, by written communication addressed to the Director-General of UNESCO, propose amendments to this Convention.
The Director-General shall circulate such communication to all States Parties. If within six months from the date of the circulation of the communication, at least one half of the States Parties give their consent, the Director-General shall present such proposals to the following session of the Conference of Parties.
2. Amendments shall be adopted by the Conference of Parties with a two-thirds majority of States Parties present and voting.
3. Once adopted, amendments to this Convention shall be submitted for ratification, acceptance, approval or accession to States Parties.
4. With respect to the States Parties that have ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to them, amendments to this Convention shall enter into force three months after the deposit of the instruments referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article by two thirds of the States Parties. Thereafter, for each State Party that ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to an amendment, the said amendment shall enter into force three months after the date of deposit by that State Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
5. A State that becomes a Party to this Convention after the entry into force of amendments in conformity with paragraph 4 of this Article shall, failing an expression of different intention, be considered:
(a) a Party to this Convention as so amended;
(b) a Party to the unamended Convention in relation to any State Party not bound by the amendments.
Article 34 - Specific amendment procedure for the Annexes to the Convention
1. If the World Anti-Doping Agency modifies the Prohibited List or the Standards for Granting Therapeutic Use Exemptions, it may, by written communication addressed to the Director-General of UNESCO, inform her/him of those changes.
The Director-General shall notify such changes as proposed amendments to the relevant Annexes to this Convention to all States Parties expeditiously. Amendments to the Annexes shall be approved by the Conference of Parties either at one of its
sessions or through a written consultation.
2. States Parties have 45 days from the Director-General's notification within which to express their objection to the proposed amendment either in writing, in case of written consultation. to the Director-General or at a session of the Conference of Parties. Unless two thirds of the States Parties express their objection. the proposed amendment shall be deemed to be approved by the Conference of Parties.
3. Amendments approved by the Conference of Parties shall be notified to States Parties by the Director-General. They shall enter into force 45 days after that notification.
except for any State Party that has previously notified the Director-General that it does not accept these amendments.
4. A State Party having notified the Director-General that it does not accept an amendment approved according to the preceding paragraphs remains bound by the Annexes as not amended.
VII. Final clauses Article 35 - Federal or non-unitary constitutional systems The following provisions shall apply to States Parties that have a federal or non-unitary constitutional system:
(a) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation of which comes under the legal jurisdiction of the federal or central legislative power. the obligations of the federal or central government shall be the same as for those States Parties which are not federal States;
(b) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation of which comes under the jurisdiction of individual constituent States, counties, provinces or cantons which are not obliged by the constitutional system of the federation to take legislative measures, the federal government shall inform the competent authorities of such States, counties, provinces or cantons of the said provisions, with its recommendation for their adoption.
Article 36 Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by States - Members of UNESCO in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures. The instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Director-General of UNESCO.
Article 37 - Entry into force
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of one month after the date of deposit of the thirtieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
2. For any State that subsequently expresses its consent to be
bound by it, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of one month after the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
Article 38 - Territorial extension of the Convention
1. Any State may, when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, specify the territory or territories for whose international relations it is responsible and to which this Convention shall apply.
2. Any State Party may, at any later date, by a declaration addressed to UNESCO, extend the application of this Convention to any other territory specified in the declaration. In respect of such territory the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of one month after the date of receipt of such declaration by the depositary.
3. Any declaration made under the two preceding paragraphs may, in respect of any territory specified in such declaration, be withdrawn by a notification addressed to UNESCO. Such withdrawal shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of one month after the date of receipt of such a notification by the depositary.
Article 39 - Denunciation Any State Party may denounce this Convention. The denunciation shall be notified by an instrument in writing, deposited with the Director-General of UNESCO. The denunciation shall take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of six months after the receipt of the instrument of denunciation.
It shall in no way affect the financial obligations of the State Party concerned until the date on which the withdrawal takes effect.
Article 40 - Depositary The Director-General of UNESCO shall be the Depositary of this Convention and amendments thereto. As the Depositary, the Director-General of UNESCO shall inform the States Parties to this Convention, as well as tile other States Members of the Organization of:
(a) the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;
(b) the date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Article 37;
(c) any report prepared in pursuance of the provisions of Article 31;
(d) any amendment to the Convention or to the Annexes adopted in accordance with Articles 33 and 34 and the date on which the amendment comes into force;
(e) any declaration or notification made under the provisions of Article 38;
(f) any notification made under the provisions of Article 39 and the date on which the denunciation takes effect;
(g) any other act, notification or communication relating to this Convention.
Article 41 - Registration In conformity with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, this Convention shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations at the request of the Director-General of UNESCO.
Article 42 - Authoritative texts
1. This Convention, including its Annexes, has been drawn up in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish, the six texts being equally authoritative.
2. The Appendices to this Convention are provided in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
Article 43 - Reservations No reservations that are incompatible with the object and purpose of the present Convention shall be permitted.
Annex I - The Prohibilted List -International Standard Annex II- Standards for Granting Therapeutic Use Exemptions Appendix 1 - World Anti-Doping Code Appendix 2 - International Standard for Laboratories Appendix 3 - International Standard for Testing ANNEX I THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE THE 2005 PROHIBITED LIST INTERNATIONAL STANDARD The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail.
This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2005.
THE 2005 PROHIBITED LIST WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE Valid 1 January 2005 The use of any drug should be limited to medically justified indications SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES
(IN-AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES S1.
ANABOLIC AGENTS Anabolic agents are prohibited.
1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) (a) Exogenous* AAS. including:
18α-homo-I7ß-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one; bolasterone; boldenone;
boldione;
calusterone;
clostebol;
danazol;
dehydrochloromethyl-testosterone;
deltal-androstene-3,17 -dione; deltal-androstenediol; deltal-dihydro-testosterone;
drostanolone; ethylestrenol; fluoxymesterone; formebolone;
furazabol; gestrinone; 4-hydroxytestosterone; 4-hydroxy- 19 -nortestosterone;
mestanolone;
mesterolone;
metenolone;
methandienone;
methandriol;
methyldienolone;
methyltrienolone; methyltestosterone; mibolerone; nandrolone;
19-norandrostenediol;
19-norandrostenedione;
norbolethone;
norclostebol;
norethandrolone;
oxabolone;
oxandrolone;
oxymesterone;
oxymetholone;
quinbolone;
stanozolol;
stenbolone;
tetrahydrogestrinone;
trenbolone and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
(b) Endogenous** AAS:
androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3ß,17ß-diol); androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione);
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA);
dihydro-testosterone;
testosterone and the following metabolites and isomers:
5α-androstane-3 α,17α-diol;
5α-androstane-3α,17ß-diol;
5α-androstane-3ß,17α-diol;
5α-androstane-3ß,17ß-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17a-diol;
androstα-4-ene-3α,17ß-diol;
androst-4-ene-3ß,17α-diol;
androst-5-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-5-ene-3α,17ß-diol;
androst-5-ene-3ß,17α-diol;
4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3ß,17ß-diol);
5 androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17 -dione); epi-dihyd rotestosterone; 3α- hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one; 3ß-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one;
19-norandro-sterone;19-noretiocholanolone.
Where a Prohibited Substance (as listed above) is capable of being produced by the body naturally. a Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance where the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or any other relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete's Sample so deviates from the range of values normally found in humans that it is unlikely to be consistent with normal endogenous production. A Sample shall not be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance in any such case where the Athlete proves by evidence that the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or the relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete's Sample is attributable to a physiological or pathological condition. In all cases, and at any concentration, the laboratory will report an Adverse Analytical Finding if, based on any reliable analytical method, it can show
that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin.
If the laboratory result is not conclusive and no concentration as referred to in the above paragraph is found, the relevant Anti-Doping Organization shall conduct a further investigation if there are serious indications, such as a comparison to reference steroid profiles, for a possible Use of a Prohibited Substance.
If the laboratory has reported the presence of a T/E ratio greater than four (4) to one (1) in the urine, further investigation is obligatory in order to determine whether the ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition, except if the laboratory reports an Adverse Analytical Finding based on any reliable analytical method, showing that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin.
In case of an investigation, it will include a review of any previous and/or subsequent tests. If previous tests are not available, the Athlete shall be tested unannounced at least three times within a three month period. Should an Athlete fail to cooperate in the investigations, the Athlete's Sample shall be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance.
2. Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:
Clenbuterol, zeranol, zilpaterol.
For the purposes of this section:
* "exogenous" refers to a substance which is not capable of being produced by the body naturally.
** "endogenous" refers to a substance which is capable of being produced by the body naturally.
S2.
HORMONES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES The following substances, including other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s), and their releasing factors are prohibited:
1. Erythropoietin (EPO);
2. Growth Hormone (hGH), Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1), Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs);
3. Gonadotrophins (LH, hCG);
4. Insulin;
5. Corticotrophins.
Unless the Athlete can demonstrate that the concentration was due to a physiological or pathological condition, a Sample will be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance (as listed above) where the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites and/or relevant ratios or markers in the Athlete's sample so exceeds the range of values normally found in humal1s that it is unlikely to be consistent with normal endugenous production.
The presence of other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s), diagnostic marker(s) or releasing factors of a hormone listed above or of any other finding which indicate(s) that the substance detected is of exogellous origin, will be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding S3.
BETA-2 AGONISTS All beta-2 agonists including their D- and L-isomers are prohibited. Their use requires a Therapeutic Use Exemption.
As an cxception, formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline, when administered by inhalation to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise-induced asthma/broncho-constriction require an abbreviated Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Despite the granting of a Therapeutic Use Exemption, when the Laboratory has reported a concentration of salbutamol (free plus glucuronide) greater than 1000 ng/mL, this will be considered to be an Adverse Analytical Finding unless the athlete proves that the abnormal result was the consequence of the therapeutic use of inhaled salbutamol.
S4.
AGENTS WITH ANTI-ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY The following classes of anti-estrogenic substances are prohibited.
1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to, anastrozole, letrozole, aminogluthetimide, exemestane, formestane, testolactone.
2. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) including, but not limited to, raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene.
3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to, clomiphene, cyclofenil, fulvestrant.
S5.
DIURETICS AND OTHER MASKING AGENTS Diuretics and other masking agents are prohibited.
Masking agents include but are not limited to:
diuretics*, epitestosterone, probenecid, alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g. finasteride, dutasteride), plasma expanders (e.g.
albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch).
Diuretics include:
acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlortalidone, etacryuic acid, furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone, thiazides (e.g.
bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide), triamterene and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
*A Therapeutic Use Exemption is not valid if an Athlete's urine contains a diuretic in association with threshold or sub-threshold levels of a Prohibited Substance(s).
PROHIBITED METHODS
M1.ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN TRANSFER The following are prohibited.
(a) Blood doping, including the use of autologous, homologous or heterologous blood or red blood cell products of any origin, other than for medical treatment.
(b) Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, including but not limited to perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified haemoglobin products (e.g.
haemoglobin-based blood substitutes, micro-encapsulated hamemoglobin products).
M2.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION The following is prohibited:
Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity and validity of Samples collected in Doping Controls.
These include but are not limited to intravenous infusions*, catheterization, and urine substitution.
* Except as a legitimate acute medical treatment, intravenous infusions are prohibited.
M3.
GENE DOPING The non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements, or of the modulation of gene expression, having the capacity to enhance athletic perfonnance, is prohibited.
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION In addition to the categories S1 to S5 and M1 to M3 defined above, the following categories are prohibited in competition:
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES S6.
STIMULANTS The following stimulants are prohibited, including both their optical (D- and L-) isomers where relevant:
adrafinil, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, amphetaminil, benzpbetamine, bromantan, carphedon, cathine*, clobenzorex, cocaine, dimethylamphetamine, ephedrine**, etilanlphetamine, etilefrine, famprofazone, fencamfamin, fencamine, fenetylline, fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfenorex, mefenorex, mepbentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine, metbylamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphe- tamine, methylencdioxymetbamphetamine, methylephedrine**, methylphenidate, modafinil, nikethamide, norfenfluramine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, phendi-metrdzinc,
phenmetrazine, phentermine, prolintane, selegiline, strychnine and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s)***.
* Cathine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5 micrograms per milliliter.
** Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter.
*** The substances included in the 2005 Monitoring Programme (bupropion, caffeine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradrol, pseudoephedrine, synephrine) are not considered as Prohibited Substances.
NOTE:
Adrenaline associated with local anaesthetic agents or by local administration (e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic) is not prohibited.
S7.
NARCOTICS The following narcotics are prohibited:
buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorpbine (heroin), fentanyl and its derivatives, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.
S8.
CANNABINOIDS .
Cannabinoids (e.g. hashish, marijuana) are prohibited.
S9.
GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS All glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered orally, rectally, intravenously or intramuscularly. Their use requires a Therapeutic Use Exemption approval.
All other routes of administration require an abbreviated Therapeutic use Exemption.
Dermatological preparations are not prohibited.
SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTS P1) ALCOHOL Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited in-competition only, in the following sports. Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath and/or blood. The doping violation threshold for each Federation is reported in parenthesis.
* Aeronautic (FAI) (0.20 g/L) * Karate (WKF) (0.10 g/L) * Archery (FITA) (0.10 g/L) * Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) * Automobile (FIA) (0.10 g/L) (0,10 g/L) * Billiards (WCBS) (0.20 g/L) for disciplines involving shooting * Boules (CMSB) (0.10 g/L) * Motorcycling (FIM)(0.00 g/L)
* Skiing (FIS) (0.10 g/L) P2.
BETA-BLOCKERS Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited in-competition only, in the following sports.
* Aeronautic (FAI) * Archery (FITA) (also prohibited out-of-competition) * Automobile (FIA) * Billiards (WCBS) * Bobsleigh (FIBT) * Boules (CMSB) * Bridge (FMB) * Chess (FIDE) * Curling (WCF) * Gymnastics (FIG) * Motorcycling (FIM) * Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) for disciplines involving shooting * Nine-pin bowling (FIQ) * Sailing (ISAF) for match race helms only * Shooting (ISSF) (also prohibited out-of-competition) * Skiing (FIS) in ski jumping and free style snow board * Swimming (FINA) in diving and synchronized swimming *- Wrestling (FILA) Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:
acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol, carvedilol, celiprolul, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.
SPECIFIED SUBSTANCES.
"Specified Substances"* are listed below:
ephedrine, L-methylamphetamine, methylephedrine;
cannabinoids;
all inhaled Beta-2 Agonists, except clenbuterol;
probenecid;
all Glucocorticosteroids;
all Beta Blockers;
alcohol.
"The Prohibited List may identify specified substances which are particularly susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rule violations because of their general availability in medicinal products or which are less likely to be successfully abused as doping agents." A doping violation
involving such substances may result in a reduced sanction provided that the "... Athlete can establish that the Use of such a specified substance was not intended to enhance sport performance ..." ANNEX II STANDARDS FOR GRANTING THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMPTIONS Extract from "INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMTIONS" of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA);
in force 1 January 2005
4.0 Criteria for granting a therapeutic use exemption A Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) may be granted to an Athlete permitting the use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method contained in the Prohibited List. An application for a TUE will be reviewed by a Therapeutic Use Exemption Committee (TUEC). The TUEC will be appointed by an Anti-Doping Organization. An exemption will be granted only in strict accordance with the following criteria:
[Comment: This standard applies to all Athletes as defined by and subject to the Code .i.e. able-bodied athletes and athletes with disabilities. This Standard will be applied according to an individual's circumstances. For example, an exemption that is appropriate for an athlete with a disability may be inappropriate for other athletes.)
4.1 The Athlete should submit an application for a TUE no less than 21 days before participating in an Event.
4.2 The Athlete would experience a significant impairment to health if the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method were to be withheld in the course of treating an acute or chronic medical condition.
4.3 The therapeutic use of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method would produce no additional enhancement of performance other than that which might be anticipated by a return to a state of normal health following the treatment of a legitimate medical condition. The use of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method to increase "low-normal" levels of any endogenous hormone is not considered an acceptable therapeutic intervention.
4.4 There is no reasonable therapeutic alternative to the use of the otherwise Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
4.5 The necessity for the Use of the otherwise Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method cannot be a consequence, wholly or in part, of prior non-therapeutic use of any substance from the Prohibited List.
4.6 The TUE will be cancelled by the granting body, if (a) the Athlete does not promptly comply with any requirements or conditions imposed by the Anti-Doping Organization granting the exemption;
(b) the term for which the TUE was granted has expired;
(c) the Athlete is advised that the TUE has been withdrawn by the Anti-Doping Organization.
[Comment: Each TUE will have a specified duration as decided upon by the TUEC. There may be cases when a TUE has expired or has been withdrawn and the Prohibited Substance subject to the TUE is still present in the Athlete's body. In such cases, the Anti-Doping Organization conducting the initial review of an adverse finding will consider whether the finding is consistent with expiry or withdrawal of the TUE.)
4.7 An application for a TUE will not be considered tor retroactive approval except in cases where:
(a) emergency treatment or treatment of an acute medical condition was necessary; or (b) due to exceptional circumstances, there was insufficient time or opportunity for an applicant to submit, or TUEC to consider, an application prior to Doping Control.
[Comment:
Medical Emergencies or acute medical situations requiring administration of an otherwise Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method before an application for a TUE can be made, are uncommon.
Similarly, circumstances requiring expedited consideration of an application for a TUE due to imminent competition are infrequent. Anti-Doping Organizations granting TUE's should have internal procedures which permit such situations to be addressed.)
5.0. Confidentiality of information
5.1 The applicant must provide written consent for the transmission of all information pertaining to the application to members of the TUEC and, as required, other independent medical or scientific experts, or to all necessary staff involved in the management, review or appeal of TUEs.
Should the assistance of external, independent experts be required, all details of the application will be circulated without identifying the Athlete involved in the Athlete's care. The applicant must also provide written consent for the decisions of the TUEC to be distributed to other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations under the provisions of the Code.
5.2 The members of the TUECs and the administration of the Anti-Doping Organization involved will conduct all of their activities in strict confidence. All members of a and all staff involved will sign confidentiality agreements. In particular they will keep the following information confidential:
(a) all medical information and data provided by the Athlete and physician(s) involved in the Athlete's care;
(b) all details of the application including the name of the physician(s) involved in the process.
Should the Athlete wish to revoke the right of the TUEC or the WADA TUEC to obtain any health information on his/her
behalf, the Athlete must notify his/her medical practitioner in writing of the fact. As a consequence of such a decision, the Athlete will not receive approval for a TUE or renewal of an existing TUE.
6.0 Therapeutic use exemption committees (TUECs) TUECs shall be constituted and act in accordance with the following guidelines:
6.1 TUECs should include at least three physicians with experience in the care and treatment of Athletes and a sound knowledge of clinical, sports and exercise medicine. In order to ensure a level of independence of decisions, a majority of the members of the TUEC should not have any official responsibility in the Anti-Doping Organization. All members of a TUEC will sign a conflict of interest agreement.
In applications involving Athletes with disabilities, at least one TUEC member must possess specific experience with the care and treatment of Athletes with disabilities.
6.2 TUECs may seek whatever medical or scientific expertise they deem appropriate in reviewing the circumstances of any application for a TUE
6.3 The WADA TUEC shall be composed following the criteria set out in Article 6.1. The WADA TUEC is established to review on its own initiative TUE decisions granted by Anti-Doping Organizations. As specified in Article 4.4 of the Code, the WADA TUEC, upon request by Athletes who have been denied TUEs by an Anti-Doping Organization will review such decisions with the power to reverse them.
7.0 Therapeutic use exemption (TUE) application process
7.1 A TUE will only be considered following the receipt of a completed application form that must include all relevant documents (see Appendix 1 - TUE form). The application process must be dealt with in accordance with the principles of strict medical confidentiality .
7.2 The TUE application form(s), as set out in Appendix 1, can be modified by Anti-Doping Organizations to include additional requests for information, but no sections or items shall be removed.
7.3 The TUE application form(s) may be translated into other language(s) by Anti-Doping Organizations, but English or French must remain on the application form(s).
7.4 An Athlete may not apply to more than one Anti-Doping Organization for a TUE. The application must identify the Athlete's sport and, where appropriate, discipline and specific position or role.
7.5 The application must list any previous and/or current requests for permission to use an otherwise Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, the body to whom that request was made, and the decision of that body.
7.6 The application must include a comprehensive medical history and the results of all examinations, laboratory
investigations and imaging studies relevant to the application.
7.7 Any additional relevant investigations, examinations or imaging studies requested by the TUEC of the Anti-Doping Organization will be undertaken at the expense of the applicant or his/her national sport governing body.
7.8 The application must include a statement by an appropriately qualified physician attesting to the necessity of the otherwise Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method in the treatment of the Athlete and describing why an alternative, permitted medication cannot, or could not, be used in the treatment of this condition.
7.9 The dose, frequency, route and duration of administration of the otherwise Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method in question must be specified.
7.10 Decisions of the TUEC, should be completed within 30 days of receipt of all relevant documentation and will be conveyed in writing to the Athlete by the relevant Anti-Doping Organization. Where a TUE has been granted to an Athlete in the Anti-Doping Organization Registered Testing Pool, the Athlete and WADA will be provided promptly with an approval which includes information pertaining to the duration of the exemption and any conditions associated with the TUE.
7.11 (a) Upon receiving a request by an Athlete for review, as specified in Article 4.4 of the Code, the WADA TUEC will, as specified in Article 4.4 of the Code, be able to reverse a decision on a TUE granted by an Anti-Doping Organization. The Athlete shall provide to the WADA TUEC all the information for a TUE as submitted initially to the Anti-Doping Organization accompanied by an application fee. Until the review process has been completed, the original decision remains in effect. The process should not take longer than 30 days following receipt of the information by WADA.
(b) WADA can undertake a review at any time. The WADA TUEC will complete its review within 30 days.
7.12 If the decision regarding the granting of a TUE is reversed on review, the reversal shall not apply retroactively and shall not disqualify the Athlete's results during the period that the TUE had been granted and shall take effect no later than 14 days following notification of the decision to the Athlete.
8.0 Abbreviated therapeutic use exemption (ATUE) application process
8.11 t is acknowledged that some substances included on the List of Prohibited Substances are used to treat medical conditions frequently encountered in the Athlete population. In such cases, a full application as detailed in section 4 and section 7 is unnecessary.
Accordingly an abbreviated process of the TUE is established.
8.2 The Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods which may be permitted by this abbreviated process are strictly limited to
the following:
Beta-2 agonists (formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline) by inhalation, and glucocorticosteroids by non-systemic routes.
8.3 To use ore of the substances above, the Athlete shall provide to the Anti-Doping Organization a medical notification justifying the therapeutic necessity.
Such medical notification, as contained in Appendix 2, shall describe the diagnosis, name of the drug, dosage, route of administration and duration of the treatment. When applicable any tests undertaken in order to establish the diagnosis should be included (without the actual results or details).
8.4 The abbreviated process includes:
(a) approval for use of Prohibited Substances subject to the abbreviated process is effective upon receipt of a complete notification by the Anti-Doping Organization.
Incomplete notifications must be returned to the applicant;
(b) on receipt of a complete notification, the Anti-Doping Organization shall promptly advise the Athlete. As appropriate, the Athlete's IF, NF and NADO shall also be advised. The Anti-Doping Organization shall advise WADA only upon receipt of a notification from an International-level Athlete;
(c) a notification for an ATUE will not be considered for retroactive approval except:
- if emergency treatment or treatment of an acute medical condition was necessary; or - due to exceptional circumstances, there was insufficient time or opportunity for an applicant to submit, or a TUEC to receive, an application prior to Doping Control.
8.5 (a) A review by the TUEC or the WADA TUEC can be initiated at any time during the duration of an ATUE.
(b) If an Athlete requests a review of a subsequent denial of an ATUE, the WADA TUEC will have the ability to request from the Athlete additional medical information as deemed necessary, the expenses of which should be met by the Athlete.
8.6 An ATUE may be cancelled by the TUEC or WADA TUEC at any time. The Athlete, his/her IF and all relevant Anti-Doping Organizations shall be notified immediately.
8.7 The cancellation shall take effect immediately following notification of the decision to the Athlete. The Athlete will nevertheless be able to apply under section 7 for a TUE
9.0 Clearing house
9.1 Anti-Doping Organizations are required to provide WADA with all TUEs and all supporting documentation, issued under section 7.
9.2 With respect to ATUEs, Anti-Doping Organizations shall provide WADA with medical applications submitted by International-level Athletes issued under section 8.4
9.3 The Clearing house shall guarantee strict confidentiality of all the medical information.
a. the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;
b. the date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Article 37;
c. any report prepared in pursuance of the provisions of Article 3;
d. any amendment to the Convention or the Annexes adopted in accordance with Articles 33 and 34 and the date on which the amendment comes into force;
e. any declaration or notification made under the provisions of Article 38;
f. any notification made under the provisions of Article 39 and the date on which the denunciation takes effect
g. any other act, notification or communication relating to this Convention Article 41 In conformity with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, this Convention shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations at the request of the Director-General of UNESCO Article 42 - Authoritative texts
1. This Convention, including its Annexes, has been drawn up in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish, the six texts being equally authoritative
2. The Appendieces to this Convention are provided in Arabic, Chinnese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
Article 43 - Reservations No reservations that are incompatible with the object and purpose of the present Convention shall be permitted Annex I - The Prohibited List - International Standard Annex II - Standards for Granting Therapeutic Use Exemions Appendix 1 - World Anti-Doping Code Appendix 2 - International Standard for Laboratories Appendix 3 - International Standard for Testing INTRODUCTION PURPOSE, SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM AND THE CODE The purposes of the World Anti-Doping Program and the Code are:
* To protect the Athletes' fundamental right to
participate in doping-free sport and thus promote health, fairness and equality for Athletes worldwide and * To ensure harmonized, coordinated and effective anti-doping programs at the international and national level with regard to detection, deterrence and prevention of doping The World Anti-Doping Program The World Anti-Doping Program encompasses all of the elements needed in order to ensure optimal harmonization and best practice in international and national anti-doping programs. The main elements are:
Level l: The Code Level 2: International Standards Level 3: Models of Best Practice The Code The Code is the fundamental and universal document upon which the World Anti-Doping Program in sport is based. The purpose of the Code is to advance the anti-doping effort through universal harmonization of core anti-doping elements. It is intended to be specific enough to achieve complete harmonization on issues where uniformity is required, yet general enough in other areas to permit flexibility on how agreed upon anti-doping principles are implemented.
International Standards International Standards for different technical and operational areas within the anti-doping program will be developed in consultation with the Signatories and governments and approved by WADA. The purpose of the International Standards is harmonization among Anti-Doping Organizations responsible for specific technical and operational parts of the anti-doping programs. Adherence to the International Standards is mandatory for compliance with the Code. The International Standards may be revised from time to time by the WADA Executive Committee after reasonable consultation with the Signatories and governments. Unless provided otherwise in the Code, International Standards and all revisions shall become effective on the date specified in the International Standard or revision.
[Comment: International Standards will contain much of the technical detail necessary for implementing the Code. This would include, for example, the detailed requirements for Sample collection, laboratory analysis and laboratory accreditation currently found in the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code ("OMADC"). International Standards, while expressly incorporated into the Code by reference, will, in consultation with the Signatories and governments, be developed by experts and set forth in separate technical documents. It is important that the
technical experts be able to make timely changes to the International Standards without requiring any amendment of the Code or individual stakeholder rules and regulations.
All applicable International Standards will be in place by January 1, 2004] Models of Best Practice Models of Best Practice based on the Code will be developed to provide state of the art solutions in different areas of anti-doping. The Models will be recommended by WADA and made available to Signatories upon request but will not be mandatory.
In addition to providing models of anti-doping documentation, WADA will also make some training assistance available to the Signatories.
[Comment:
WADA will prepare model anti-doping rules and regulations tailored to the needs of each of the major groups of Signatories (e.g., International Federations for individual sports, International Federations for team sports, National Anti-Doping Organizations, etc.).
These model rules and regulations will conform with and be based on the Code, will be state of the art examples of best practices and will contain all of the detail (including reference to International Standards) necessary to conduct an effective anti-doping program.
These model rules and regulations will provide alternatives from which stakeholders may select. Some stakeholders may choose to adopt the model rules and regulations and other models of best practices verbatim. Others may decide to adopt the models with modifications. Still other stakeholders may choose to develop their own rules and regulations consistent with the general principles and specific requirements set forth in the Code.
Other model documents for specific parts of the anti-doping work may be developed based on generally recognized stakeholder needs and expectations.
This could include models for national anti-doping programs, results management, Testing (beyond the specific requirements set forth in the International Standard for Testing), education programs, etc. All Models of Best Practice will be reviewed and approved by WADA before they are included in the World Anti-Doping Program.] FUNDAMENTAL RATIONALE FOR THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE Anti-doping programs seek to preserve what is intrinsically valuable about sport. This intrinsic value is often referred to as "the spirit of sport"; it is the essence of Olympism; it is how we play true. The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and is characterized by the following values :
* Ethics, fair play and honesty * Health
* Excellence in performance * Character and education * Fun and joy * Teamwork * Dedication and commitment * Respect for rules and laws * Respect for self and other participants * Courage * Community and solidarity Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.
PART ONE DOPING CONTROL INTRODUCTION Part One of the Code sets forth specific anti-doping rules and principles that are to be followed by organizations responsible for adopting, implementing or enforcing anti-doping rules within their authority --e.g., the International Olympic Committee, International Paralympic Committee, International Federations, Major Event Organizations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.
All of these organizations are collectively referred to as Anti-Doping Organizations.
Part One of the Code does not replace, or eliminate the need for, comprehensive anti-doping rules adopted by each of these Anti-Doping Organizations. While some provisions of Part One of the Code must be incorporated essentially verbatim by each Anti-Doping Organization in its own anti-doping rules, other provisions of Part One establish mandatory guiding principles that allow flexibility in the formulation of rules by each Anti-Doping Organization or establish requirements that must be followed by each Anti-Doping Organization but need not be repeated in its own anti-doping rules. The following Articles, as applicable to the scope of anti-doping activity which the Anti-Doping Organization performs, must be incorporated into the rules of each Anti-Doping Organization without any substantive changes (allowing for necessary non-substantive editing changes to the language in order to refer to the organization's name, sport, section numbers, etc.): Articles 1 (Definition of Doping), 2 (Anti-Doping Rule Violations), 3 (Proof of Doping), 9 (Automatic Disqualification of Individual Results), 10 (Sanctions on Individuals), 11 (Consequences to Teams), 13 (Appeals) with the exception of
13.2.2, 17 (Statute of Limitations) and Definitions.
[Comment: For example it is critical to harmonization that all Signatories base their decisions on the same list of anti-doping rule violations, the same burdens of proof and impose the same Consequences for the same anti-doping rule violations. These substantive rules must be the same whether a hearing takes place before an International Federation, at the national level or
before CAS. On the other hand, it is not necessary for effective harmonization to force all Signatories to use one single results management and hearing process. At present, there are many different, yet equally effective processes for results management and hearings within different International Federations and different national bodies. The Code does not require absolute uniformity in results management and hearing procedures; it does, however, require that the diverse approaches of the Signatories satisfy principles stated in the Code.
With respect to Article 13, subpart 13.2.2 is not included in the provisions required to be adopted essentially verbatim, as 13.2.2 establishes mandatory guiding principles that allow some flexibility in the formulation of rules by the Anti-Doping Organization.] Anti-doping rules, like competition rules, are sport rules governing the conditions under which sport is played. Athletes accept these rules as a condition of participation. Anti-doping rules are not intended to be subject to or limited by the requirements and legal standards applicable to criminal proceedings or employment matters. The policies and minimum standards set forth in the Code represent the consensus of a broad spectrum of stakeholders with an interest in fair sport and should be respected by all courts and adjudicating bodies.
Participants shall be bound to comply with the anti-doping rules adopted in conformance with the Code by the relevant Anti-Doping Organizations. Each Signatory shall establish rules and procedures to ensure that all Participants under the authority of the Signatory and its member organizations are informed of and agree to be bound by anti-doping rules in force of the relevant Anti-Doping Organizations.
[Comment: By their participation in sport, Athletes are bound by the competitive rules of their sport. In the same manner, Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel should be bound by anti-doping rules based on Alticle 2 of the Code by virtue of their agreements for membership, accreditation, or participation
in sports organizations or sports events subject to the Code. Each Signatory, however, shall take the necessary steps to ensure that all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel within its authority are bound by the relevant Anti-Doping Organization's anti-doping rules.] ARTICLE 1 DEFINITION OF DOPING Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1 through Article 2.8 of the Code.
ARTICLE 2 ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS [Comment: The purpose of Article 2 is to specify the circumstances
and conduct which constitute violations of anti-doping rules.
Hearings in doping cases will proceed based on the assertion that one or more of these specific rules have been violated. Most of the circumstances and conduct on this list of violations can be found in some form in the OMADC or other existing anti-doping rules.] The following constitute anti-doping rule violations:
2.1 The presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers In an Athlete's bodily Specimen.
2.1.1 It is each Athlete's personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enters his or her body. Athletes are responsible for any Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found to be present in their bodily Specimens. Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, fault, negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete's part be demonstrated in order to establish an anti-doping violation under Article 2.1.
[Comment: For purposes of anti-doping violations involving the presence of a Prohibited Substance (or its Metabolites or Markets), the Code adopts the rule of strict liability which is found in the OMADC and the vast majority of existing anti-doping rules. Under the strict liability principle, an anti-doping rule violation occurs whenever a Prohibited Substance is found in an Athlete's bodily Specimen. The violation occurs whether or not the Athlete intentionally or unintentionally used a Prohibited Substance or was negligent or otherwise at fault. If the positive Sample came from an In-Competition test, then the results of that Competition are automatically invalidated (Article 9 (Automatic Disqualification of Individual Results)).
However, the Athlete then has the possibility to avoid or reduce sanctions if the Athlete can demonstrate that he or she was not at fault or significant fault.
(Article 10.5 (Elimination or Reduction of Period of Ineligibility Based on Exceptional Circumstances).
The strict liability rule for the finding of a Prohibited Substance in an Athlete's Specimen, with a possibility that sanctions may be modified based on specified criteria, provides a reasonable balance between effective anti-doping enforcement for the benefit of all "clean" Athletes and fairness in the exceptional circumstance where a Prohibited Substance entered an Athlete's system through no fault or negligence on the Athlete's part. It is important to emphasize that while the determination of whether the anti-doping rule has been violated is based on strict liability, the imposition of a fixed period of Ineligibility is not automatic.
The rationale for the strict liability rule was well stated by the Court of Arbitration for Sport in the case of Quigley v. UIT.
"It is true that a strict liability test is likely in some sense to be unfair in an individual case, such as that of Q., where the Athlete may have taken medication as the result of mislabeling or faulty advice for which he or she is not responsible - particularly in the circumstances of sudden illness in a foreign country.
But it is also in some sense "unfair" for an Athlete to get food poisoning on the eve of an important competition. Yet in neither case will the rules of the competition be altered to undo the unfairness. Just as the competition will not be postponed to await the Athlete's recovery, so the prohibition of banned substances will not be lifted in recognition of its accidental absorption. The vicissitudes of competition, like those of life generally, may create many types of unfairness, whether by accident or the negligence of unaccountable Persons, which the law cannot repair.
Furthermore, It appears to be a laudable policy objective not to repair an accidental unfairness to an individual by creating an intentional unfairness to the whole body of other competitors. This is what would happen if banned performance-enhancing substances were tolerated when absorbed inadvertently. Moreover, it is likely that even intentional abuse would in many cases escape sanction for lack of proof of guilty intent. And it is certain that a requirement of intent would invite costly litigation that may well cripple federations - particularly those run on modest budgets - in their fight against doping."]
2.1.2.
Excepting those substances for which a quantitative reporting threshold is specifically identified in the Prohibited List, the detected presence of any quantity of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete's Sample shall constitute an anti-doping rule violation.
2.1.3.
As an exception to the general rule of Article 2.1, the Prohibited List may establish special criteria for the evaluation of Prohibited Substances that can also be produced endogenously.
[Comment: For example, the Prohibited List might provide that a T/E ratio greater than 6:1 is doping unless a longitudinal analysis of prior or subsequent test results by the Anti-Doping Organization demonstrates a naturally elevated ratio or the Athlete otherwise establishes that the elevated ratio is the result of a physiological or pathological condition.]
2.2. Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method.
2.2.1 The success or failure of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method is not material. It is sufficient that the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method was Used or Attempted to be Used for an anti-doping rule violation to be committed.
[Comment: The prohibition against "Use" has been expanded from the text in the OMADC to include Prohibited Substances as well as Prohibited Methods. With this inclusion there is no need to specifically delineate "admission of Use" as a separate anti-doping rule violation. "Use" can be proved, for example, through admissions, third party testimony or other evidence.
Demonstrating the "Attempted Use" of a Prohibited Substance requires proof of intent on the 'Athlete's part. The fact that intent may be required to prove this particular anti-doping rule violation does not undermine the strict liability principle established for violations of Article 2.1 and Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
An Athlete's Out-of-Competition Use of a Prohibited Substance that is not prohibited Out-of-Competition would not constitute an anti-doping rule violation.]
2.3 Refusing, or failing without compelling justification, to submit to Sample collection after notification as authorized in applicable anti-doping rules or otherwise evading Sample collection.
[Comment: Failure or refusal to submit to Sample collection after notification is prohibited in almost all existing anti-doping rules. This Article expands the typical rule to include "otherwise evading Sample collection" as prohibited conduct. Thus, for example, it would be an anti-doping rule violation if it were established that an Athlete was hiding from a Doping Control official who was attempting to conduct a test. A violation of "refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection" may be based on either intentional or negligent conduct of the Athlete, while "evading" Sample collection contemplates intentional conduct by the Athlete.]
2.4 Violation of applicable requirements regarding Athlete availability for Out-of-Competition Testing including failure to provide required whereabouts information and missed tests which are declared based on reasonable rules.
[Comment: Unannounced Out-of-Competition Testing is at the core of effective Doping Control. Without accurate Athlete location information such Testing is inefficient and sometimes impossible.
This Article, which is not typically found in most existing
anti-doping rules, requires Athletes that have been identified for Out-of-Competition Testing to be responsible for providing and updating information on their whereabouts so that they can be located for No Advance Notice Out-of-Competition Testing. The "applicable requirements" are set by the Athlete's International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization in order to allow some flexibility based upon varying circumstances encountered in different sports and countries. A violation of this Article may be based on either intentional or negligent conduct by the Athlete.]
2.5 Tampering, or Attempting to tamper, with any part of Doping Control.
[Comment: This Article prohibits conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would not be included in the typical definition of Prohibited Methods.
For example, altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing or breaking the B Bottle at the time of B Sample analysis.]
2.6 Possession of Prohibited Substances and Methods:
2.6.1Possession by an Athlete at any time or place of a substance that is prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing or a Prohibited Method unless the Athlete establishes that the Possession is pursuant to a therapeutic use exemption granted in accordance with Article 4.4 (Therapeutic Use) or other acceptable justification.
2.6.2Possession of a substance that is prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing or a Prohibited Method by Athlete Support Personnel in connection with an Athlete, Competition or training, unless the Athlete Support Personnel establishes that the Possession is pursuant to a therapeutic use exemption granted to an Athlete In accordance with Article 4.4 (Thcrapeutic Use) or other acceptable justification.
2.7 Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
2.8 Administration or Attempted administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method to any Athlete, or assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any Attempted violation.
ARTICLE 3 PROOF OF DOPING
3.1 Burdens and Standards of Proof The Anti-Doping Organization shall have the burden of establishing that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred.
The standard of proof shall be whether the Anti-Doping Organization has established an anti-doping rule violation to the comfortable satisfaction of the hearing body bearing in
mind the seriousness of the allegation which is made. This standard of proof in all cases is greater than a mere balance of probability but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Where the Code places the burden of proof upon the Athlete or other Person alleged to have committed an anti-doping rule violation to rebut a presumption or establish specified facts or circumstances, the standard of proof shall be by a balance of probability.
[Comment: This standard of proof required to be met by the Anti-Doping Organization is comparable to the standard which is applied in most countries to cases involving professional misconduct. It has also been widely applied by courts and tribunals in doping cases See, for example, the CAS decision in N., J., Y., W. v. FINA. CAS 98/208.22 December 1998.]
3.2 Methods of Establishing Facts and Presumptions. Facts related to anti-doping rule violations may be established by any reliable means, including admissions. The following rules of proof shall be applicable in doping cases:
3.2.1WADA-accredited laboratories are presumed to have conducted Sample analysis and custodial procedures in accordance with the International Standard for laboratory analysis.
The Athlete may rebut this presumption by establishing that a departure from the International Standard occurred.
If the Athlete rebuts the preceding presumption by showing that a departure from the International Standard occurred, then the Anti-Doping Organization shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding.
[Comment: The burden is on the Athlete to establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, a departure from the International Standard. If the Athlete does so, the burden shifts to the Anti-.Doping Organization to prove to the comfortable satisfaction of the hearing body that the departure did not change the test result.]
3.2.2Departures from the International Standard for Testing which did not cause an Adverse Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule violation shall not invalidate such results.
If the Athlete establishes that departures from the International Standard occurred during Testing then the Anti-Doping Organization shall have the burden to establish that such departures did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the factual basis for the anti-doping rule violation.
ARTICLE 4 THE PROHIBITED LIST
4.1 Publication and Revision of the Prohibited List. WADA shall,
as often as necessary and no less often than annually, publish the Prohibited List as an International Standard. The proposed content of the Prohibited List and all revisions shall be provided in writing promptly to all Signatories and governments for comment and consultation. Each annual version of the Prohibited List and all revisions shall be distributed promptly by WADA to each Signatory and government and shall be published on WADA's website, and each Signatory shall take appropriate steps to distribute the Prohibited List to its members and constituents. The rules of each Anti-Doping Organization shall specify that, unless provided otherwise in the Prohibited List or a revision, the Prohibited List and revisions shall go into effect under the Anti-Doping Organization's rules three months after publication of the Prohibited List by WADA without requiring any further action by the Anti-Doping Organization.
[Comment: The Prohibited List will be revised and published on an expedited basis whenever the need arises. However, for the sake of predictability, a new list will be published every year whether or not changes have been made. The virtue of the IOC practice of publishing a new list every January is that it avoids confusion over which list is the most current. To address this issue, WADA will always have the most current Prohibited List published on its website.
It is anticipated that revised anti-doping rules adopted by Anti-Doping Organizations pursuant to the Code will not go into effect until January 1, 2004 with the publication of the first Prohibited List adopted by WADA. The OMADC will continue to be applicable until the Code is accepted by the International Olympic Committee.]
4.2 Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods Identified on the Prohibited List. The Prohibited List shall identify those Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods which are prohibited as doping at all times (both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) because of their potential to enhance performance in future Competitions or their masking potential and those substances and methods which are prohibited In-Competition only.
Upon the recommendation of an International Federation, the Prohibited List may be expanded by WADA for that particular sport. Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods may be included in the Prohibited List by general category (e.g., anabolic agents) or by specific reference to a particular substance or method.
[Comment: There will be one Prohibited List. The substances which are prohibited at all times would include masking agents and those substances which, when used in training, may have long term performance enhancing effects such as anabolics. All substances and methods on the Prohibited List are prohibited In-Competition.
This distinction between what is tested for In-Competition and what is tested for Out-of-Competition is carried over from the OMADC.
There will be only document called the "Prohibited List." WADA may add additional substances or methods to the Prohibited List for particular sports (e.g. the inclusion of beta-blockers for shooting) but this will also be reflected on the single Prohibited List. Having all Prohibited Substances on a single list will avoid some of the current confusion related to identifying which substances are prohibited in which sports. Individual sports are not permitted to seek exemption from the basic list of Prohibited Substances (e.g. eliminating anabolics from the Prohibited List for "mind sports"). The premise of this decision is that there are certain basic doping agents which anyone who chooses to call himself or herself an Athlete should not take.]
4.3 Criteria for Including Substances and Methods on the Prohibited List. WADA shall consider the following criteria in deciding whether to include a substance or method on the Prohibited List.
4.3.1A substance or method shall be considered for inclusion on the Prohibited List if WADA determines that the substance or method meets any two of the following three criteria:
4.3.1.1 Medical or other scientific evidence, pharmacological effect or experience that the substance or method has the potential to enhance or enhances sport performance;
4.3.1.2 Medical or other scientific evidence, pharmacological effect, or experience that the Use of the substance or method represents an actual or potential health risk to the Athlete;
4.3.1.3 WADA's determination that the Use of the substance or method violates the spirit of sport described in the Introduction to the Code.
4.3.2A substance or method shall also be included on the Prohibited List if WADA determines there is medical or other scientific evidence, pharmacological effect or experience that the substance or method has the potential to mask the Use of other Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.
[Comment: A substance shall be considered for inclusion on the Prohibited List if the substance is a masking agent or meets two of the following three criteria: (1) it has the potential to enhance or enhances sport performance; (2) it represents a potential or actual health risk; or (3) it is contrary to the spirit of sport. None of the three criteria alone is a sufficient basis for adding a substance to the Prohibited List. Using the potential to enhance performance as the sole criteria would include, for example, physical and mental training, red meat, carbohydrate loading and training at altitude. Risk of harm would
include smoking. Requiring all three criteria would also be unsatisfactory. For example the use of genetic transfer technology to dramatically enhance sport performance should be prohibited as contrary to the spirit of sport even if it is not harmful.
Similarly, the potentially unhealthy abuse of certain substances without therapeutic justification based on the mistaken belief they enhance performance is certainly contrary to the spirit of sport regardless of whether the expectation of performance enhancement is realistic.]
4.3.3WADA's determination of the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods that will be included on the Prohibited List shall be final and shall not be subject to challenge by an Athlete or other Person based on an argument that the substance or method was not a masking agent or did not have the potential to enhance performance, represent a health risk, or violate the spirit of sport.
[Comment: The question of whether a substance meets the criteria in Article 4.3 (Criteria for Including Substances and Methods on the Prohibited List) in a particular case cannot be raised as a defense to an anti-doping rule violation. For example, it cannot be argued that the Prohibited Substance detected would not have been performance enhancing in that particular sport. Rather, doping occurs when a substance on the Prohibited List is found in an Athlete's bodily Specimen. The same principle is found in the OMADC.]
4.4 Therapeutic Use WADA shall adopt an International Standard for the process of granting therapeutic use exemptions.
Each International Federation shall ensure, for International-Level Athletes or any other Athlete who is entered in an International Event, that a process is in place whereby Athletes with documented medical conditions requiring the Use of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method may request a therapeutic use exemption.
Each National Anti-Doping Organization shall ensure, for all Athletes within its jurisdiction that are not International-Level Athletes, that a process is in place whereby Athletes with documented medical conditions requiring the Use of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method may request a therapeutic use exemption. Such requests shall be evaluated in accordance with the International Standard on therapeutic use. International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations shall promptly report to WADA the granting of therapeutic use exemptions to any International-Level Athlete or national-level Athlete that is included in his or her National Anti-Doping Organization's Registered Testing Pool.
WADA, on its own initiative, may review the granting of a therapeutic use exemption to any International-Level Athlete
or national-level Athlete that is included in his or her National Anti-Doping Organization's Registered Testing Pool.
Further, upon the request of any such Athlete that has been denied a therapeutic use exemption, WADA may review such denial. If WADA determines that such granting or denial of a therapeutic use exemption did not comply with the International Standard for therapeutic use exemptions, WADA may reverse the decision.
[Comment: It is important that the processes for granting therapeutic use exemptions become more harmonized. Athletes who use medically prescribed Prohibited Substances may be subject to sanctioning unless they have previously obtained a therapeutic use exemption. However, currently many sporting bodies have no rules permitting therapeutic use exemptions; others follow unwritten policies; and only a few have written policies incorporated into their anti-doping rules. This Article seeks to harmonize the basis upon which therapeutic use exemptions will be granted and gives responsibility for granting or denying exemptions to the International Federations for International-Level Athletes and to the National Anti-Doping Organizations for national-level Athletes (that are not also International-Level Athletes) and other Athletes subject to Doping Control under the Code.
Examples of commonly prescribed Prohibited Substances which might be specifically addressed in the International Standard for therapeutic use exemptions are medications prescribed for acute severe asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. When a therapeutic use exemption has been denied or granted in contravention of the International Standard, that decision may be submitted to WADA for review as provided in the International Standard and thereafter appealed as provided in Article 13.3 (Appeals). If the granting of a therapeutic use exemption is reversed, the reversal shall not apply retroactively and shall not disqualify the Athlete's results during the time that the therapeutic use exemption was in effect.]
4.5 Monitoring Program WADA, in consultation with other Signatories and governments, shall establish a monitoring program regarding substances which are not on the Prohibited List, but which WADA wishes to monitor in order to detect patterns of misuse in sport.
WADA shall publish, in advance of any Testing, the substances that will be monitored. Laboratories will report the instances of reported Use or detected presence of these substances to WADA periodically on an aggregate basis by sport and whether the Samples were collected In-Competition or Out-of-Competition. Such reports shall not contain additional information regarding specific Samples. WADA shall make available to International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations, on at least an annual basis, aggregate statistical information by sport regarding the additional substances. WADA shall implement measures to ensure that strict anonymity of individual Athletes is maintained with respect to such reports. The reported use or
detected presence of the monitored substances shall not constitute a doping violation.
ARTICLE 5 TESTING
5.1 Test Distribution Planning.
Anti-Doping Organizations conducting Testing shall in coordination with other Anti-Doping Organizations conducting Testing on the same Athlete pool:
5.1.1Plan and implement an effective number of In-Competition and Out-of-Competition tests.
Each International Federation shall establish a Registered Testing Pool for International-Level Athletes in its sport, and each National Anti-Doping Organization shall establish a national Registered Testing Pool for Athletes in its country. The national-level pool shall include International-Level Athletes from that country as well as other national-level Athletes.
Each International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization shall plan and conduct In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing on its Registered Testing Pool.
5.1.2Make No Advance Notice Testing a priority.
5.1.3Conduct Target Testing.
[Comment: Target Testing is specified because random Testing, or even weighted random Testing, does not ensure that all of the appropriate Athletes will be tested. (For example: world class Athletes, Athletes whose performances have dramatically improved over a short period of time, Athletes whose coaches have had other Athletes test positive, etc.).
Obviously, Target Testing must not be used for any purpose other than legitimate Doping Control. The Code makes it clear that Athletes have no right to expect that they will be tested only on a random basis. Similarly, it does not impose any reasonable suspicion or probable cause requirement for Target Testing.]
5.2 Standards for Testing Anti-Doping Organizations conducting Testing shall conduct such Testing in conformity with the International Standard for Testing.
[Comment: The required methods and processes for the various types of In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing will be described in greater detail in the International Standard for Testing.] ARTICLE 6 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES Doping Control Samples shall be analyzed in accordance with the following principles:
6.1 Use of Approved Laboratories Doping Control Samples shall be analyzed only in WADA-accredited laboratories or as otherwise approved by WADA. The choice of the WADA-accredited laboratory (or other method approved by WADA) used for the Sample analysis shall be determined exclusively by the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for results management.
[Comment: The phrase "or other method approved by WADA" is intended to cover, for example, mobile blood Testing procedures which WADA has reviewed and considers to be reliable.]
6.2 Substances Subject to Detection Doping Control Samples shall be analyzed to detect Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods identified on the Prohibited List and other substances as may be directed by WADA pursuant to Article 4.5 (Monitoring Program).
6.3 Research on Samples No Sample may be used for any purpose other than the detection of substances (or classes of substances) or methods on the Prohibited List, or as otherwise identified by WADA pursuant to Article 4.5 (Monitoring Program), without the Athlete's written consent.
6.4 Standards for Sample Analysis and Reporting Laboratories shall analyze Doping Control Samples and report results in conformity with the International Standard for laboratory analysis.
ARTICLE 7 RESULTS MANAGEMENT Each Anti-Doping Organization conducting results management shall establish a process for the pre-hearing administration of potential anti-doping rule violations that respects the following principles:
[Comment: Various of the Signatories have created their own approaches to results management for Adverse Analytical Findings.
While the various approaches have not been entirely uniform, many have proven to be fair and effective systems for results management. The Code does not supplant each of the Signatories results management systems. This Article does, however, specify basic principles in order to ensure the fundamental fairness of the results management process which must be observed by each Signatory. The specific anti-doping rules of each Signatory shall be consistent with these basic principles.]
7.1 Initial Review Regarding Adverse Analytical Findings Upon receipt of an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding, the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for results management shall conduct a review to determine whether: (a) an applicable therapeutic use exemption has been granted, or (b)
there is any apparent departure from the International Standards for Testing or laboratory analysis that undermines the validity of the Adverse Analytical Finding.
7.2 Notification After Initial Review If the initial review under Article 7.1 does not reveal an applicable therapeutic use exemption or departure that undermines the validity of the Adverse Analytical Finding, the Anti-Doping Organization shall promptly notify the Athlete, in the manner set out in its rules, of: (a) the Adverse Analytical Finding;
(b) the anti-doping rule violated, or, in a case under Article 7.3, a description of the additional investigation that will be conducted as to whether there is an anti-doping rule violation; (c) the Athlete's right to promptly request the analysis of the B Sample or, failing such request, that the B Sample analysis may be deemed waived; (d) the right of the Athlete and/or the Athlete's representative to attend the B Sample opening and analysis if such analysis is requested; and (e) the Athlete's right to request copies of the A and B Sample laboratory documentation package which includes information as required by the International Standard for laboratory analysis.
[Comment: The Athlete has a right to request a prompt B Sample analysis regardless of whether follow-up investigation may be required under Articles 7.3 or 7.4.]
7.3 Further Review of Adverse Analytical Finding Where Required by Prohibited List The Anti-Doping Organization or other reviewing body established by such organization shall also conduct any follow-up investigation as may be required by the Prohibited List. Upon completion of such follow-up investigation, the Anti-Doping Organization shall promptly notify the Athlete regarding the results of the follow-up investigation and whether or not the Anti-Doping Organization asserts that an anti-doping rule was violated.
7.4 Review of Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations The Anti-Doping Organization or other reviewing body established by such organization shall conduct any follow-up investigation as may be required under applicable anti-doping policies and rules adopted pursuant to the Code or which the Anti-Doping Organization otherwise considers appropriate. The Anti-Doping Organization shall promptly give the Athlete or other Person subject to sanction notice, in the manner set out in its rules, of the anti-doping rule which appears to have been violated, and the basis of the violation.
[Comment: As an example, an International Federation typically would notify the Athlete through the Athlete's national sports federation.]
7.5 Principles Applicable to Provisional Suspensions
A Signatory may adopt rules, applicable to any Event for which tile Signatory is the ruling body or for any team selection process for which the Signatory is responsible, permitting Provisional Suspensions to be imposed after the review and notification described in Articles 7.1 and 7.2 but prior to a final hearing as described in Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing). Provided, however, that a Provisional Suspension may not be imposed unless the Athlete is given either: (a) an opportunity for a Provisional Hearing either before imposition of the Provisional Suspension or on a timely basis after imposition of the Provisional Suspension;
or (b) an opportunity for an expedited hearing in accordance with Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing) on a timely basis after imposition of a Provisional Suspension.
If a Provisional Suspension is imposed based on an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding and a subsequent B Sample analysis does not confirm the A Sample analysis, then the Athlete shall not be subject to any further disciplinary action and any sanction previously imposed shall be rescinded. In circumstances where the Athlete or the Athlete's team has been removed from a Competition and the subsequent B Sample analysis does not confirm the A Sample finding, if, without otherwise affecting the Competition, it is still possible for the Athlete or team to be reinserted, the Athlete or team may continue to take part in the Competition.
[Comment: This Article continues to permit the possibility of a Provisional Suspension before a final decision at a hearing under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing). Provisional Suspensions are currently authorized in the OMADC and by the rules of many International Federations.
However, before a Provisional Suspension can be unilaterally imposed by an Anti-Doping Organization, the internal review specified in the Code must first be completed. In addition, a Signatory imposing a Provisional Suspension is required to give the Athlete an opportunity for a Provisional Hearing either before or promptly after the imposition of the Provisional Suspension, or an expedited final hearing under Article 8 promptly after imposition of the Provisional Suspension.
The Athlete has a right to appeal under Article 13.2. As an alternative to the process for imposing a Provisional Suspension under this Article, the Anti-Doping Organization may always elect to forego a Provisional Suspension and proceed directly to the final hearing utilizing an expedited process under Article 8.
In the rare circumstance where the B Sample analysis does not confirm the A Sample finding, the Athlete that had been provisionally suspended will be allowed, where circumstances permit, to participate in subsequent Competitions during the Event. Similarly, depending upon the relevant rules of the International Federation in a Team Sport, if the team is still in Competition, the Athlete may be able to take part in future Competitions.]
ARTICLE 8 RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING Each Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for results management shall provide a hearing process for any Person who is asserted to have committed an anti-doping rule violation. Such hearing process shall address whether an anti-doping violation was committed and, if so, the appropriate Consequences. The hearing process shall respect the following principles:
* a timely hearing;
* fair and impartial hearing body;
* the right to be represented by counsel at the Person's own expense;
* the right to be fairly and timely informed of the asserted anti-doping rule violation;
* the right to respond to the asserted anti-doping rule violation and resulting Consequences;
* the right of each party to present evidence, including the right to call and question witnesses (subject to the hearing body's discretion to accept testimony by telephone or written submission);
* the Person's right to an interpreter at the hearing, with the hearing body to determine the identity, and responsibility for the cost, of the interpreter; and * a timely, written, reasoned decision;
[Comment: This Article contains basic principles relative to ensuring a fair hearing for Persons asserted to have violated anti-doping rules. This Article is not intended to supplant each Signatory's own rules for hearings but rather to ensure that each Signatory provides a hearing process consistent with these principles.
The reference to CAS as an appellate body in Article 13 does not prevent a Signatory from also specifying CAS as the initial hearing body.] Hearings held in connection with Events may be conducted by an expedited process as permitted by the rules of the relevant Anti-Doping Organization and the hearing body.
[Comment: For example a hearing could be expedited on the eve of a major Event where the resolution of the anti-doping rule violation is necessary to determine the Athlete's eligibility to participate in the Event or during an Event where the resolution of the case will affect the validity of the Athlete's results or continued participation in the Event.] ARTICLE 9 AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS An anti-doping rule violation in connection with an In-Competition test automatically leads to Disqualification of the individual result obtained in that Competition with all resulting consequences, including forfeiture of any medals points and
prizes.
[Comment: This principle is currently found in the OMADC. When an Athlete wins a gold medal with a Prohibited Substance in his or her system, that is unfair to the other Athletes in that Competition regardless of whether the gold medallist was at fault in any way. Only a "clean" Athlete should be allowed to benefit from his or her competitive results.
For Team Sports, see Article 11 (Consequences to Teams).] ARTICLE 10 SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS
10.1 Disqualification of Results in Event During which an Anti-Doping Rule Violation Occurs An anti-doping rule violation occurring during or in connection with an Event may, upon the decision of the ruling body of the Event, lead to Disqualification of all of the Athlete's individual results obtained in that Event with all consequences, including forfeiture of all medals, points and prizes, except as provided in Article 10.1.1.
[Comment: Whereas Article 9 (Automatic Disqualification of Individual Results) Disqualifies the result in a single Competition in which the Athlete tested positive (e.g., the 100 meter backstroke), this Article may lead to Disqualification of all results in all races during the Event (e.g., the FINA World Championships).
Factors to be included in considering whether to Disqualify other results in an Event might include, for example, the severity of the Athlete's anti-doping rule violation and whether the Athlete tested negative in the other Competitions.]
10.1.1 If the Athlete establishes that he or she bears No Fault or Negligence for the violation, the Athlete's individual results in the other Competitions shall not be Disqualified unless the Athlete's results in Competitions other than the Competition In which the anti-doping rule violation occurred were likely to have been affected by the Athlete's anti-doping rule violation.
10.2 Imposition of Ineligibility for Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods Except for the specified substances identified in Article
10.3, the period of Ineligibility imposed for a violation of Articles 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers), 2.2 (Use or Attempted Use of Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method) and
2.6 (Possession of Prohibited Substances and Methods) shall be:
First violation: Two (2) years' Ineligibility.
Second violation: Lifetime Ineligibility.
However, the Athlete or other Person shall have the opportunity in each case, before a period of Ineligibility is imposed, to establish the basis for eliminating or reducing this sanction as provided in Article 10.5.
[Comment: Harmonization of sanctions has been one of the most discussed and debated areas of anti-doping. Arguments against requiring harmonization of sanctions are based on differences between sports including for example the following: in some sports the Athletes are professionals making a sizable income from the sport and in others the Athletes are true amateurs; in those sports where an Athlete's career is short (e.g. artistic gymnastics) a two year Disqualification has a much more significant effect on the Athlete than in sports where careers are traditionally much longer (e.g. equestrian and shooting); in individual sports the Athlete is better able to maintain competitive skills through solitary practice during Disqualification than in other sports where practice as part of a team is more important. A primary argument in favor of harmonization is that it is simply not right that two Athletes from the same country who test positive for the same Prohibited Substance under similar circumstances should receive different sanctions only because they participate in different sports. In addition flexibility in sanctioning has often been viewed as an unacceptable opportunity for some sporting bodies to be more lenient with dopers. The lack of harmonization of sanctions has also frequently been the source of jurisdictional conflicts between International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations.
The consensus of the World Conference on Doping in Sport held in Lausanne in February 1999 supported a two year period of Ineligibility for a first serious anti-doping rule violation followed with a lifetime ban for a second violation. This consensus was reflected in the OMADC.]
10.3 Specified Substances The Prohibited List may identify specified substances which are particularly susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rules violations because of their general availability in medicinal products or which are less likely to be successfully abused as doping agents. Where an Athlete can establish that the Use of such a specified substance was not intended to enhance sport performance, the period of Ineligibility found in Article 10.2 shall be replaced with the following:
First violation: At a minimum, a warning and reprimand and no period of Ineligibility from future Events, and at a maximum, one (1) year's Ineligibility.
Second violation: Two (2) years' Ineligibility.
Third violation: Lifetime Ineligibility.
However, the Athlete or other Person shall have the opportunity in each case, before a period of Ineligibility is imposed, to establish the basis for eliminating or reducing (in the case of a second or third violation) this sanction as provided in Article 10.5.
[Comment: This principle is carried over from the OMADC and allows, for example, some flexibility in disciplining Athletes who test positive as a result of the inadvertent use of a cold medicine containing a prohibited stimulant.
"Reduction" of a sanction under Article 10.5.2 applies only to a second or third violation because the sanction for a first violation already builds in sufficient discretion to allow consideration of the Person's degree of fault.]
10.4 Ineligibility for Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations The period of Ineligibility for other anti-doping rule violations shall be:
10.4.1 For violations of Article 2.3 (refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection) or Article
2.5 (Tampering with Doping Control), the Ineligibility periods set forth in Article 10.2 shall apply.
10.4.2 For violations of Articles 2.7 (Trafficking) or 2.8 (administration of Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method), the period of Ineligibility imposed shall be a minimum of four
(4) years up to lifetime Ineligibility.
An anti-doping rule violation involving a Minor shall be considered a particularly serious violation, and, if committed by Athlete Support Personnel for violations other than specified substances referenced in Article 10.3, shall result in lifetime Ineligibility for such Athlete Support Personnel. In addition, violations of such Articles which also violate non-sporting laws and regulations, may be reported to the competent administrative, professional or judicial authorities.
[Comment: Those who are involved in doping Athletes or covering up doping should be subject to sanctions which are more severe than the Athletes who test positive. Since the authority of sport organizations is generally limited to Ineligibility for credentials, membership and other sport benefits, reporting Athlete Support Personnel to competent authorities is an important step in the deterrence of doping.]
10.4.3 For violations of Article 2.4 (whereabouts violation or missed test), the period of Ineligibility shall be at a minimum 3 months and at a maximum 2 years in
accordance with the rules established by the Anti-Doping Organization whose test was missed or whereabouts requirement was violated. The period of Ineligibility for subsequent violations of Article
2.4 shall be as established in the rules of the Anti-Doping Organization whose test was missed or whereabouts requirement was violated.
[Comment: The whereabouts and missed test policies of different Anti-Doping Organizations may vary considerably, particularly at the outset as these policies are being put into place. Thus, considerable flexibility has been provided for sanctioning these anti-doping rule violations. Those Anti-Doping Organizations with more sophisticated policies including built in safeguards, and those organizations with longer track records of Athlete experience with a whereabouts policy, could provide for Ineligibility periods at the longer end of the specified range.]
10.5 Elimination or Reduction of Period of Ineligibility Based on Exceptional Circumstances.
10.5.1 No Fault or Negligence If the Athlete establishes in an individual case involving an anti-doping rule violation under Article
2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers) or Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method under Article 2.2 that he or she bears No Fault or Negligence for the violation, the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility shall be eliminated. When a Prohibited Substance or its Markers or Metabolites is detected in an Athlete's Specimen in violation of Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance), the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered his or her system in order to have the period of Ineligibility eliminated. In the event this Article is applied and the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable is eliminated, the anti-doping rule violation shall not be considered a violation for the limited purpose of determining the period of Ineligibility for multiple violations under Articles
10.2, 10.3 and 10.6.
[Comment: Article 10.5.1 applies only to violations under Articles
2.1 and 2.2 (presence and Use of Prohibited Substances) because fault or negligence is already required to establish an anti-doping rule violation under other anti-doping rules.]
10.5.2 No Significant Fault or Negligence This Article 10.5.2 applies only to anti-doping rule violations involving Article
2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers), Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method under Article 2.2, failing to submit to Sample
collection under Article 2.3, or administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited method under Article 2.8. If an Athlete establishes in an individual case involving such violations that he or she bears No Significant Fault or Negligence, then the period of Ineligibility may be reduced, but the reduced period of Ineligibility may not be less than one-half of the minimum period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the reduced period under this section may be no less than 8 years. When a Prohibited Substance or its Markers or Metabolites is detected in an Athlete's Specimen in violation of Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance), the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered his or her system in order to have the period of Ineligibility reduced.
[Comment: The trend in doping cases has been to recognize that there must be some opportunity in the course of the hearing process to consider the unique facts and circumstances of each particular case in imposing sanctions. This principle was accepted at the World Conference on Doping in Sport and was incorporated into the OMADC which provides that sanctions can be reduced in "exceptional circumstances." The Code also provides for the possible reduction or elimination of the period of Ineligibility in the unique circumstance where the Athlete can establish that he or she had No Fault or Negligence, or No Significant Fault or Negligence, in connection with the violation. This approach is consistent with basic principles of human rights and provides a balance between those Anti-Doping Organizations that argue for a much narrower exception, or none at all, and those that would reduce a two year suspension based on a range of other factors even when the Athlete was admittedly at fault. These Articles apply only to the imposition of sanctions; they are not applicable to the determination of whether an anti-doping rule violation has occurred.
Article 10.5 is meant to have an impact only in cases where the circumstances are truly exceptional and not in the vast majority of cases.
To illustrate the operation of Article 10.5, an example where No Fault or Negligence would result in the total elimination of a sanction is where an Athlete could prove that, despite all due care, he or she was sabotaged by a competitor. Conversely, a sanction could not be completely eliminated on the basis of No Fault or Negligence in the following circumstances: (a) a positive test resulting from a mislabeled or contaminated vitamin or nutritional supplement (Athletes are responsible for what they ingest (Article
2.1.1) and have been warned against the possibility of supplement contamination); (b) the administration of a prohibited substance by the Athlete's personal physician or trainer without disclosure to the Athlete (Athletes are
responsible for their choice of medical personnel and for advising medical personnel that they cannot be given any prohibited substance); and (c) sabotage of the Athlete's food or drink by a spouse, coach or other person within the Athlete's circle of associates (Athletes are responsible for what they ingest and for the conduct of those persons to whom they entrust access to their food and drink). However, depending on the unique facts of a particular case, any of the referenced illustrations could result in a reduced sanction based on No Significant Fault or Negligence.
(For example, reduction may well be appropriate in illustration (a) if the Athlete clearly establishes that the cause of the positive test was contamination in a common multiple vitamin purchased from a source with no connection to Prohibited Substances and the Athlete exercised care in not taking other nutritional supplements.) Article 10.5.2 applies only to the identified anti-doping rule violations because these violations may be based on conduct that is not intentional or purposeful. Violations under Article 2.4 (whereabouts information and missed tests) are not included, even though intentional conduct is not required to establish these violations, because the sanction for violations of Article 2.4 (from three months to two years) already builds in sufficient discretion to allow consideration of the Athlete's degree of fault.]
10.5.3 Athlete's Substantial Assistance in Discovering or Establishing Anti-Doping Rule Violations by Athlete Support Personnel and Others.
An Anti-Doping Organization may also reduce the period of Ineligibility in an individual case where the Athlete has provided substantial assistance to the Anti-Doping Organization which results in the Anti-Doping Organization discovering or establishing an anti-doping rule violation by another Person involving Possession under Article 2.6.2 (Possession by Athlete Support Personnel), Article
2.7 (Trafficking), or Article 2.8 (administration to an Athlete). The reduced period of Ineligibility may not, however, be less than one-half of the minimum period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the reduced period under this section may be no less than 8 years.
10.6 Rules for Certain Potential Multiple Violations
10.6.1 For purposes of imposing sanctions under Articles
10.2, 10.3 and 10.4, a second anti-doping rule violation may be considered for purposes of imposing sanctions only if the Anti-Doping Organization can establish that the Athlete or other Person committed the second anti-doping rule violation after the Athlete or other Person received notice, or after the Anti-Doping Organization made a reasonable Attempt to
give notice, of the first anti-doping rule violation;
if the Anti-Doping Organization cannot establish this, the violations shall be considered as one single first violation, and the sanction imposed shall be based on the violation that carries the more severe sanction.
[Comment: Under this Article, an Athlete testing positive a second time before notice of the first positive test would only be sanctioned on the basis of a single anti-doping rule violation.]
10.6.2 Where an Athlete, based on the same Doping Control, is found to have committed an anti-doping rule violation involving both a specified substance under Article 10.3 and another Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, the Athlete shall be considered to have committed a single anti-doping rule violation, but the sanction imposed shall be based on the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method that carries the most severe sanction.
10.6.3 Where an Athlete is found to have committed two separate anti-doping rule violations, one involving a specifiec substance governed by the sanctions set forth in Article 10.3 (Specified Substances) and the other involving a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method governed by the sanctions set forth in Article
10.2 or a violation governed by the sanctions in Article 10.4.1, the period of Ineligitility imposed for the second offense shall be at a minimum two years' Ineligibility and at a maximum three years' Ineligibility. Any Athlete found to have committed a third anti-doping rule violation involving any combination of specified substances under Article
10.3 and any other anti-doping rule violation under
10.2 or 10.4.1 shall receive a sanction of lifetime Ineligibility.
[Comment: Alticle 10.6.3 deals with the situation where an Athlete commits two separate anti-doping rule violations, but one of the violations involves a specified substance governed by the lesser sanctions of Alticle 10.3. Without this Alticle in the Code, the second offense arguably could be governed by: the sanction applicable to a second violation for the Prohibited Substance involved in the second violation, the sanction applicable to a second offense for the substance involved in the first violation, or a combination of the sanctions applicable to the two offenses.
This Alticle imposes a combined sanction calculated by adding together the sanctions for a first offense under 10.2 (two years) and a first offense under 10.3 (up to one year). This provides the same sanction to the Athlete that commits a first violation under
10.2 followed by a second violation involving a specified substance, and the Athlete that commits a first violation involving a specified substance followed by a second violation
under 10.2. In both cases, the sanction shall be from two years to three years' Ineligibility.
10.7 Disqualification of Results in Competitions Subsequent to Sample Collection In addition to the automatic Disqualification of the results in the Competition which produced the positive Sample under Article 9 (Automatic Disqualification of Individual Results), all other competitive results obtained from the date a positive Sample was collected (whether In-Competition or Out-of-Competition), or other doping violation occurred, through the commencement of any Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility period, shall, unless fairness requires otherwise, be Disqualified with all of the resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes.
10.8 Commencement of Ineligibility Period The period of Ineligibility shall start on the date of the hearing decision providing for Ineligibility or, if the hearing is waived, on the date Ineligibility is accepted or otherwise imposed. Any period of Provisional Suspension (whether imposed or voluntarily accepted) shall be credited against the total period of Ineligibility to be served. Where required by fairness, such as delays in the hearing process or other aspects of Doping Control not attributable to the Athlete, the body imposing the sanction may start the period of Ineligibility at an earlier date commencing as early as the date of Sample collection.
[Comment: Currently, many Anti-Doping Organizations start the two-year period of Ineligibility at the time a hearing decision is rendered.
Those Anti-Doping Organizations also frequently invalidate results retroactively to the date a positive Sample was collected. Other Anti-Doping Organizations simply start the two-year suspension on the date the positive Sample was collected.
The OMADC, as clarified by its Explanatory Document, does not mandate either approach. The approach provided in the Code gives Athletes a strong disincentive to drag out the hearing process while they compete in the interim. It also encourages them to voluntarily accept Provisional Suspensions pending a hearing. On the other hand, the body imposing the sanction can start the sanction running before the date the hearing decision is reached so that an Athlete is not penalized by delays in the Doping Control process which are not his or her fault, for example, inordinate delay by the laboratory in reporting a positive test or delays in scheduling the hearing caused by the Anti-Doping Organization.]
10.9 Status During Ineligibility No Person who has been declared Ineligible may, during the period of Ineligibility, participate in any capacity in a Competition or activity (other than authorized anti-doping education or rehabilitation programs) authorized or organized
by any Signatory or Signatory's member organization. In addition, for any anti-doping rule violation not involving specified substances described in Article 10.3, some or all sport-related financial support or other sport-related benefits received by such Person will be withheld by Signatories, Signatories' member organizations and governments. A Person subject to a period of Ineligibility longer than four years may, after completing four years of the period of Ineligibility, participate in local sport events in a sport other than the sport in which the Person committed the anti-doping rule violation, but only so long as the local sport event is not at a level that could otherwise qualify such Person directly or indirectly to compete in (or accumulate points toward) a national championship or International Event.
[Comment: The rules of some Anti-Doping Organizations only ban an Athlete from "competing" during a period of Ineligibility. For example, an Athlete in those sports could still coach during the Ineligibility period. This Article adopts the position set forth in the OMADC that an Athlete who is made ineligible for doping should not participate in any capacity in an authorized Event or activity during the Ineligibility period. This would preclude, for example, practicing with a national team, or acting as a coach or sport official. Sanctions in one sport will also be recognized by other sports (see Article 15.4). This article would not prohibit the Person from participating in sport on a purely recreational level.]
10.10Reinstatement Testing.
As a condition to regaining eligibility at the end of a specified period of Ineligibility, an Athlete must, during any period of Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility, make him or herself available for Out-of-Competition Testing by any Anti-Doping Organization having testing jurisdiction, and must, if requested, provide current and accurate whereabouts information.
If an Athlete subject to a period of Ineligibility retires from sport and is removed from Out-of-Competitiol Testing pools and later seeks reinstatement, the Athlete shall not be eligible for reinstatement until the Athlete has notified relevant Anti- Doping Organizations and has been subject to Out-of-Competition Testing for a period of time equal to the period of Ineligibility remaining as of the date the Athlete had retired.
[Comment: On a related issue, the Code does not establish a rule, but rather leaves it to the various Anti-Doping Organizations to establish their own rules, addressing eligibility requirements for Athletes who are not ineligible and retire from sport while included in an Out-of-Competition pool and then seek to return to active participation in sport.] ARTICLE 11 CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS
Where more than one team member in a Team Sport has been notified of a possible anti-doping rule violation under Article 7 in connection with an Event, the Team shall be subject to Target Testing for the Event. If more than one team member in a Team Sport is found to have committed an anti-doping rule violation during the Event, the team may be subject to Disqualification or other disciplinary action. In sports which are not Team Sports but where awards are given to teams, Disqualification or other disciplinary action against the team when one or more team members have committed an anti-doping rule violation shall be as provided in the applicable rules of the International Federation.
ARTICLE 12 SANCTIONS AGAINST SPORTING BODIES Nothing in this Code precludes any Signatory or government accepting the Code from enforcing its own rules for the purpose of imposing sanctions on another sporting body over which the Signatory or government has authority.
[Comment: This Article makes it clear that the Code does not restrict whatever disciplinary rights between organizations may otherwise exist.] ARTICLE 13 APPEALS
13.1 Decisions Subject to Appeal Decisions made under the Code or rules adopted pursuant to the Code may be appealed as set forth below in Articles 13.2 through 13.4. Such decisions shall remain in effect while under appeal unless the appellate body orders otherwise.
Before an appeal is commenced, any post-decision review provided in the Anti-Doping Organization's rules must be exhausted, provided that such review respects the principles set forth in Article 13.2.2 below.
[Comment: The comparable OMADC Article is broader in that it provides that any dispute arising out of the application of the OMADC may be appealed to CAS.]
13.2 Appeals from Decisions Regarding Anti-Doping Rule Violations, Consequences, and Provisional Suspensions A decision that an anti-doping rule violation was committed, a decision imposing Consequences for an anti-doping rule violation, a decision that no anti-doping rule violation was committed, a decision that an Anti-Doping Organization lacks jurisdiction to rule on an alleged anti-doping rule violation or its Consequences, and a decision to impose a Provisional Suspension as a result of a Provisional Hearing or in violation of Article 7.5 may be appealed exclusively as provided in this Article 13.2.
13.2.1 Appeals Involving International-Level Athletes In cases arising from competition in an International Event or in cases involving International-Level
Athletes, the decision may be appealed exclusively to the Court of Arbitration for Sport ("CAS") in accordance with the provisions applicable before such court.
[Comment: CAS decisions are final and binding except for any review required by law applicable to the annulment or enforcement of arbitral awards.]
13.2.2 Appeals Involving National-Level Athletes In cases involving national-level Athletes, as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization, that do not have a right to appeal under Article
13.2.1, the decision may be appealed to an independent and impartial body in accordance with rules established by the National Anti-Doping Organization. The rules for such appeal shall respect the following principles:
* a timely hearing;
* fair, impartial and independent hearing body;
* the right to be represented by counsel at the Person's own expense; and * a timely, written, reasoned decision.
[Comment: An Anti-Doping Organization may elect to comply with this Article by giving its national-level Athletes the right to appeal directly to CAS.]
13.2.3 Persons Entitled to Appeal In cases under Article 13.2.1, the following parties shall have the right to appeal to CAS: (a) the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision being appealed; (b) the other party to the case in which the decision was rendered; (c) the relevant International Federation and any other Anti-Doping Organization under whose rules a sanction could have been imposed; (d) the International Olympic Committee or International Paralympic Committee, as applicable, where the decision may have an effect in relation to the Olympic=Games or Paralympic Games, including decisions affecting eligibility for the Olympic Games or Paralympic Games; and (e) WADA. In cases under Article 13.2.2, the parties having the right to appeal to the national-level reviewing body shall be as provided in the National Anti-Doping Organization's rules but, at a minimum, shall include: (a) the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision being appealed; (b) the other party to the case in which the decision was rendered;
(c) the relevan International Federation; and (d) WADA. For cases under Article 13.2.2, WADA and the International Federation shall also have the right to appeal to CAS with respect to the decision of the national level
reviewing body.
Notwithstanding any other provision herein, the only Person that may appeal from a Provisional Suspension is the Athlete or other Person upon whom the Provisional Suspension is imposed.
13.3 Appeals from Decisions Granting or Denying a Therapeutic Use Exemption Decisions by WADA reversing the grant or denial of a therapeutic use exemption may be appealed exclusively to CAS by the Athlete or the Anti-Doping Organization whose decision was reversed. Decisions by Anti-Doping Organizations other than WADA denying therapeutic use exemptions, which are not reversed by WADA, may be appealed by International-Level Athletes to CAS and by other Athletes to the national level reviewing body described in Article 13.2.2. If the national level reviewing body reverses the decision to deny a therapeutic use exemption, that decision may be appealed to CAS by WADA.
13.4 Appeals from Decisions Imposing Consequences under Part Three of the Code With respect to consequences imposed under Part Three (Roles and Responsibilities) of the Code, the entity upon which consequences are imposed under Part Three of the Code shall have the right to appeal exclusively to CAS in accordance with the provisions applicable before such court.
13.5 Appeals from Decisions Suspending or Revoking Laboratory Accreditation Decisions by WADA to suspend or revoke a laboratory's WADA accreditation may be appealed only by that laboratory with the appeal being exclusively to CAS.
[Comment: The object of the Code is to have anti-doping matters resolved through fair and transparent internal processes with a final appeal. Anti-doping decisions by Anti-Doping Organizations are made transparent in Article 14. Specified Persons and organizations, including WADA, are then given the opportunity to appeal those decisions. Note, that the definition of interested Persons and organizations with a right to appeal under Article 13 does not include Athletes, or their federations, who might benefit from having another competitor disqualified.] ARTICLE 14 CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING The Signatories agree to the principles of coordination of anti-doping results, public transparency and accountability and respect for the privacy interests of individuals alleged to have violated anti-doping rules as provided below:
14.1 Information Concerning Adverse Analytical Findings and Other Potential Anti-Doping Rule Violations An Athlete whose Sample has resulted in an Adverse Analytical
Finding, or an Athlete or other Person who may have violated an anti-doping rule, shall be notified by the Anti-Doping Organization with results management responsibility as provided in Article 7 (Results Management). The Athlete's National Anti-Doping Organization and International Federation and WADA shall also be notified not later than the completion of the process described in Articles 7.1 and 7.2.
Notification shall include: the Athlete's name, country, sport and discipline within the sport, whether the test was In-Competition or Out-of-Competition, the date of Sample collection and the analytical result reported by the laboratory. The same Persons and Anti-Doping Organizations shall be regularly updated on the status and findings of any review or proceedings conducted pursuant to Articles 7 (Results Management), 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing) or 13 (Appeals), and, in any case in which the period of Ineligibility is eliminated under Article 10.5.1 (No Fault or Negligence), or reduced under Article 10.5.2 (No Significant Fault or Negligence), shall be provided with a written reasoned decision explaining the basis for the elimination or reduction. The recipient organizations shall not disclose this information beyond those persons within the organization with a need to know until the Anti-Doping Organization with results management responsibility has made public disclosure or has failed to make public disclosure as required in Article 14.2 below.
14.2 Public Disclosure The identity of Athletes whose Samples have resulted in Adverse Analytical Findings, or Athletes or other Persons who were alleged by an Anti-Doping Organization to have violated other anti-doping rules, may be publicly disclosed by the Anti-doping Organization with results management responsibility no earlier than completion of the administrative review described in Articles 7.1 and 7.2. No later than twenty days after it has been determined in a hearing in accordance with Article 8 that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred, or such hearing has been waived, or the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation has not been timely challenged, the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for results management must publicly report the disposition of the anti-doping matter.
14.3 Athlete Whereabouts Information Athletes who have been identified by their International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization for inclusion in an Out-of-Competition Testing pool shall provide accurate, current location information. The International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations shall coordinate the identification of Athletes and the collecting of current location information and shall submit it to WADA. WADA shall make this information accessible to other Anti-Doping Organizations having authority to test the Athlete as provided In Article 15. This Information shall be maintained
in strict confidence at all times; shall be used exclusively for purposes of planning, coordinating or conducting Testing;
and shall be destroyed after it is no longer relevant for these purposes.
14.4 Statistical Reporting Anti-Doping Organizations shall, at least annually, publish publicly a general statistical report of their Doping Control activities with a copy provided to WADA.
14.5 Doping Control Information Clearing House WADA shall act as a central clearing house for Doping Control Testing data and results for International-Level Athletes and national-level Athlete that have been included in their National Anti-Doping Organization Registered Testing Pool. To facilitate coordinated test distribution planning and to avoid unnecessary duplication in Testing by the various Anti-Doping Organizations, each Anti-Doping Organization shalf report all In-Competition and Out-of-Competition tests on such Athletes to the WADA clearinghouse as soon as possible after such tests have been conducted. WADA shall make this information accessible to the Athlete, the Athlete's National Federation, National Olympic Committee or National Paralympic Committee, National Anti-Doping Organization, International Federation, and the International Olympic Committee or International Paralympic Committee.
Private information regarding an Athlete shall be maintained by WADA in strict confidence. WADA shall, at least annually, publish statistical reports summarizing such information.
ARTICLE 15 CLARIFICATION OF DOPING CONTROL RESPONSIBILITIES [Comment: To be effective, the anti-doping effort must involve many Anti-Doping Organizations conducting strong programs at both the international and national levels. Rather than limiting the responsibilities of one group in favor of the exclusive competency of the other, the Code manages potential problems associated with overlapping responsibilities, first by creating a much higher level of overall harmonization and second, by establishing rules of precedence and cooperation in specific areas.]
15.1 Event Testing The collection of Samples for Doping Control does and should take place at both International Events and National Events.
However, only a single organization should be responsible for initiating and directing Testing during an Event. At International Events, the collection of Doping Control Samples shall be initiated and directed by the international organization which is the ruling body for the Event (e.g., the IOC for the Olympic Games, the International Federation for a World Championship, and PASO for the Pan American Games). If the international organization decides not to conduct any Testing at such an Event, the National Anti-Doping Organization for the country where the Event
occurs may, in coordination with and with the approval of the international organization or WADA, initiate and conduct such Testing. At National Events, the collection of Doping Control Samples shall be initiated and directed by the designated National Anti-Doping Organization of that country.
[Comment: The Anti-Doping Organization "initiating and directing testing" may, if it chooses, enter into agreements with other organizations to which it delegates responsibility for Sample collection or other aspects of the Doping Control process.]
15.2 Out-or-Competition Testing Out-of-Competition Testing is and should be initiated and directed by both international and national organizations.
Out-of-Competition Testing may be initiated and directed by:
(a) WADA; (b) the IOC or IPC in connection with the Olympic Games or Paralympic Games; (c) the Athlete's International Federation;
(d) the Athlete's National Anti-Doping Organization; or (e) the National Anti-Doping Organization of any country where the Athlete is present. Out-of-Competition Testing should be coordinated through WADA in order to maximize the effectiveness of the combined Testing effort and to avoid unnecessary repetitive Testing of individual Athletes.
[Comment:
Additional authority to conduct Testing may be authorized by means of bilateral or multilateral agreements among Signatories and governments.]
15.3 Results Management, Hearings and Sanctions Except as provided in Article
15.3.1 below, results management and hearings shall be the responsibility of and shall be governed by the procedural rules of the Anti-Doping Organization that initiated and directed Sample collection (or, if no Sample collection is involved, the organization which discovered the violation).
Regardless of which organization conducts results management or hearings, the principles set forth in Articles 7 and 8 shall be respected and the rules identified in the Introduction to Part One to be incorporated without substantive change must be followed.
[Comment: In some cases, the procedural rules ot the Anti-Doping Organization which initiated and directed the Sample collection may specify that results management will be handled by another organization (e.g., the Athlete's national federation). In such event, it shall be the Anti-Doping Organization's responsibility to confirm that the other organization's rules are consistent with the Code.]
15.3.1 Results management and the conduct of hearings for an anti-doping rule violation arising from a test by, or discovered by, a National Anti-Doping Organization involving an Athlete that is not a citizen or resident of that country shall be administered as
directed by the rules of the applicable International Federation. Results management and the conduct of hearings from a test by the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, or a Major Event Organization, shall be referred to the applicable International Federation as far as sanctions beyond Disqualification from the Event or the results of the Event.
[Comment: No absolute rule is established for managing results and conducting hearings where a National Anti-Doping Organization tests a foreign national athlete over whom it would have had no jurisdiction but for the Athlete's presence in the National Anti-Doping Organization's country. Under this Article, it is left to the International Federation to determine under its own rules whether, for example, management of the case should be referred to the Athlete's National Anti-Doping Organization, remain with the Anti-Doping Organization that collected the Sample, or be taken over by the International Federation.]
15.4 Mutual Recognition Subject to the right to appeal provided in Article 13, the Testing, therapeutic use exemptions and hearing results or other final adjudications of any Signatory which are consistent with the Code and are within that Signatory's authority, shall be recognized and respected by all other Signatories. Signatories may recognize the same actions of other bodies which have not accepted the Code if the rules of those bodies are otherwise consistent with the Code.
ARTICLE 16 DOPING CONTROL FOR ANIMALS COMPETING IN SPORT
16.1 In any sport that includes animals in competition, the International Federation for that sport shall establish and implement anti-doping rules for the animals included in that sport. The anti-doping rules shall include a list of Prohibited Substances, appropriate Testing procedures and a list of approved laboratories for Sample analysis.
16.2 With respect to determining anti-doping rule violations, results management, fair hearings, Consequences, and appeals for animals involved in sport, the International Federation for that sport shall establish and implement rules that are generally consistent with Articles 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 17 of the Code.
ARTICLE 17 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS No action may be commenced against an Athlete or other Person for a violation of an anti-doping rule contained in the Code unless such action is commenced within eight years from the date the violation occurred.
[Comment: This does not restrict the Anti-Doping Organization from
considering an earlier anti-doping violation for purposes of the sanction for a subsequent violation that occurs more than eight years later. In other words, a second violation ten years after a first violation is considered a second violation for sanction purposes.] PART TWO Education and Research ARTICLE 18 EDUCATION
18.1 Basic Principle and Primary Goal The basic principle for information and education programs shall be to preserve the spirit of sport as described in the Introduction to the Code, from being undermined by doping.
The primary goal shall be to dissuade Athletes from using Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.
18.2 Program and Activities Each Anti-Doping Organization should plan, implement and monitor information and education programs. The programs should provide Participants with updated and accurate information on at least the following issues:
* Substances and methods on the Prohibited List * Health consequences of doping * Doping Control procedures * Athletes' rights and responsibilities The programs should promote the spirit of sport in order to establish an anti-doping environment which influences behavior among Participants.
Athlete Support Personnel should educate and counsel Athletes regarding anti-doping policies and rules adopted pursuant to the Code.
18.3 Coordination and Cooperation All Signatories and Participants shall cooperate with each other and governments to coordinate their efforts in anti-doping information and education.
ARTICLE 19 RESEARCH
19.1 Purpose of Anti-Doping Research Anti-doping research contributes to the development and implementation of efficient programs within Doping Control and to anti-doping information and education.
19.2 Types of Research Anti-doping research may include, for example, sociological, behavioral, juridical and ethical studies in addition to medical, analytical and physiological investigation.
19.3 Coordination Coordination of anti-doping research through WADA is encouraged. Subject to intellectual property rights, copies of anti-doping research results should be provided to WADA.
19.4 Research Practices Anti-doping research shall comply with internationally recognized ethical practices.
19.5 Research Using Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods Research efforts should avoid the administration of Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods to Athletes.
19.6 Misuse of Results Adequate precautions should be taken so that the results of anti-doping research are not misused and applied for doping.
PART THREE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES [Comment: Responsibilities for Signatories and Participants are addressed in various articles in the Code and the responsibilities listed in this part are additional to these responsibilities.] Article 20 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SIGNATORIES
20.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the International Olympic Committee
20.1.1 To adopt and implement anti-doping policies and rules for the Olympic Games which conform with the Code.
20.1.2 To require as a condition of recognition by the International Olympic Committee, that International Federations within the Olympic Movement are in compliance with the Code.
20.1.3 To withhold some or all Olympic funding of sport organizations that are not in compliance with the Code.
20.1.4 To take appropriate action to discourage non-compliance with the Code as provided in Article
23.5.
20.1.5 To authorize and facilitate the Independent Observer Program.
20.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the International Paralympic Committee
20.2.1 To adopt and implement anti-doping policies and rules for the Paralympic Games which conform with the Code.
20.2.2 To require as a condition of recognition by the International Paralympic Committee, that National Paralympic Committees within the Olympic Movement are in compliance with the Code.
20.2.3 To withhold some or all Paralympic funding of sport organizations that are not in compliance with the Code.
20.2.4 To take appropriate action to discourage non-compliance with the Code as provided in Article
23.5.
20.2.5 To authorize and facilitate the Independent Observer Program.
20.3 Roles and Responsibilities of International Federations
20.3.1 To adopt and implement anti-doping policies and rules which conform with the Code.
20.3.2 To require as a condition of membership that the policies, rules and programs of National Federations are in compliance with the Code.
20.3.3 To require all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel within their jurisdiction to recognize and be bound by anti-doping rules in conformance with the Code.
20.3.4 To require Athletes who are not regularly members of the International Federation or one of its member National Federations to be available for Sample collection and provide accurate and up-to-date whereabouts information if required by the conditions for eligibility established by the International Federation or, as applicable, the Major Event Organization.
[Comment:
This would include, for example, Athletes from professional leagues.]
20.3.5 To monitor the anti-doping programs of National Federations.
20.3.6 To take appropriate action to discourage non-compliance with the Code as provided in Article
23.5.
20.3.7 To authorize and facilitate the Independent Observer program at International Events.
20.3.8 To withhold some or all funding to its member National Federations that are not in compliance with the Code.
20.4 Roles and Responsibilities of National Olympic Committees and National Paralympic Committees
20.4.1 To ensure that their anti-doping policies and rules conform with the Code.
20.4.2 To require as a condition of membership or recognition that National Federations' anti-doping policies and rules are in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Code.
20.4.3 To require Athletes who are not regular members of a National Federation to be available for Sample collection and provide accurate and up-to-date whereabouts information on a regular basis if required during the year before the Olympic Games as a condition of participation in the Olympic Games.
20.4.4 To cooperate with their National Anti-Doping Organization.
20.4.5 To withhold some or all funding, during any period of his or her Ineligibility, to any Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel who has violated anti-doping rules.
20.4.6 To withhold some or all funding to its member or recognized National Federations that are not in compliance with the code.
20.5 Roles and Responsibilities of National Anti-Doping Organizations
20.5.1 To adopt and implement anti-doping rules and polices which conform with the Code.
20.5.2 To cooperate with other relevant national organizations and other Anti-Doping Organizations.
20.5.3 To encourage reciprocal testing between National Anti-Doping Organizations.
20.5.4 To promote anti-doping research.
20.6 Roles and Responsibilities of Major Event Organizations
20.6.1 To adopt and implement anti-doping policies and rules for their Events which conform with the Code.
20.6.2 To take appropriate action to discourage non-compliance with the Code as provided in Article
23.5.
20.6.3 To authorize and facilitate the Independent Observer Program.
20.7 Roles and Responsibilities of WADA
20.7.1 To adopt and implement policies and procedures which conform with the Code.
20.7.2 To monitor the processing of Adverse Analytical Findings.
20.7.3 To approve International Standards applicable to the implementation of the Code.
20.7.4 To accredit laboratories to conduct Sample analysis or to approve others to conduct Sample analysis.
20.7.5 To develop and approve Models of Best Practice.
20.7.6 To promote, conduct, commission, fund and coordinate
anti-doping research.
20.7.7 To conduct an effective Independent Observer Program
20.7.8 To conduct Doping Controls as authorized by other Anti-Doping Organizations.
ARTICLE 21 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PARTICIPANTS
21.1 Roles and Responsibilities of Athletes
21.1.1 To be knowledgeable of and comply with all applicable anti-doping policies and rules adopted pursuant to the Code.
21.1.2 To be available for Sample collection.
21.1.3 To take responsibility, in the context of anti-doping, for what they ingest and use.
21.1.4 To inform medical personnel of their obligation not to Use Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods and to take responsibility to make sure that any medical treatment received does not violate anti-doping policies and rules adopted pursuant to the Code.
21.2 Roles and Responsibilities of Athlete Support Personnel
21.2.1 To be knowledgeable of and comply with all anti-doping policies and rules adopted pursuant to the Code and which are applicable to them or the Athletes whom they support.
21.2.2 To cooperate with the Athlete Testing program.
21.2.3 To use their influence on Athlete values and behavior to foster anti-doping attitudes.
ARTICLE 22 INVOLVEMENT OF GOVERNMENTS Each government's commitment to the Code will be evidenced by its signing a Declaration on or before the first day of the Athens Olympic Games to be followed by a process leading to a convention or other obligation to be implemented as appropriate to the constitutional and administrative contexts of each government on or before the first day of the Turin Winter Olympic Games.
[Comment: Most governments cannot be parties to, or be bound by, private non-governmental instruments such as the Code. For that reason, governments are not asked to be Signatories to the Code.
However, the effort to combat doping through the coordinated and harmonized program reflected in the Code is very much a joint effort between the sport movement and governments. An example of one type of obligation referred to above is the convention discussed in the Final Communique of the UNESCO Round Table of Ministers and Senior Officials Responsible for Physical Education and Sport held in Paris on 9/10 January 2003.] It is the expectation of the Signatories that the Declaration and the convention or other obligation will reflect the following major points:
22.1 Affirmative measures will be undertaken by each governrnent
in support of anti-doping in at least the following areas:
* Support for national anti-doping programs;
* The availability of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods;
* Facilitate access for WADA to conduct Out-or-Competition Doping Controls;
* The problem of nutritional supplements which contain undisclosed Prohibited Substances; and * Withholding some or all financial support from sport organizations and Participants that are not in compliance with the Code or applicable anti-doping rules adopted pursuant to the Code.
22.2 All other governmental involvement with anti-doping will be brought into harmony with the Code.
22.3 Ongoing compliance with the commitments reflected in the convention or other obligation will be monitored as determined in consultation between WADA and the applicable government(s).
PART FOUR Acceptance, Compliance, Modification and Interpretation ARTICLE 23 ACCEPTANCE, COMPLIANCE AND MODIFICATION
23.1 Acceptance of the Code
23.1.1 The following entities shall be Signatories accepting the Code: WADA, The International Olympic Committee, International Federations, The International Paralympic Committee, National Olympic Committees, National Paralympic Committees, Major Event Organizations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations. These entities shall accept the Code by signing a declaration of acceptance upon approval by each of their respective governing bodies.
[Comment: Each accepting Signatory will separately sign an identical copy of the standard form common declaration of acceptance and deliver it to WADA.
The act of acceptance will be as authorized by the organic documents of each organization. For example, an International Federation by its Congress and WADA by its Foundation Board.]
23.1.2 Other sport organizations that may not be under the control of a Signatory may, upon WADA's invitation, also accept the Code.
[Comment: Those professional leagues that are not currently under the jurisdiction of any government or International Federation will be encouraged to accept the Code.]
23.1.3 A list of all acceptances will be made public by WADA.
23.2 Implementation of the Code
23.2.1 The Signatories shall implement applicable Code provisions through policies, statutes, rules or regulations according to their authority and within their relevant spheres of responsibility.
23.2.2 In implementing the Code, the Signatories are encouraged to use the Models of Best Practice recommended by WADA.
23.3 Acceptance and Implementation Deadlines
23.3.1 Signatories shall accept and implement the Code on or before the first day of the Athens Olympic Games.
23.3.2 The Code may be accepted after the above-referenced deadlines;
however, Signatories shall not be considered in compliance with the Code until they have accepted the Code (and that acceptance has not been withdrawn).
23.4 Monitoring Compliance with the Code
23.4.1 Compliance with the Code shall be monitored by WADA or as otherwise agreed by WADA.
23.4.2 To facilitate monitoring, each Signatory shall report to WADA on its compliance with the Code every second year and shall explain reasons for noncompliance.
23.4.3 WADA shall consider explanations for non-compliance and, in extraordinary situations, may recommend to the International Olympic Committee, International Paralympic Committee, International Federations, and Major Event Organizations that they provisionally excuse the non-compliance.
[Comment:
WADA recognizes that amongst Signatories and governments, there will be significant differences in anti-doping experience, resources, and the legal context in which anti-doping activities are carried out. In considering whether an organization is compliant, WADA will consider these differences.]
23.4.4 WADA shall, after dialogue with the subject organization, make reports on compliance to the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, International Federations, and Major Event Organizations. These reports shall also be made available to the public.
23.5 Consequences of Noncompliance with the Code
23.5.1 Noncompliance with the Code by either the government or National Olympic Committee of a country may result in consequences with respect to Olympic Games,
Paralympic Games, World Championships or the Events of Major Event Organizations as determined by the ruling body for each Event.
The imposition of such consequences may be appealed by the National Olympic Committee or government to CAS pursuant to Article 13.4.
23.6 Modification of the Code
23.6.1 WADA shall be responsible for overseeing the evolution and improvement of the Code. Athletes and all Signatories and governments shall be invited to participate in such process.
23.6.2 WADA shall initiate proposed amendments to the Code and shall ensure a consultative process to both receive and respond to recommendations and to facilitate review and feedback from Athletes, Signatories and governments on recommended amendments.
23.6.3 Amendments to the Code shall, after appropriate consultation, be approved by a two-thirds majority of the WADA -Foundation Board including a majority of both the public sector and Olympic Movement members casting votes. Amendments shall, unless provided otherwise, go into effect three months after such approval.
23.6.4 Signatories shall implement any applicable amendment to the Code within one year of approval by the WADA Foundation Board.
23.7 Withdrawal of Acceptance of the Code
23.7.1 Signatories may withdraw acceptance of the Code after providing WADA six-month's written notice of their intent to withdraw.
ARTICLE 24 INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE
24.1 The official text of the Code shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail.
24.2 The comments annotating various provisions of the Code are included to assist in the understanding and interpretation of the Code.
24.3 The Code shall be interpreted as an independent and autonomous text and not by reference to the existing law or statutes of the Signatories or governments.
24.4 The headings used for the various Parts and Articles of the Code are for convenience only and shall not be deemed part of the substance of the Code or to affect in any way the language of the provisions to which they refer.
24.5 The Code shall not apply retrospectively to matters pending before the date the Code is accepted by a Signatory and implemented in its rules.
[Comment: For example, conduct which is an anti-doping rule violation described in the Code, but which is not a violation under an International Federation's pre-Code rules, would not be a violation until the International Federation's rules are changed.
Pre-Code anti-doping rule violations would continue to count as "First violations" or "Second violations" for purposes of determining sanctions under Article 10 for subsequent post-Code violations.]
24.6 APPENDIX I DEFINITIONS shall be considered an integral part of the Code.
APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a laboratory or other approved Testing entity that identifies in a Specimen the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers (including elevated quantities of endogenous substances) or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.
Anti-Doping Organization: A Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organizations that conduct Testing at their Events, WADA, International Federations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.
Athlete:
For purposes of Doping Control, any Person who participates in sport at the international level (as defined by each International Federation) or national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization) and any additional Person who participates in sport at a lower level if designated by the Person's National Anti-Doping Organization. For purposes of anti-doping information and education, any Person who participates in sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting the Code.
[Comment: This definition makes it clear that all international and national-calibre athletes are subject to the anti-doping rules of the Code, with the precise definitions of international and national level sport to be set forth in the anti-doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations, respectively. At the national level, anti-doping rules adopted pursuant to the Code shall apply, at a minimum, to all persons on national teams and all persons qualified to compete
in any national championship in any sport. The definition also allows each National Anti-Doping Organization, if it chooses to do so, to expand its anti-doping control program beyond national-calibre athletes to athletes at lower levels of competition. Athletes at all levels of competition should receive the benefit of anti-doping information and education.] Athlete Support Personnel: Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical or para-medical personnel working with or treating Athletes participating in or preparing for sports competition.
Attempt: Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step In a course of conduct planned to culminate in the commission of an anti-doping rule violation. Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the Person renunciates the attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the Attempt.
Code: The World Anti-Doping Code.
Competition: A single race, match, game or singular athletic contest. For example, the finals of the Olympic 100-meter dash.
For stage races and other athletic contests where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis the distinction between a Competition and an Event will be as provided in the rules of the applicable International Federation.
Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations: An Athlete's or other Person's violation of an anti-doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete's results in a particular Competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.9; and (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing).
Disqualification: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations above.
Doping Control: The process including test distribution planning, Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, results management, hearings and appeals.
Event: A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games, FINA World Championships, or Pan American Games).
In-Competition:
For purposes of differentiating between
In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing, unless provided otherwise in the rules of an International Federation or other relevant Anti-Doping Organization, an In-Competition test is a test where an Athlete is selected for testing in connection with a specific Competition.
[Comment:
The distinction between "In-Competition" and "Out-of-Competition" testing is significant because the full Prohibited List is only tested for "In-Competition. " Prohibited stimulants, for example, are not tested for Out-of-Competition because they have no performance enhancing benefit unless they are in the Athlete's system while the Athlete is actually competing.
So long as the prohibited stimulant has cleared the Athlete's system at the time the Athlete competes, it makes no difference whether that stimulant could have been found in the Athlete's urine the day before or the day after the Competition.] Independent Observer Program: A team of observers, under the supervision of WADA, who observe the Doping Control process at certain Events and report on observations. If WADA is testing In-Competition at an Event, the observers shall be supervised by an independent organization.
Ineligibility: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations above.
International Event: An Event where the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event Organization, or another international sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event.
International-Level Athlete: Athletes designated by one or more International Federations as being within the Registered Testing Pool for an International Federation.
International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code. Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly.
Major Event Organizations: This term refers to the continental associations of National Olympic Committees and other international multi-sport organizations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other International Event.
Marker: A compound, group of compounds or biological parameters that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
Metabolite: Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.
Minor: A natural Person who has not reached the age of majority as
established by the applicable laws of his or her country of residence.
National Anti-Doping Organization: The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test results, and the conduct of hearings, all at the national level. If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country's National Olympic Committee or its designee.
National Event:
A sport Event involving international or national-level Athletes that is not an International Event.
National Olympic Committee: The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti-doping area.
No Advance Notice: A Doping Control which takes place with no advance warning to the Athlete and where the Athlete is continuously chaperoned from the moment of notification through Sample provision.
No Fault or Negligence: The Athlete's establishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
No Significant Fault or Negligence: The Athlete's establishing that his or her fault or negligence, when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence, was not significant in relationship to the anti-doping rule violation.
Out-of-Competition:
Any Doping Control which is not In-Competition.
Participant: Any Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel.
Person: A natural Person or an organization or other entity.
Possession: The actual, physical possession, or the constructive possession (which shall be found only if the person has exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance/Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/Method exists); provided, however, that if the person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance/Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/Method exists, constructive possession shall only be found if the person knew about the presence of the Prohibited
Substance/Method and intended to exercise control over it.
Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an anti-doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person no longer intends to have Possession and has renounced the Person's previous Possession.
[Comment: Under this definition, steroids found in an Athlete's car would, constitute a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, the Anti-Doping Organization must establish that, even though the Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athlete knew about the steroids and intended to have control over the steroids.
Similarly, in the example of steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete and spouse, the Anti-Doping Organization must establish that the Athlete knew the steroids were in the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over the steroids.] Prohibited List: The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.
Prohibited Method: Any method so described on the Prohibited List.
Prohibited Substance: Any substance so described on the Prohibited List.
Provisional Hearing: For purposes of Article 7.5, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing) that provides the Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.
Provisional Suspension: See Consequences above.
Publicy Disclose or Publicy Report: To disseminate or distribute information to the general public or persons beyond those persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14.
Registered Testing Pool:
The pool of top level Athletes established separately by each International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization who are subject to both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that International Federation's or Organization's test distribution plan.
[Comment: Each International Federation shall clearly define the specific criteria for inclusion of Athletes in its Registered Testing Pool. For example, the criteria could be a specified world ranking cut-off, a specified time standard, membership on a national team, etc.] Sample/Specimen: Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.
Signatories: Those entities signing the Code and agreeing to comply with the Code, including the International Olympic Committee, International Federations, International Paralympic Committee, National Olympic Committees, National Paralympic Committees, Major Event Organizations, National Anti-Doping Organizations, and WADA.
Tampering: Altering for an improper purpose or in an improper way;
bringing improper influence to bear; interfering improperly to alter results or prevent normal procedures from occurring.
Target Testing: Selection of Athletes for Testing where specific Athletes or groups of Athletes are selected on a non-random basis for Testing at a specified time.
Team Soort: A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition.
Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.
Trafficking: To sell, give, administer, transport, send, deliver or distribute a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method to an Athlete either directly or through one or more third parties, but excluding the sale or distribution (by medical personnel or by Persons other than an Athlete's Support Personnel) of a Prohibited Substance for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes.
Use: The application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.
The Worl Anti-Doping Code INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR LABORATORIES Version 4.0 August 2004 PREAMBLE The World Anti-Doping Code International Standard for Laboratories is a mandatory level 2 International Standard developed as part of the World Anti-Doping Program.
The basis for the International Standard for Laboratories is the relevant Sections in the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code. An
expert group, together with a WADA Laboratory Accreditation Committee, has prepared the document and drafts have been circulated for initial review and comment from all IOC accredited doping Laboratories and the IOC Sub-Commission on Doping and Biochemistry of Sport.
Version 1.0 of the International Standard for Laboratories was circulated to Signatories, governments and accredited laboratories for review and comments in November 2002. Version 2.0 was based on the comments and proposals received from these stakeholders.
All Signatories, governments and Laboratories were consulted and have had the opportunity to review and provide comments to version
2.0. This draft version 3.0 was presented for approval to the WADA Executive Committee on June 7th 2003.
The International Standard for Laboratories will come into effect on January 1st 2004.
Currently, Laboratories are accredited by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). As part of the transition of the program from existing IOC accreditation to WADA accreditation, accreditation bodies shall require the Laboratories to which they grant and maintain accreditation to comply with the requirements of the International Standard for Laboratories and ISO/IEC 17025 by January 1st, 2004.
For Laboratories moving from IOC to WADA accreditation (see Section 4.1.7), an internal audit before January 1st, 2004 shall be deemed compliant with the International Standard for Laboratories. The next ISO surveillance or reaccreditation audit conducted by the national accrediting body in 2004 shall document compliance with the International Standard for Laboratories.
Laboratories seeking initial WAOA accreditation shall have an on-site accreditation audit by their national accrediting body compliant with this standard before receiving WADA accreditation.
The official text of the International Standard for Laboratories shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail.
TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE: INTRODUCTION, CODE PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS. 4
1.0 Introduction, Scope and References ...................
4
2.0 Code Provisions .....................................
7
3.0 Terms and definitions ...............................
8
3.1 Code defined Terms...............................
8
3.2 Defined Terms from the International Standard for Laboratories........................
10 PART TWO: LABORATORY ACCREDITATION REQUIREMENTS AND OPERATING STANDARDS..............................
12
4.0 Requirements for WADA accreditation ..................
12
4.1 Initial WADA accreditation ......................
12
4.2 Maintaining WADA Accreditation ..................
13
4.3 Special Requirements for Major Events ...........
15
5.0 Application of ISO 17025 to the Analysis of Doping Control Samples ............................
16
5.1 Introduction and Scope .......................... 16
5.2 Analytical and Technical Processes .............. 17
5.3 Quality Management Processes ....................
25
5.4 Support processes................................
28
6.0 Process of WADA Accreditation ........................
37
6.1 Applying for a WADA Laboratory Accreditation ....
37
6.2 Preparing for WADA Laboratory Accreditation .....
38
6.3 Obtaining WADA Accreditation.....................
39
6.4 Maintaining WADA Accreditation ..................
40
6.5 Accreditation Requirements for Satellite Facilities for Major Events .....................
44
7.0 Requirements for supporting an Adverse Analytical Finding in the Adjudication Process ..................
46
7.1 Laboratory Documentation Package ................
46 PART THREE: ANNEXES .......................................
48 ANNEX A - WADA PROFICIENCY TESTING PROGRAM.................
48
1. Probationary period ..................................
48
2. Maintenance/Re-accreditation period ..................
48
3. Proficiency Test Sample Composition ..................
49
4. Evaluation of Proficiency Testing Results ............
50 ANNEX B - LABORATORY CODE OF ETHICS .......................
54
1. Confidentiality.......................................
54
2. Research .............................................
54
3. Testing ..............................................
54
4. Conduct Detrimental to the Anti-Doping Program .......
56 ANNEX C - LIST OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS .....................
57 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION, CODE PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS
1.0 Introduction, Scope and References The main purpose of the International Standard for Laboratories is to ensure laboratory production of valid test results and evidentiary data and to achieve uniform and harmonized results and reporting from all accredited Doping Control Laboratories.
The International Standard for Laboratories includes requirements for WADA accreditation of doping laboratories, operating standards for laboratory performance and description of the accreditation
process.
The International Standard for Laboratories, including all Annexes and Technical Documents, is mandatory for all Signatories to the Code.
The World Anti-Doping Program encompasses all of the elements needed in order to ensure optimal harmonization and best practice in international and national antidoping programs. The main elements are: the Code (Level 1), International Standards (Level 2), and Models of Best Practice (Level 3).
In the introduction to the World Anti-Doping Code (Code), the purpose and implementation of the International Standards are summarized as follows:
"International Standards for different technical and operational areas within the antidoping program will be developed in consultation with the Signatories and governments and approved by WADA. The purpose of the International Standards is harmonization among Anti-Doping Organizations responsible for specific technical and operational parts of the anti-doping programs. Adherence to the International Standards is mandatory for compliance with the Code. The International Standards may be revised from time to time by the WADA Executive Committee after reasonable consultation with the Signatories and governments. Unless provided otherwise in the Code, International Standards and all revisions shall become effective on the date specified in the International Standard or revision. " Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures covered by the International Standard were performed properly.
This document sets out the requirements for Doping Control Laboratories that wish to demonstrate that they are technically competent, operate an effective quality management system, and are able to produce forensically valid results. Doping Control Testing involves the detection, identification, and in some cases demonstration of the presence greater than a threshold concentration of drugs and other substances deemed to be prohibited by the list of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods (The Prohibited List) in human biological fluids or tissues.
The Laboratory accreditation framework consists of two main elements: Part Two of the standard: the Laboratory accreditation requirements and operating standards;
and Part Three: the Annexes and Technical Documents. Part Two describes the requirements necessary to obtain WADA recognition and the procedures involved to fulfill the requirements. It also contains an application of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard to the field
of Doping Control. The purpose of this section of the document is to facilitate consistent application and assessment of the ISO/IEC 17025 and the specific WADA requirements for Doping Control by accreditation bodies that operate in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide
58. The International Standard also sets forth the requirements for Doping Control Laboratories when adjudication results as a consequence of an Adverse Analytical Finding Part Three of the Standard includes all Annexes. Annex A describes the WADA Proficiency Testing Program, including performance criteria necessary to maintain good standing in proficiency testing. Annex B describes the ethical standards required for continued WADA recognition of the Laboratory. Annex C is a list of Technical Documents. Technical Documents are issued, modified, and deleted by WADA from time to time and provide direction to the Laboratories on specific technical issues. Once promulgated, Technical Documents become part of the International Standard for Laboratories. The incorporation of the provisions of the Technical Documents into the Laboratory's quality management system is mandatory for WADA accreditation.
In order to harmonize the accreditation of Laboratories to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 and the WADA-specific requirements for recognition, it is expected that national accreditation bodies will use this standard, including the annexes, as a reference document in their accreditation audit process.
Terms defined in the Code, which are included in this standard, are written in italics.
Terms, which are defined in this standard, are underlined.
References These following references were consulted in the development of this document. The specific requirements and concepts of these documents do not supersede or otherwise change the requirements stated in the International Standard for Laboratories A2LA, 2001. Proficiency Testing Requirement for Accredited Testing and Calibration Laboratories.
EA-03/04 (August 2001). Use of Proficiency Testing as a Tool for Accreditation in Testing Eurachem Proficiency Testing Mirror Group (2000). Selection, Use and Interpretation of Proficiency Testing (PT) Schemes by Laboratories.
Eurachem/CITAC Guide, 2nd Edition (2000) Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement.
European Union Decision 2002/657/EC Official Journal of the European Communities 17.8.2002; L 221: 8-36.
ISO/IEC 17025: 1999. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) Document G-7: 1996.
Accreditation Requirements and Operating Criteria for Horseracing Laboratories.
ILAC Document G-15:2001. Guidance for Accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025 ILAC Document G-17:2002. Introducing the Concept of Uncertainty of Measurement in Testing in Association with the Application of the Standard ISO/IEC 17025.
ILAC Document G-19:2002.
Guideline for Forensic Science Laboratories ILAC Document P-10:2002.
ILAC Policy on Traceability of Measurement Results.
National Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Standards Document C-43A, 2002 [ISBN 156238-475-9]. "Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Confirmation of Drugs; Approved Guideline." Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code (1999) Society of Forensic Toxicology and American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Toxicology Section, 2002 (Draft). Forensic Toxicology Laboratory Guidelines.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2001. Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs and Notice of Proposed Revisions (Federal Register 2001; 66: 43876-43882).
World Anti-Doping Code
2.0 Code Provisions The following articles in the Code directly address the International Standard for Laboratories:
Code Article 3.2Methods of Establishing Facts and Presumptions
3.2.1WADA-accredited Laboratories are presumed to have conducted Sample analysis and custodial procedures in accordance with the International Standard for laboratory analysis.
The Athlete may rebut this presumption by establishing that a departure from the International Standard occurred. If the Athlete rebuts the preceding presumption by showing that a departure from the International Standard occurred, then the Anti-Doping Organization shall have the burden to establish
that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical finding.
Code Article 6 Analysis of Samples Doping Control Samples shall be analyzed in accordance with the following principles:
6.1 Use of Approved Laboratories Doping Control Samples shall be analyzed only in WADA-accredited laboratories or as otherwise approved by WADA. The choice of the WADA accredited laboratory (or other method approved by WADA) used for the Sample analysis shall be determined exclusively by the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for results management.
[Comment: The phrase "or other method approved by WADA" is intended to cover, for example, mobile blood Testing procedures which WADA has reviewed and considers to be reliable.)
6.2 Substances Subject to Detection. Doping Control Samples shall be analyzed to detect Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods identified on the Prohibited List and other substances as may be directed by WADA pursuant to Article 4.5 (Monitoring Program).
6.3 Research on Samples. No Sample may be used for any purpose other than the detection of substances (or classes of substances) or methods on the Prohibited List, or as otherwise identified by WADA pursuant to Article 4.5 (Monitoring Program), without the Athlete's written consent.
6.4 Standards for Sample Analysis and Reporting. Laboratories shall analyze Doping Control Samples and report results in conformity with the International Standard for Laboratories analysis.
Code Article 13.5Appeals from Decisions Suspending or Revoking Laboratory Accreditation Decisions by WADA to suspend or revoke a Laboratory's WADA accreditation may be appealed only by that Laboratory with the appeal being exclusively to CAS.
Code Article 14.1 Information Concerning Adverse Analytical Findings and Other Potential Anti-Doping Rule Violations. An Athlete whose Sample has resulted in an Adverse Analytical Finding, or an Athlete or other Person who may have violated an anti-doping rule, shall be notified by the Anti-Doping Organization with results management responsibility as provided in Article 7 (Results Management). The Athlete's National Anti-Doping Organization and International Federation and WADA shall also be notified not later than the completion of the process described in Articles 7.1 and 7.2.
Notification shall include: the Athlete's name, country, sport and discipline within the sport, whether the test was In-Competition or Out-of-Competition, the date of Sample collection and the analytical result reported by the laboratory. The same Persons and Anti-Doping Organizations shall be regularly updated on the status and findings of any review or proceedings conducted pursuant to Arteles 7 (Results Management), 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing) or 13 (Appeals), and, in any case in which the period of Ineligibility
is eliminated under Article 10.5.1 (No Fault or Negligence), or reduced under Article 10.5.2 (No Significant Fault or Negligence), shall be provided with a written reasoned decision explaining the basis for the elimination or reduction.
The recipient organizations shall not disclose this information beyond those Persons within the organization with a need to know until the Anti-Doping Organization with results management responsibility has made public disclosure or has failed to make public disclosure as required in Article 14.2.
3.0 Terms and definitions
3.1 Code defined Terms Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a Laborato ry or other approved Testing entity that identifies in a Specimen the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers (including elevated quantities of endogenous substances) or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.
Anti-Doping Organization: A Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for, initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, Major Event Organizations that conduct Testing at their Events, WADA, International Federations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.
Athlete:
For purposes of Doping Control, any Person who participates in sport at the International level (as defined by each International Federation) or national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization) and any additional Person who participates in sport at a lower level if designated by the Person's National Anti Doping Organization. For purposes of anti-doping information and education, any Person who participates in sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting the Code.
Code: The World Anti-Doping Code.
Doping Control: The process including test distribution planning, Sample collection and handling, Laboratory analysis, results management, hearings and appeals.
Event: A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games, FINA World Championships, or Pan American Games).
In-competition:
For purposes of differentiating between In-competition and Out of-Competition Testing, unless provided otherwise in the rules of an International Federation or other relevant Anti-Doping Organization, an In-Competition test is a test where an Athlete is drawn for Testing in connection with a specific Competition.
International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code.
Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures covered by the International Standard were performed properly.
Marker: A compound, group of compounds or biological parameters that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
Metabolite: Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.
National Anti-Doping Organization: The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement antidoping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test results, and the conduct of hearings, all at the national level. If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country's National Olympic Committee or its designee.
National Olympic Committee: The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti-doping area.
Out-of-Competition:
Any Doping Control which is not In-competition.
Person: A natural person or an organization or other entity.
Prohibited List: The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.
Prohibited Method: Any method so described on the Prohibited List.
Prohibited Substance: Any substance so described on the Prohibited List.
Publicly Disclose or Publicly Report: To disseminate or distribute information to the general public or Persons beyond those Persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14.
Sample/Specimen: Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.
Signatories: Those entities signing the Code and agreeing to comply with the Code, including the International Olympic Committee, International Federations, International Paralympic
Committee, National Olympic Committees, National Paralympic Committees, Major Event Organizations, National Anti-Doping Organizations, and WADA.
Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the Laboratory .
Use: The application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.
3.2. Defined Terms from the International Standard for Laboratories Aliquot: A portion of the Sample of biological fluid or tissue (e.g., urine, blood, etc.) obtained from the Athlete used in the testing process.
Certified Reference Material: Reference Material, accompanied by a certificate, one or more whose property values are certified by a procedure which establishes its traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which the property values are expressed, and for which each certified value is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level of confidence.
Confirmation Procedure: An analytical test procedure whose purpose is to identify the presence of a specific Prohibited Substance in a Sample. [Comment: A Confirmation Procedure may also indicate a quantity of Prohibited Substance greater than a threshold value or quantify the amount of a Prohibited Substance in a Sample.] Flexible Accreditation: Approval for a Laboratorv to make restricted modifications in the scope of the accreditation without the involvement of the national accreditation body before the modifications are implemented Intermediate Precision. sz.t: Variation in results observed when one or more factors, such as time, equipment, and operator are varied within a Laboratory with i denoting the number of factors varied.
Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody: Documentation of the sequence of Persons in possession of the Sample and any portions of the Sample taken for Testing.
[Comment: Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody is generally documented by a written record of the date, location, action taken, and the individual performing an action with a Sample or Aliquot.) Laboratory: An accredited laboratory applying test methods and processes to provide evidentiary data for the detection and, if applicable, quantification of a Threshold Substance on the
Prohibited List in urine and other biological Samples.
Laboratory Documentation Packages: The material produced by the Laboratory to support the finding of an Adverse Analytical Finding as set forth in the WADA Technical Document for Laboratory Documentation Packages.
Minimum Required Performance Limit:
A concentration of a Prohibited Substance or Metabolite of a Prohibited Substance or Marker of a Prohibited Substance or Method that a doping Laboratory is expected to reliably detect in the routine daily operation of the Laboratory. See Technical Document Minimum Required Performance Limits for Detection of Prohibited Substances.
Non-threshold Substance: A substance listed on the Prohibited List for which the documentable detection of any amount is considered an anti-doping rule violation.
Presumptive Analytical Finding: The status of a Sample test result for which there is an adverse screening test, but a confirmation test has not been performed.
Reference Collection: A collection of samples of known origin that may be used in the determination of the identity of an unknown substance. For example, a well characterized sample obtained from a verified administration study in which scientific documentation of the identity of Metabolite(s) can be demonstrated.
Reference Material: Material or substance one or more of whose properties are sufficiently homogeneous and well established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement method or for assigning values to materials.
Repeatability. sr: Variability observed within a laboratory, over a short time, using a single operator, item of equipment, etc.
Reproducibility.
sR.:
Variability obtained when different laboratories analyze the same Sample.
Revocation: The permanent withdrawal of a Laboratory's WADA accreditation.
Screening Procedure: An analytical test procedure whose purpose is to identify those Samples which are suspicious with respect to containing a Prohibited Substance or Metabolite or Marker of a Prohibited Method and which require additional confirmation testing.
Split Sample: Division of a Sample taken for testing into two portions at collection, usually designated "A" and "B." Suspension: The temporary withdrawal of a Laboratory's WADA accreditation.
Testing Authority: The International Olympic Committee, World Anti-Doping Agency, International Federation, National Sport Organization, National Anti-Doping Organization, National Olympic Committee, Major Event Organization, or other authority defined by the Code responsible for Sample collection and transport either In-Competition or Out-of-Competition and/or for management of the test result.
Threshold Substance: A substance listed in the Prohibited List for which the detection of an amount in excess of a stated threshold is considered en Adverse Analytical Finding.
PART TWO: LABORATORY ACCREDITATION REQUIREMENTS AND OPERATING STANDARDS
4.0 Requirements for WADA accreditation
4.1 Initial WADA accreditation This section describes the specific requirements for the initial WADA accreditation of the laboratory. All the requirements must be fulfilled in order to obtain an initial WADA accreditation. For some of the requirements, the laboratory has to demonstrate compliance during the probationary period and for other requirements compliance will be checked and controlled based on an accreditation audit (ref. 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3).
4.1.1ISO/IEC 17025 The laboratory shall be accredited by a relevant national accreditation body according to ISO/IEC 17025 with primary reference to the interpretations and applications of the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements as they are described in Application of ISO/IEC 17025 to the Analysis of Doping Control Samples (Section 5). The ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation must be obtained before the initial WADA accreditation will be given.
4.1.2Letter of support The laboratory shall provide an official letter of support from the relevant national public authority responsible for the national anti-doping program, if any, or a similar letter of support from the National Olympic Committee or National Anti-Doping Organization. The letter of support shall contain as a minimum:
Guarantee of sufficient financial support annually for a minimum of 3 years
Guarantee of sufficient numbers of Samples annually for 3 years
Guarantee of provision of necessary analytical facilities and instrumentation, where applicable In addition, any explanation of exceptional circumstances shall be given due consideration by WADA. The three year letter of support
does not in any way require exclusive support for only one laboratory.
Letters of support from international sport organizations such as International Federations could also be provided in addition to the above mentioned letters.
If the laboratory as an organization is linked to host organizations, (e.g. universities, hospitals...) an official letter of support from the host organizations shall be provided which should include the following information:
Documentation of the administrative support for the laboratory
Financial support for the laboratory, if relevant
Support for the research and development activities
Guarantee of provision of necessary analytical facilities and instrumentation
4.1.3Code of Ethics The laboratory shall sign and comply with the provision in the Code of Ethics (Annex B) which are relevant for a laboratory in the probationary period.
4.1.4Proficiency testing program During the probationary period the laboratory shall successfully analyze at a minimum four sets of proficiency testing samples containing at a minimum five samples per set.
The final accreditation test shall assess both the scientific competence and the capability of the laboratory to manage multiple Samples.
4.1.5Sharing of knowledge The laboratory shall demonstrate during the probationary period its willingness and ability to share knowledge with other WADA Accredited Laboratories. A description of this sharing is provided in the Code of Ethics (Annex B).
4.1.6Research The laboratory shall demonstrate in its budget an allocation to research and development activities in the field of Doping Control of at least 7% of the annual budget for the initial 3-year period.
The research activities can either be conducted by the laboratory or in cooperation with other WADA-accredited Laboratories or other research organizations.
4.1.7Initial accreditation of Laboratories holding IOC accreditation Laboratories accredited by the IOC in 2003 and which successfully complete the joint 2003 IOC/WADA re-accreditation test and at a minimum conduct an internal audit against Section 5 of the Internal Standard for Laboratories will receive WADA accreditation
in 2004. The International Standards for Laboratories requirements will be fully in effect on January 1st, 2004. Laboratories that are downgraded or fail the 2003 IOC/WADA re-accreditation test will have their accreditation suspended or revoked by WADA in accordance with Section 6.4.8.
Laboratories which have applied for, but have not received, IOC accreditation will complete their probationary period under the International Standards for Laboratories.
4.2 Maintaining WADA Accreditation This section describes the specific requirements for a WADA re-accreditation of the Laboratory
4.2.1ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation The Laboratory shall document a valid accreditation from the national accreditation body according to ISO/IEC 17025 with primary reference to the interpretations and applications of the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements as described in the Application of ISO/IEC 17025 to Analysis of Doping Control Samples (Section 5).
4.2.2Flexible Accreditation WADA accredited Laboratories may add or modify scientific methods or add analytes without the need for approval by the body that completed the ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation of that Laboratory. Any analytical method or procedure must be properly selected and validated and included in the scope of the Laboratory at the next ISO audit if the method is used for analysis of Doping Control Samples.
4.2.3Letter of support The Laboratory shall provide a renewed official letter of support from the relevant national public authority responsible for the national anti-doping program, if any, or a similar letter of support from the National Olympic Committee or National Anti Doping Organization in years in which the Laboratory undergoes an ISO reaccreditation audit. The renewed letter of support shall contain as a minimum:
Guarantee of sufficient financial support annually for a minimum of 3 years
Guarantee of sufficient numbers of Samples annually
Guarantee of provision of necessary analytical facilities and instrumentation, where applicable Any explanation of exceptional circumstances shall be given due consideration by WADA. The letter of support does not in any way require exclusive support for only one Laboratory.
Letters of support from international sport organizations such as International Federations could also be provided in addition to the above mentioned letters.
If the Laboratory as an organization i5 linked to host organizations (e.g. university, hospital ...), an official letter
of support from the host organizations shall be renewed for each year in which the Laboratory undergoes a ISO re-accreditation audit and shall include the following information:
Documentation of the administrative support for the Laboratory
Financial support for the Laboratory, if relevant
Guarantee of provision of necessary analytical facilities and instrumentation
Support for the research activities
4.2.4Minimum number of testing Samples The Laboratory shall periodically provide, at the request of WADA a report documenting all test results reported in a format to be specified by WADA.
In order to maintain proficiency, WADA-accredited Laboratories are required to analyze a minimum of 1500 Doping Control Samples per year that are provided by a Testing Authority. If the Laboratory fails to analyze this number of Samples, accreditation will be suspended or revoked, dependent on the circumstances.
4.2.5Proficiency testing program The Laboratories are required to successfully participate in the WADA Proficiency Testing program. The program is described in more detail in Annex A.
4.2.6Reporting The Laboratory shall simultaneously report to WADA and the relevant International Federation all Adverse Analytical Findings that have been reported to a Testing Authority. All reporting shall be in accord with the confidentiality requirements of the Code.
4.2.7Code of Ethics The Laboratory shall provide documentation of compliance with the provisions of the Code of Ethics (Annex B) relevant for a WADA accredited Laboratory. The Laboratory Director shall send a letter of compliance to WADA every year.
4.2.8Sharing of knowledge The Laboratory shall demonstrate their willingness and ability to share knowledge with other WADA Accredited Laboratories. A description of this sharing is provided in the Code of Ethics (Annex B).
4.2.9Research The Laboratory shall maintain an updated 3-year plan for research and development in the field of Doping Control, including an annual budget in this area.
The Laboratory should document the publication of results of the research in relevant scientific papers in the peer-reviewed literature. These documents shall be made available to WADA upon
request. The Laboratory may also demonstrate a research program by documenting successful or pending applications for research grants.
4.3 Special Requirements for Major Events The Laboratory support for the Olympic Games and other major Events may be such that the accredited Laboratory facilities are not adequate. This may require relocation of the Laboratory to a new facility, the addition of personnel, or the acquisition of additional equipment.
The Laboratory Director of the WADA-accredited Laboratory designated to perform the testing shall be responsible to ensure that the quality management system is maintained.
4.3.1Satellite facility of an accredited Laboratory If the Laboratory is required to move or extend its operation temporarily to a new physical location, the Laboratory must demonstrate a valid ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation with primary compliance with the Application of ISO/IEC 17025 to the Analysis of Doping Control Samples for the new facility ("satellite facility").
Any methods or equipment unique to the satellite facility must be validated prior to the satellite facility accreditation audit. Any changes to methods or other procedures in the quality manual must also be validated prior to the audit.
4.3.2Personnel The Laboratory shall report to WADA any senior personnel (e.g., certifying scientists, quality system management staff, supervisors, etc.) tempo rarily working in the Laboratory. The Laboratory Director shall ensure that these personnel are adequately trained in the methods, policies, and procedures of the Laboratory.
Particular emphasis should be given to the Code of Ethics and the confidentiality of the results management process. Adequate documentation of training of these temporary employees should be maintained by the Laboratory.
4.3.3Proficiency testing WADA may, at its sole discretion, submit proficiency testing samples to the Laboratory for analysis. The samples shall be analyzed by the same methods used in the testing of Samples from a Testing Authority. These samples may be part of the ISO/IEC 17025 audit in conjunction with the national accrediting body.
Failure(s) to successfully complete the proficiency test will be considered by WADA in deciding whether to accredit the Laboratory.
In the event of an unacceptable report, the Laboratory shall document the changes instituted to remedy the failure.
The proficiency testing process should include any additional personnel that are added to the staff for the major Event. The samples should be analyzed using the protocols and procedures that
will be used for analysis of Samples for the Event.
4.3.4Reporting The Laboratory shall document that the reporting of test results maintains confidentiality.
5.0 Application of ISO 17025 to the Analysis of Doping Control Samples
5.1 Introduction and Scope This section of the document is intended as an application as described in Annex B.4 (Guidelines for establishing applications for specific fields) of ISO/IEC 17025 for the field of Doping Control. Any aspect of testing or management not specifically discussed in this document shall be governed by ISO/IEC 17025 and, where applicable, by ISO 9001. The application focuses on the specific parts of the processes that are critical with regard to the quality of the laboratory's performance as a Doping Control Laboratory. These processes have been determined to be critical to the defined ISO 17025 criteria and are therefore determined to be significant in the evaluation and accreditation process.
This section introduces the specific performance standards for a Doping Control Laboratory. The conduct of testing is considered a process within the definitions of ISO 9001. Performance standards are defined according to a process model where the Doping Control Laboratory practice is structured into three main categories of processes:
Analytical and technical processes
Management processes
Support processes Wherever possible, the application will follow the format of the ISO 17025 document.
The concepts of the quality management system, continuous improvement, and customer satisfaction included in ISO 9001 have been included.
5.2 Analytical and Technical Processes
5.2.1Receipt of Samples
5.2.1.1 Samples may be received by any method authorized by the International Standard for Testing.
5.2.1.2 The transport container shall first be inspected and any irregularities recorded.
5.2.1.3 The name and signature (or other means of identification and recording) of the Person delivering or transferring custody of the shipped Samples, the date, the time of receipt, and the name and signature of the
Laboratory representative receiving the Samples, shall be documented as part of the Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody record.
5.2.2Handling of Samples
5.2.2.1 The Laboratory shall have a system to uniquely identify the Samples and associate each Sample with the collection document or other external chain of custody.
5.2.2.2 The Laboratory shall have Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody procedures to maintain control of and accountability for Samples from receipt through final disposition of the Samples. The procedures must incorporate the concepts presented in the WADA Technical Document for Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody (Annex C).
5.2.2.3 The Laboratory shall observe and document conditions that exist at the time of receipt that may impact on the integrity of a Sample report. For example, irregularities noted by the Laboratory should include, but are not limited to:
Sample tampering is evident.
Sample is not sealed with tamper-resistant device or seal upon receipt.
Sample is without a collection form (including Sample identification code) or a blank form is received with the Sample.
Sample identification is unacceptable.
For example, the number on the bottle does not match the Sample identification number on the form.
Sample volume is extremely low
5.2.2.4 The Laboratory should notify and seek advice from the Testing Authority regarding rejection and testing of Samples for which irregularities are noted.
5.2.2.5 The Laboratory shall retain the A and B Sample(s) for a minimum of three (3) months after the Testing Authority receives a negative report.
The Samples shall be retained frozen under appropriate conditions.
Samples with irregularities shall be held frozen for a minimum of three (3) months following the report to the Testing Authority.
5.2.2.6 The Laboratory shall retain the Sample(s) with an Adverse Analytical Finding for a minimum of three (3) months after the Testing
Authority receives the final analytical (A or B Sample) report. The Sample shall be stored frozen under appropriate conditions during the long term storage.
5.2.2.7 If the Laboratory has been informed by the Testing Authority that the analysis of a Sample is challenged or disputed, the Sample shall be retained frozen under appropriate conditions and all the records pertaining to the Testing of that Sample shall be stored until completion of any challenges.
5.2.2.8 The Laboratory shall maintain a policy pertaining to retention, release and disposal of Samples or Aliquots.
5.2.2.9 The Laboratory shall maintain custody information on the transfer of Samples, or portions thereof to another Laboratory.
5.2.3Sampling and Preparation of Aliquots for Testing
5.2.3.1 The Laboratory shall maintain Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody procedures for control of and accountability for all Aliquots from preparation through disposal.
The procedures must incorporate the concepts presented in the WADA Technical Document for Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody.
5.2.3.2 Before the initial opening of a Sample bottle, the device used to ensure integrity of the Sample (e.g., security tape or a bottle sealing system) shall be inspected and the integrity documented.
5.2.3.3 The Aliquot preparation procedure for any Screening Procedure or Confirmation Procedure shall ensure that no risk of contamination of the Sample or Aliquot exists.
5.2.4Testing
5.2.4.1 Urine integrity testing
5.2.4.1.1 The Laboratory must have a written policy establishing the procedures and criteria for Sample integrity tests.
5.2.4.1.2 The Laboratory should note any unusual condition of the urine - for example:
color, odor, or foam.
Any unusual conditions should be recorded and included as part of the report to the Testing Authority.
5.2.4.1.3 The Laboratory shall test for the pH and specific gravity as urine integrity parameters on the "A" Sample. Other tests may be performed if requested by
the Testing Authority and approved by WADA
5.2.4.2 Urine screen testing
5.2.4.2.1 The Screening Procedure(s) shall detect the Prohibited Substance(s) or Metabolite(s) of Prohibited Substance(s), or Marker(s) of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Method for all substances listed in the Out-of-Competition or In-competition Section of the Prohibited List as appropriate for which there is a WADA-accepted screening method. WADA may make specific exceptions to this section.
5.2.4.2.2 The Screening Procedure shall be performed with a WADA-accepted validated method that is appropriate for the substance or method being tested. The criteria for accepting a screening result and allowing the testing of the Sample to proceed must be scientifically valid.
5.2.4.2.3 All screening assays shall include negative and positive controls in addition to the Samples being tested.
5.2.4.2.4 For analytes that must exceed a threshold for reporting as an Adverse Analytical Finding, appropriate controls shall be included in the screening assay.
Screening Procedures for Threshold Substances are not required to meet quantitative or uncertainty requirements.
5.2.4.3 Urine confirmation testing All Confirmation Procedures must be documented and meet applicable uncertainty requirements. The objective of a Confirmation Procedure is to ensure the identification and/or quantification and to exclude any technical deficiency in the Screening Procedure.
Since the objective of the confirmation assay is to accumulate additional information regarding an adverse finding, a Confirmation Procedure should have greater selectivity/discrimination than a Screening Procedure.
5.2.4.3.1 "A" Sample Confirmation
5.2.4.3.1.1 Presumptive identification
from a Screening Procedure of a Prohibited Substance, Metabolite(s) of a Prohibited Substance, or Marker(s) of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Method must be confirmed using a second Aliquot(s) taken from the original "A" Sample.
5.2.4.3.1.2 Mass spectrometry coupled to either gas or liquid chromatography is the method of choice for confirmation of Prohibited Substances, Me tabolite(s) of a Prohibited Substance, or Marker(s) of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Method. GC/MS or HPLC/MS are acceptable for both Screening Procedures and Confirmation Procedures for a specific analyte.
5.2.4.3.1.3 Immunoassay for confirmation of prohibited proteins, peptides, mimetics, and analogues or Marker(s) of their Use is permitted. The immunoassay used for confirmation must use a procedure with a different antibody that should recognise a different epitope of the peptide/protein than the assay used for screening.
5.2.4.3.1.4 The Laboratory must have a policy to define those circumstances where the confirmation testing of an "A" Sample may be repeated (e.g., batch quality control failure).
Each repeat confirmation must be documented and be completed on a new Aliquot of the "A" Sample.
5.2.4.3.1.5 The Laboratory is not required to confirm every Prohibited Substance that is identified by the Screening Procedures.
The decision on the
prioritization on order of confirmation(s) should be made in cooperation with the Testing Authority and the decision documented.
In addition, no Certificate of Analysis or final written Test
a Presumptive Analytical Finding shall be issued.
5.2.4.3.2 "B" Sample Confirmation
5.2.4.3.2.1 In those cases where confirmation of a Prohibited Substance, Metabolite(s) of a Prohibited Substance, or Marker(s) of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Method is requested in the "B" Sample, the "B" Sample analysis should occur as soon as possible and should be completed within thirty (30) days of notification of an "A" Sample Adverse Analytical Finding.
5.2.4.3.2.2 The "B" Sample confirmation must be performed in the same Laboratory as the "A" Sample confirmation.
A different analyst must perform the "B" analytical procedure. The same individual(s) that performed the "A" analysis may perform instrumental set up and performance checks and verify results.
5.2.4.3.2.3 The B Sample result must confirm the A Sample Identification for the Adverse Analytical Finding to be valid. The mean value for the 6 Sample finding for Threshold Substances is required to exceed that threshold including consideration of uncertainty.
5.2.4.3.2.4 The Athlete and/or a representative, a representative of the entity responsible for Sample
collection or results management, a representative of the National Olympic Committee, National Sport Federation, International Federation, and a translator shall be authorized to attend the "6" confirmation.
In the absence of all of the above persons, the Testing Authority or the Laboratory shall appoint a surrogate (independent witness) to verify that the "6" Sample container shows no signs of tampering and that the identifying numbers match that on the collection documentation.
The Laboratory Director may limit the number of individuals in Controlled Zones of the Laboratory based on safety or security considerations.
The Laboratory Director may remove, or have removed by proper authority, any Athlete or representative that is interfering in the testing process.
Any behavior resulting in removal should be reported to the Testing Authority and may be considered anti-doping rule violation in accordance with Article
2.5 of the Code, "Tampering, or Attempting to tamper, with any part of Doping Control".
5.2.4.3.2.5 Aliquots taken for analysis must be taken from the original "B" Sample.
5.2.4.3.2.6 The Laboratory must have a policy to define those circumstances when confirmation testing of the "B" Sample may be repeated.
Each repeat confirmation
should be performed on a new Aliquot of the "B" Sample.
5.2.4.3.2.7 If the "B" Sample confirmation does not provide analytical findings that confirm the "A" Sample result, the Sample shall be considered negative and the Testing Authority notified of the new analytical finding.
5.2.4.4 Alternative biological matrices screening and confirmatory testing
5.2.4.4.1 Unless otherwise defined, this application applies only to the analysis of urine Samples. Blood, plasma, and serum are acceptable matrices for testing in certain circumstances.
Specific requirements for the testing of these matrices are not included in the scope of this document and will be promulgated separately.
5.2.4.4.2 Any testing results of hair, nails, oral fluid or other biological material shall not be used to counter Adverse Analytical Findings from urine.
5.2.5Results Management
5.2.5.1 Review of results
5.2.5.1.1 A minimum of two certifying scientists must independently review all Adverse Analytical Findings before a report is issued. The review process shall be documented.
5.2.5.1.2 At a minimum, the review shall include:
Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody documentation
Urine integrity data
Validity of the analytical screening and confirmation data and calculations
Quality control data
Completeness of documentation supporting the reported analytical findings
5.2.5.1.3 When an Adverse Analytical Finding is rejected, the reason(s) must be
documented.
5.2.6Documentation and Reporting
5.2.6.1 The Laboratory must have documented procedures to ensure that it maintains a coordinated record related to each Sample analyzed.
In the case of an Adverse Analytical Finding, the record must Include the data necessary to support the conclusions reported (as set forth in the Technical Document, Laboratory Documentation Packages) In general, the record should be such that in the absence of the analyst, another competent analyst could evaluate what tests had been performed and interpret the data.
5.2.6.2 Each step of testing shall be traceable to the staff member who performed that step.
5.2.6.3 Significant variance from the written procedure shall be documented as part of the record (e.g., memorandum for the record).
5.2.6.4 Where instrumental analyses are conducted, the operating parameters for each run shall be recorded.
5.2.6.5 Reporting of "All Sample results should occur within ten (10) working days of receipt of the Sample. The reporting time required for specific competitions may be substantially less than ten days. The reporting time may be modified by agreement between the Laboratory and the Testing Authority .
5.2.6.6 The Laboratory Certificate of Analysis or Test Report shall include, in addition to the items stipulated in ISO 17025, the following:
Sample identification number
Laboratory identification number (if any)
Status of test (Out of competition/ In-competition)
Name of competition and/or sport
Date of receipt of Sample
Date of report
Type of sample (urine, blood, etc.)
Test results
Signature of certifying individual
Other information as specified by the Testing Authority.
5.2.6.7 The Laboratory is not required to measure or report a concentration for Prohibited Substances for a non-threshold analyte. The Laboratory should report the actual Prohibited Substance(s), Metabolite(s) or the Prohibited Substance(s) or Method(s), or Marker(s) detected in the Sample.
5.2.6.8 For Threshold Substances, the Laboratory report should establish that the Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite(s) or Marker(s) of a Prohibited Method is present at a concentration greater than the threshold concentration taking into consideration the uncertainty in concluding that the concentration in the Sample exceeds the threshold. The estimate of uncertainty should not be included on the Certificate of Analysis or Test Report but must be included in Laboratory Documentation Packages.
5.2.6.9 The Laboratory shall have a policy regarding the provision of opinions and interpretation of data. An opinion or interpretation may be included in the Certificate of Analysis or Test Report provided that the opinion or interpretation is clearly identified as such.
The basis upon which the opinion has been made shall be documented.
Note:
An opinion or interpretation may include, but not be limited to, recommendations on how to use results, information related to the pharmacology, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of a substance, and whether an observed result is consistent with a set of reported conditions.
5.2.6.10 In addition to reporting to the Testing Authority, the Laboratory shall simultaneously report any Adverse Analytical Findings to WADA and the responsible International Federation. In the case where the sport or Event is not associated with an International Federation (e.g., college sports) or the Athletes are not members of an International Federation, the Laboratory is required to report Adverse Analytical Findings only to WADA. All reporting shall be in accord with the confidentiality requirements of the Code.
5.2.6.11 The Laboratory shall report quarterly to WADA, in a format specified by WADA , a
summary of the results of all tests performed. No information that could link an Athlete with an individual result will be included. The report will include a summary of any Samples rejected for testing and the reason for the rejection.
When the clearinghouse is in place, the Laboratory shall simultaneously report to WADA all information reported to the Testing Authority, according to the requirements listed in Section 5.2.6.6, in lieu of the paragraph above. The information will be used to generate summary reports.
5.2.6.12 Laboratory Documentation Packages shall contain material specified in the WADA Technical Document on Laboratory Documentation Packages.
5.2.6.13 Athlete confidentiality is a key concern for all Laboratories engaged in Doping Control cases.
Confidentiality requires extra safeguards given the sensitive nature of these tests.
5.2.6.13.1Testing Authority requests for information must be made in writing to the Laboratories.
5.2.6.13.2Adverse Analytical Findings shall not be provided by telephone.
5.2.6.13.3Information sent by a facsimile is acceptable if the security of the receiving facsimile machine has been verified and procedures are in place to ensure that the facsimile has been transmitted to the correct facsimile number.
5.2.6.13.4Unencrypted email is not authorized for any reporting or discussion of Adverse Analytical Findings if the Athlete can be identified or if any information regarding the identity of the Athlete is included.
The Laboratory shall also provide any information requested by WADA in conjunction with the Monitoring Program, as set forth in Article
4.5 of the Code.
5.3 Quality Management Processes
5.3.1Organization
5.3.1.1Within the framework of ISO/IEC 17025, the Laboratory shall be considered a testing laboratory (and not a calibration laboratory).
5.3.1.2The Laboratory (Scientific) Director shall have the responsibilities of the Chief Executive, unless otherwise noted.
5.3.2Quality Policy and Objectives
5.3.2.1The Quality Policy and implementation shall meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 Section 4.2 Quality Management System and shall include a quality manual that describes the quality system.
5.3.2.2A single staff member should be appointed as the Quality Manager and should have responsibility and authority to implement and ensure compliance with the quality system.
5.3.3Document Control The control of documents that make up the Quality Management System shall meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 Section
4.3 Document Control
5.3.3.1The Laboratory Director (or designee) shall approve the Quality Manual and all other documents used by staff members in completing testing.
5.3.3.2The Quality Management System shall ensure that the contents of WADA Technical Documents are incorporated into the appropriate manuals by the effective date and that training is provided and documented. If this is not possible, WADA should be contacted with a written request for an extension.
5.3.4Review of requests, tenders, and contracts Review of legal documents or agreements related to testing must meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 Section 4.4.
The Laboratory shall ensure that the Testing Authority is informed concerning the tests that can be performed on Samples submitted for analysis.
5.3.5Subcontracting of tests
A WADA-accredited Laboratory must perform all work with its own personnel and equipment within its accredited facility. In the case of specific technologies that may not be available in the Laboratory (e.g., GC/C/IRMS, Isoelectric focusing [EPO/NESP]), a Sample may be transferred to another WADA-accredited Laboratory in which the technology is within the scope of analysis.
In exceptional circumstances, WADA may elect to grant specific authorization for subcontracting part of the tasks. In such cases, assurance of maintaining the level of quality and the appropriate chain of custody throughout the entire process is the responsibility of the Laboratory Director of the WADA-accredited Laboratory.
5.3.6Purchasing of services and supplies
5.3.6.1Chemicals and reagents Chemicals and reagents must be suitable for the purpose and be of established purity.
Reference purity documentation must be obtained when available and retained in the quality system documents.
In the case of rare or difficult to obtain reagents, Reference Materials, or Reference Collections, particularly for use in qualitative methods, the expiration date of the solution can be extended if adequate documentation exists that no significant deterioration has occurred.
5.3.6.2Waste disposal shall be in accord with national laws and other relevant regulations. This includes biohazard materials, chemicals, controlled substances, and radioisotopes, if used.
5.3.6.3Environmental health and safety policies should be in place to protect the staff, the public, and the environment.
5.3.7Service to the client
5.3.7.1Service to clients shall be handled in accord with ISO/IEC 17025 Section 4.7.
5.3.7.2Ensuring responsiveness to WADA The Laboratory Director or his designee must:
Ensure adequate communication.
.Report to WADA any unusual circumstances or information with regard to testing programs, patterns of irregularities in Specimens, or potential Use of new substances.
.Provide complete and timely explanatory
information to WADA as appropriate and as requested to provide quality accreditation.
5.3.7.3 Ensuring Testing Authority focus
5.3.7.3.1The Laboratory Director shall be familiar with the Testing Authority rules and the Prohibited List.
5.3.7.3.2The Laboratory Director should interact with the Testing Authority with respect to specific timing, report information, or other support needs.
These interactions should include, but are not limited to, the following:
.Communicate with the Testing Authority concerning any significant question of testing needs or any unusual circumstance In the testing process (including delays in reporting).
.Act without bias regarding the national affiliation of the Testing Authority.
.Provide complete and timely explanations to the Testing Authority when requested or when there is a potential for misunderstanding the Test Report or Certificate of Analysis.
.Provide evidence and/or expert testimony on any test result or report produced by the Laboratory as required in administrative, arbitration, or legal proceedings.
.Respond to any comment or complaint submitted by a Testing Authority or Anti-Doping Organization concerning the Laboratory and its operation.
5.3.7.3.3The Laboratory shall monitor Testing Authority satisfaction. There should be documentation that the Testing Authority concerns have been incorporated into the Laboratory Quality Management System, where appropriate.
5.3.7.3.4The Laboratory shall develop a system, as required by ISO 17025, for monitoring key indicators of Laboratory service.
5.3.8Complaints Complaints shall be handled in accord with ISO/IEC 17025 Section
4.8.
5.3.9Control of nonconforming testing work
5.3.9.1The Laboratory shall have policies and procedures that shall be implemented when any aspect of its testing or a result from its testing does not comply to set procedures.
5.3.9.2Documentation of any non-compliance or deviation from procedure or protocol involving a Sample testing shall be kept as part of the permanent record of that Sample.
5.3.10Corrective action Corrective action shall be taken in accord with ISO/IEC 17025 Section 4.10.
5.3.11Preventive action Preventive action shall be taken in accord with ISO/IEC 17025 Section 4.11.
5.3.12 Control of records
5.3.12.1 Technical Records
5.3.12.1.1Analytical records on negative Samples, including Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody documentation and medical information (T/E ratio, steroid profiles, and blood parameters), must be retained in secure storage for at least two (2) years. Relevant records on Samples with irregularities or rejected Samples must be retained in secure storage for at least two (2) years.
5.3.12.1.2All analytical records on Specimens with an Adverse Analytical Finding must be retained in secure storage at least five
(5) years, unless otherwise specified by the Testing Authority or by contract.
5.3.12.1.3The raw data supporting all analytical results must be retained in secure storage for five (5) years.
5.3.13 Internal Audits
5.3.13.1Internal audits shall be completed in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 Section 4.13.
5.3.13.2Internal Audit responsibilities may be shared amongst personnel provided that any Person does not audit his/her own area.
5.3.14 Management Reviews
5.3.14.1Management reviews will be conducted to meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 Section
4.14.
5.3.14.2WADA will publish, from time to time, specific technical recommendations in a Technical Document. Implementation of the technical recommendations described in the Technical Documents is mandatory and should occur by the effective date.
Technical Documents supersede any previous publication on a similar topic, or if applicable, this document. The document in effect will be that Technical Document whose effective date most recently precedes that of Sample receipt date. The current version of the Technical Document will be available on WADA's website.
5.4 Support processes
5.4.1General General support shall be provided in accord with ISO/IEC 17025.
5.4.2Personnel
5.4.2.1Every person employed by, or under contract to, the Laboratory must have a personnel file accessible for auditors.
The file must contain copies of the resume, or qualification form, a description of the job, and documentation of initial and ongoing training.
The Laboratory must maintain appropriate confidentiality of personal information.
5.4.2.2All personnel should have a thorough knowledge of their
the security of the Laboratory, confidentiality of results, Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody protocols, and the standard operating procedures for any method that they perform.
5.4.2.3The Laboratory Director is responsible for ensuring that Laboratory personnel are adequately trained and have experience necessary to perform their duties.
The
certification should be documented in the individual's personnel file.
5.4.2.4The Doping Control Laboratory must have a qualified person as the Laboratory Director to assume professional, organizational, educational, and administrative responsibility.
The Laboratory Director qualifications are:
.Ph.D. or equivalent in one of the natural sciences or Training comparable to a Ph.D. in one of the natural sciences such as a medical or scientific degree with appropriate experience or training.
.Experience with the analysis of biological material for substances used in doping.
.Appropriate training or experience in forensic applications of Doping Control.
5.4.2.5The Doping Control Laboratory must have qualified personnel to serve as Certifying Scientist(s) to review all pertinent data, quality control results, and to attest to the validity of the Laboratory's test reports.
The qualifications are:
.Bachelors Degree in Medical Technology, Chemistry, Biology, or related natural science or equivalent.
Documented experience of 8 years or more in a Doping Control Laboratory is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree for this position.
.Experience in the analysis of doping materials in biological fluids.
.Experience in the use of relevant analytical techniques such as chromatography, immunoassay, and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.
5.4.2.6Supervisory personnel should have a thorough understanding of the Quality Control procedures; the review, interpretation, and reporting of test results; maintenance of Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody; and proper remedial action to be taken in response to analytical problems.
The qualifications for supervisor are:
.Bachelors Degree in Medical Technology, Chemistry, Biology, or related natural science or equivalent.
Documented experience of 5 years or more in a Doping Control Laboratory is equivalent
to a Bachelor's degree for this position.
.Experience in relevant analytical testing including the analysis of Prohibited Substances in biological material.
.Experience in the use of analytical techniques such as chromatography, immunoassay, and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry .
.Ability to ensure compliance with quality management systems and quality assurance processes.
5.4.3Accommodation and environmental conditions
5.4.3.1 Environmental Control
5.4.3.1.1Maintain appropriate electrical services
5.4.3.1.1.1The Laboratory shall ensure that adequate electrical service is available so that there is no interruption or compromise of stored data.
5.4.3.1.1.2All computers, peripherals, and communication devices should be supported in such a way that service is not likely to be interrupted.
5.4.3.1.1.3The Laboratory shall have policies in place to ensure the integrity of refrigerated and/or frozen stored samples in the event of an electrical failure.
5.4.3.1.2The Laboratory shall have a written safety policy and compliance with Laboratory safety policies shall be enforced.
5.4.3.1.3The storage and handling of controlled substances must comply with applicable national legislation.
5.4.3.2 Security of the facility
5.4.3.2.1The Laboratory shall have a policy for the security of its facilities, which may include a threat and risk assessment.
5.4.3.2.2Three levels of access should be considered in the quality manual or threat assessment plan:
.Reception zone. An initial point of control beyond which unauthorized
individuals must be escorted.
Common operational zones.
.Controlled zones. Access to these areas should be monitored and records maintained of access by visitors.
5.4.3.2.3The Laboratory shall restrict access to Controlled Zones to only authorized persons.
A staff member should be assigned as the security officer who has overall knowledge and control of the security system.
5.4.3.2.4Unauthorized persons must be escorted within Controlled Zones. A temporary authorization may be issued to individuals requiring access to the Controled Zones such as auditing teams and individuals performing service or repair.
5.4.3.2.5It is advisable to have a separate Controlled Zone for Sample receipt and Aliquot preparation.
5.4.4Test Methods and Method Validation
5.4.4.1Selection of Methods Standard methods are generally not available for Doping Control analyses.
The Laboratory shall develop, validate, and document in-house methods for compounds present on the Prohibited List and for related substances. The methods shall be selected and validated so they are fit for the purpose.
5.4.4.1.1Non-threshold Substances Laboratories are not required to measure or report a concentration for Non-threshold Substances.
The Laboratory must develop as part of the method validation process acceptable standards for identification of Prohibited Substances.
(See the Technical Document on Identification Criteria for Qualitative Assays) The Laboratory must demonstrate the ability to achieve the Minimum Required Performance Limits using a representative substance or substances if the appropriate standards are available.
In case a Reference
Collection is used for identification, an estimate of the limit of detection for the method must be provided by assessing a representative substance.
5.4.4.1.2Threshold Substances The Laboratory must develop methods with an acceptable uncertainty near the threshold concentration. The method must be capable of documenting both the relative concentration and the identity of the Prohibited Substance or Metabolite(s) or Marker(s).
Confirmation methods for Threshold Substances must be performed on three Aliquots from the "A" bottle and three Aliquots from the "6" bottle, if the "6" sample confirmation is performed.
If insufficient Sample volume exists to analyze three Aliquots, the maximum number of Aliquots that can be prepared should be analyzed. Adverse Analytical Finding decisions shall be based on the mean of the measured concentrations and include consideration of uncertainty with the coverage factor, k, reflecting the number of Aliquots analyzed and a level of confidence of 95%. Reports and documentation, where necessary, shall report the mean concentration.
5.4.4.1.3Minimum Required Performance Limit For both Non-threshold and Threshold Substances, the Laboratory will be required to meet a Minimum Required Performance Limit for detection, identification, and demonstration that a substance exceeds the threshold (if required).
5.4.4.2 Validation of Methods
5.4.4.2.1Confirmation methods for Non-threshold Substances must be validated. Examples of factors relevant to determining if the method is fit for the purpose are:
.specificity. The ability of the assay to detect only the substance of interest must be determined and documented. The assay must be able to discriminate between compounds of closely related structures.
.Identification capability. Since the results for Nonthreshold substances are not quantitative, the Laboratory should establish criteria for ensuring that identification of a substance representative of the class of Prohibited Substances can be repeatedly identified and detected as present in the sample at a concentration near the MRPL.
.Robustness.
The method must be determined to produce the same results with respect to minor variations in analytical conditions. Those conditions that are critical to reproducible results must be controlled.
.Carryover. The conditions required to eliminate carryover of the substance of interest from sample to sample during processing or instrumental analysis must be determined and implemented.
.Matrix interferences. The method should avoid Interference In the detection of Prohibited Substances or their Metabolites or Markers by components of the sample matrix.
.Standards. Reference standards should be used for identification, if available. If there is no reference standard available, the use of data or sample from a validated Reference Collection is acceptable.
5.4.4.2.2Confirmation methods for Threshold Substances must be validated. Examples of factors relevant to determining if the method is fit for the purpose are:
.Specificity. The ability of the assay to detect only the substance of interest must be determined and documented. The assay must be able to discriminate between compounds of closely related structures.
.Intermediate Precision. The method must allow for the reliable repetition of the results at different times and with different operators performing the assay. Intermediate Precision at the threshold must be documented.
.Robustness.
The method must be determined to produce the same results with respect to minor variations in analytical conditions. Those conditions that are critical to reproducible results must be controlled.
.Carryover. The conditions required to eliminate carryover of the substance of interest from sample to sample during processing or instrumental analysis must be determined and implemented .Matrix interferences. The method must limit interference in the measurement of the amount of Prohibited Substances or their Metabolites or Markers by components of the sample matrix.
.Standards. Reference standards should be used for quantification, if available. If there is no reference standard available, the use of data or sample from a validated Reference Collection is acceptable.
.Minimum Required Performance Limits (MRPL).
The Laboratory must demonstrate that it can detect representative compounds of each prohibited class at defined MRPLs.
The Laboratory should also determine the limit of detection and limit of quantification if the MRPL is close to these limits.
.Linearity must be documented at 50% to 200% of the threshold value, unless otherwise stipulated in a Technical Document.
5.4.4.3 Estimate of Uncertainty of Method In most cases an identification of a Prohibited Substance, its Metabolite(s) or Marker(s), is sufficient to report an Adverse Analytical Finding. Thus, quantitative uncertainty as defined in ISO/IEC 17025 does not apply. In the identification of a compound by GC/MS or HPLC/MS, there are qualitative measures that substantially decrease the uncertainty of identification.
In the case of a Threshold Substance, uncertainty in both the identification and the finding that the substance is present in an amount greater than the threshold concentration must
be addressed.
5.4.4.3.1 Uncertainty in identification The appropriate analytical characteristics must be documented for a particular assay. The Laboratory must establish criteria for identification of a compound at least as strict as those stated in any relevant Technical Document.
5.4.4.3.2Uncertainty in establishing that a substance exceeds a threshold.
The purpose of threshold reporting in Doping Control is to establish that the Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite(s) or Marker(s) are present at a concentration greater than the threshold value. The method, including selection of standards and controls, and report of uncertainty should be designed to fit the purpose.
5.4.4.3.2.1Uncertainty of quantitative results, particularly at the threshold value, should be addressed during the validation of the assay through measurement of Repeatability, Intermediate Precision and bias, where possible.
5.4.4.3.2.2The expression of uncertainty should use the expanded uncertainty using a coverage factor, k, to reflect a level of confidence of 95 %. The expression of uncertainty may also take the form of a one-sided t-test at a level of confidence of 95 %.
5.4.4.3.2.3Uncertainty may be further addressed in Technical Documents in order to reflect the purpose of analysis for the specific substances.
5.4.4.4 Control of Data
5.4.4.4.1 Data and Computer Security
5.4.4.4.1.1Access to computer terminals, computers, or other operating equipment shall be controlled by physical access and by multiple levels of access controlled by passwords or other means of employee recognition and identification. These include, but are not limited to account privileges, user identification codes, disk access, and file access control.
5.4.4.4.1.2The operating software and all files shall be backed up on a regular basis and a current copy kept off site at a secure location.
5.4.4.4.1.3The software shall prevent the changing of results unless there is a system to document the person doing the editing and that editing can be limited to users with proper level of access.
5.4.4.4.1.4All data entry, recording of reporting processes and all changes to reported data shall be recorded with an audit trail. This shall include the date and time, the information that was changed, and the individual performing the task.
5.4.5Equipment
5.4.5.1A List of available equipment is to be established and maintained.
5.4.5.2As part of a quality system, the Laboratories shall operate a program for the maintenance and calibration of equipment according to ISO 17025 Section 5.5.
5.4.5.3General service equipment that is not used for making measurements should be maintained by visual examination, safety checks, and cleaning as necessary. Calibrations are only required where the setting can significantly
change the test result.
A maintenance schedule shall be established for items such as fume hoods, centrifuges, evaporators, etc, which are used in the test method.
5.4.5.4Equipment or volumetric devices used in measuring shall have periodic performance checks along with servicing, cleaning, and repair.
5.4.5.5Qualified subcontracted vendors may be used to service, maintain, and repair measuring equipment.
5.4.5.6All maintenance, service, and repair of equipment must be documented.
5.4.6Measurement Traceability
5.4.6.1Reference Standards Few of the available reference drug and drug Metabolite(s) are traceable to national or international standards.
When available, reference drug or drug Metabolite(s) traceable to a national standard or certified by a body of recognized status, such as USP, BP, Ph.Eur. or WHO, should be used. When available, a certificate of analysis or authenticity shall be obtained.
When a reference standard is not certified, the Laboratory shall verify its identity and purity by comparison with published data or by chemical characterization.
5.4.6.2Reference Collections A collection of samples or isolates may be obtained from a biological matrix following an authentic and verifiable administration of a Prohibited Substance or Method, providing that the analytical data are sufficient to justify tile identity of the relevant chromatographic peak or isolate as a Prohibited Substance or Metabolite of a Prohibited Substance or Marker of a Prohibited Substance or Method
5.4.7Assuring the quality of test results
5.4.7.1The Laboratory must participate in the WADA Proficiency Testing Program.
5.4.7.2The Laboratory shall have in place a quality assurance system, including the submission of
blind quality control samples, that challenges the entire scope of the testing process (i.e, sample receipt and accessioning through result reporting).
5.4.7.3Analytical performance should be monitored by operating quality control schemes appropriate to the type and frequency of testing performed by the Laboratory. The range of quality control activities includes:
.Positive and negative controls analyzed in the same analytical run as the Presumptive Adverse Analytical Finding Sample.
.The use of deuterated or other internal standards or standard addition.
.Comparison of mass spectra or ion ratios from selected ion monitoring (SIM) to a Reference Material or Reference Collection sample analyzed in the same analytical run .Confirmation of the "A" and "B" Split Samples.
.Quality control charts using appropriate control limits (e.g., lebih kurang 20% of the target value) depending on the analytical method employed.
.The quality control procedures should be documented in the Laboratory.
6.0 Process of WADA Accreditation This section describes the technical and financial requirements the laboratory must fulfill in the process of being accredited by WADA. The description of the steps in the accreditation process is linked to the defined requirement presented in Section 4.
6.1 Applying for a WADA Laboratory Accreditation
6.1.1Submit Application Form The laboratory must fill in the necessary information in the Application Form as provided by WADA and deliver this to WADA with the required documentation and applicable fee. The Application shall be signed by the Laboratory Director and, if relevant, by the Director of the host organization.
6.1.2Description of Laboratory As preparations for an initial visit by WADA, the laboratory shall complete a questionnaire provided by WADA and submit it to WADA no later than four weeks after the receipt of the questionnaire. The following information shall be submitted through the questionnaire:
List of staff and their qualifications .Description of physical facilities, including a description of the security considerations for Samples and records .List of proposed and actual instrumental resources and equipment .List of available Reference Materials or standards, or plans to acquire Reference Materials or standards, including properly validated biological Sample Reference Collections
Financial or business plan for the laboratory WADA may require an update of this documentation during the process of accreditation.
6.1.3Provide a letter of support According to 4.1. 2 the laboratory shall provide necessary letters of support containing the required information from the relevant national public authorities, or National Olympic Committee, or National Anti-Doping Organization.
6.1.4Conduct Initial visit If necessary, WADA shall conduct an initial visit (2-3 days) to the laboratory at the laboratory's expense. The purpose of this visit is to clarify issues with regard to the accreditation process and the defined requirements in the International Standard for Laboratories and to obtain information about different aspects of the laboratory relevant for the accreditation.
6.1.5Issue final report and recommendation Within eight (8) weeks after the initial visit or the receipt of the questionnaire, WADA will complete and submit a report to the laboratory.
In the report WADA will make the necessary recommendations concerning giving the laboratory status as a WADA Probationary laboratory or if this is not the case, identifying needed improvements in order to be a WADA Probationary laboratory.
6.2 Preparing for WADA Laboratorv Accreditation A probationary period shall be defined for a WADA Probationary Laboratory. The period will range from 12 to 24 months depending on the status of the laboratory with regard to the defined requirements (refer to Section 4.1). The main purpose of this period is that the laboratory shall prepare for initial accreditation. During this period, WADA will provide appropriate feedback to assist the laboratory in improving the quality of its testing process. In this period the laboratory shall:
6.2.1Obtain ISO 17025 accreditation The laboratory shall prepare and establish the required documentation and system according to the requirements in Application of ISO 17025 to Analysis of Doping Control Sample (Section 5) and the ISO 17025. Based on this, the laboratory shall initiate and prepare for the accreditation process by consulting with a relevant national accreditation body. An audit team consisting of representatives from a national accreditation body,
including independent technical assessors recommended by WADA will audit the laboratory. Copies of the Audit Report shall be sent to WADA.
The laboratory has to correct any identified non-conformities within defined time-frames and document this accordingly. Copies of the documentation of the correction of the non-conformities should be sent to WADA.
6.2.2Participate in the WADA Proficiency Testing Program The laboratory must complete a minimum of one year of successful participation in the WADA Proficiency Testing program prior to achieving initial accreditation. (See Annex A for description of the Proficiency Testing program.) As a final proficiency test, the laboratory shall analyze 20-50 urine Samples in the presence of a WADA representative. Costs associated with the WADA on-site visit shall be at the laboratory's expense. The laboratory shall successfully identify and/or document a concentration in excess of the threshold of all of the Prohibited Substances, Metabolite(s) of Prohibited Substances, or Marker(s) of Prohibited Substances or Methods within five (5) days of the laboratory opening the Samples.
The laboratory shall provide a Certificate of Analysis for each of the Samples in the proficiency test. For negative Samples, WADA may request all or a portion of the negative screening data. For each of the Samples for which there is an Adverse Analytical Finding, the laboratory shall provide a Laboratory Documentation Package.
This data shall be submitted within two (2) weeks of submission of the initial report.
6.2.3Implement Code of Ethics The laboratory shall communicate the Code of Ethics (Annex B) to all employees and ensure understanding of and commitment to the different aspects of the Code of Ethics.
6.2.4Plan and implement research activities The laboratory shall develop a plan for its research and development activities in the field of Doping Control within a 3 year period including a budget. At least two research and development activities shall be initiated and implemented within the probationary period.
6.2.5Plan and implement sharing of knowledge The laboratory shall prepare and convey information and knowledge on at least two specific issues to the other WADA accredited Laboratories within the probationary period.
6.3 Obtaining WADA Accreditation
6.3.1Participate in a WADA accreditation audit In the last phase of the probationary period WADA will prepare in cooperation with the laboratory a final WADA accreditation audit.
Representatives of WADA will audit compliance of the defined requirements in the Application of ISO 17025 to Analysis of Doping
Control Samples (Section 5) and the practice and documentation of the laboratory. If WADA has participated in the initial ISO audit, the final WADA audit may be a document audit. Otherwise, the audit can be conducted together with the national accreditation body or separately if more practical. Should an on-site audit take place by WADA, the associated cost shall be at the laboratory's expense.
Based on the audit, WADA will issue an Audit Report and submit this to the laboratory. If needed, the laboratory will have to correct identified non-compliances within defined time-frames and report these to WADA.
6.3.2WADA report and recommendation Based on the relevant documentation from the laboratory, any WADA technical advisor feedback, and the relevant accreditation body (Audit Report), WADA will make a final report including a recommendation concerning the accreditation of the laboratory. The report and recommendation will be submitted to the WADA Executive Committee for approval. In case that the recommendation is that the laboratory should not be accredited, the laboratory will have a maximum of six (6) months to correct and improve specific parts of their operation, at which time a further report will be made by WADA.
6.3.3Issue and publication of Accreditation certificate A certificate signed by a duly authorized representative of WADA shall be issued in recognition of an accreditation. Such certificate shall specify the name of the Laboratory and the period for which the certificate is valid. Certificates may be issued after the effective date, with retroactive effect. A list of accredited Laboratories will be published annually by WADA.
6.4 Maintaining WADA Accreditation
6.4.1Provide a new letter of support Letter(s) of Support from a national public authority or National Olympic Committee or National Anti-Doping Organization responsible for a national Doping Control program or an International Federation responsible for an international Doping Control program shall be required in years in which there is an ISO 17025 reaccreditation audit.
A letter of support from the host organization renewing its commitment to the Laboratory shall also be required in conjunction with each ISO 17025 reaccreditation audit.
6.4.2Document annual number of tests The Laboratory shall periodically report the results of all tests performed to WADA in a specified format. WADA will monitor Sample test volume performed by the Laboratory. If the number of Samples falls below 1500 per year, WADA Laboratory accreditation will be suspended or revoked in accordance with Section 6.4.8.
6.4.3Flexible Accreditation WADA accredited Laboratories may add or modify scientific methods
or add analytes to its scope of work without the need for approval by the body that completed the ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation of that Laboratory. Any analytical method or procedure must be properly selected and validated and included in the scope of the Laboratory at the next ISO audit if use is continued.
6.4.4Document Compliance with the WADA Laboratorv Code of Ethics The Laboratory Director must send a letter of compliance to WADA every year.
The Laboratory may be asked to provide documentation of compliance with the provisions of the Code of Ethics (Annex B).
6.4.5Document implemented research activities The Laboratory must supply an annual progress report to WADA documenting research and development results in the field of Doping Control and dissemination of the results. The Laboratory should also relate research and development plans for the next year.
6.4.6Document implemented sharing of knowledge The Laboratory must supply an annual report sharing of knowledge with all other WADA-accredited Laboratories.
6.4.7Participate in WADA/ISO periodical audits and the re-accreditation audit WADA reserves the right to inspect and audit the Laboratory at any time. The notice of the audit/inspection will be made in writing to the Laboratory Director. In exceptional circumstances, the audit/inspection may be unannounced.
6.4.7.1WADA/ISO Re-accreditation audit The Laboratory must receive ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation including compliance with the Application of ISO 17025 for Analysis of Doping Control Samples (Section 5 of this document). The audit team may include a WADA Consultant to augment the auditing team selected by the national accrediting body for the re-accreditation audit.
Copies of the audit summary report as well as the Laboratory responses must be sent to WADA. The Laboratory shall also provide a copy of the ISO 17025 certificate obtained from the national certifying body.
6.4.7.2 ISO Periodical audit In years when a periodical ISO/IEC 17025 audit is required, the Laboratory shall provide WADA with a copy of any external audits and evidence of corrective actions for any non-compliance.
6.4.8WADA report and recommendation WADA will annually review Laboratory compliance with the requirements listed in Sections 4 and 5. With the exception of re-accreditation and other required on-site audits, the annual review will consist of a documentation audit. WADA may require
documentation from the Laboratory. Failure of the Laboratory to provide information requested in evaluating performance by the specified date shall be considered a refusal to cooperate and result in Suspension or Revocation of accreditation.
WADA will consider the overall performance of the Laboratory in making decisions regarding continued accreditation. Applicant Laboratory performance on aspects of the standards described in Section 5 (such as turn-around times, Documentation Package contents, and feedback from client organizations) may be considered in this auditing.
6.4.8.1Maintenance of accreditation In the event that the Laboratory has maintained satisfactory performance, WADA will recommend to the WADA Executive Committee that the Laboratory be re-accredited.
6.4.8.2 Suspension of accreditation Whenever WADA has reason to believe that Suspension may be required and that immediate action is necessary in order to protect the interests of WADA and the Olympic movement, WADA may immediately suspend a Laboratory's accreditation. If necessary, such decision may be taken by the Chairman of the WADA Executive Committee.
Examples of actions that could result in Suspension of accreditation include:
Suspension of ISO 17025 accreditation;
.failure to take appropriate corrective action after an unsatisfactory performance;
.lack of compliance with any of the requirements or standards listed in WADA International Standard for Laboratories (including Annex A.
Proficiency Testing);
.failure to cooperate with WADA or the relevant Testing Authority in providing documentation;
.failure to comply with the WADA Laboratory Code of Ethics.
WADA may recommend a Suspension of accreditation at any time based on the results of the Proficiency Testing program.
The period and terms of Suspension shall be proportionate to the seriousness of the non-compliance(s) or lack of performance and the need to ensure accurate and reliable drug testing of Athletes. A period of Suspension shall be up to 6 months, during which time any noncompliance must be corrected.
If the non-compliance is not corrected during the Suspension period, the Laboratory accreditation will be revoked.
In the case of a non-compliance WADA may suspend the Laboratory from performing analyses for any Prohibited Substances. If WADA determines that the non-compliance is limited to a class of Prohibited Substances, WADA may limit the suspension to analysis for the class of compounds in which the non-compliance occurred.
6.4.8.3 Revocation of accreditation The WADA Executive Committee revokes accreditation of any Laboratory accredited under these provisions if WADA determines that Revocation is necessary to ensure the full reliability and accuracy of drug tests and the accurate reporting of test results.
Revocation of accreditation may be based on, but not limited to, the following considerations:
Loss of ISO 17025 accreditation;
.Unsatisfactory performance in analyzing and reporting results of drug tests
Unsatisfactory participation in performance evaluations or Laboratory on-site audits;
.Failure to take appropriate corrective action following an unsatisfactory performance either in Testing or in a proficiency test;
.A material violation of this standard or other condition imposed on the Laboratory by WADA;
.Failure to correct a lack of compliance with any of the requirements or standards listed in WADA International Standard for Laboratories (including Annex A.
Proficiency Testing) during a Suspension period;
.Failure to cooperate with WADA or the relevant Testing Authority during the Suspension phase;
A serious violation of the Code of Ethics;
.Conviction of any key personnel for any criminal offence committed that is related to the operation of the Laboratory; or .Any other cause that materially affects the ability of the Laboratory to ensure the full reliability and accuracy of drug tests and the accurate reporting of results.
A Laboratory whose accreditation has been revoked is ineligible to perform testing of Doping Control Samples for any Testing Authority.
If a Laboratory whose accreditation has been revoked should seek accreditation, it shall begin the process as a new laboratory as described in Section
4.1, unless there are exceptional circumstances or justifications as determined
solely by WADA. In the case of exceptional circumstances, WADA shall determine what steps shall be followed prior to granting a new accreditation.
6.4.9Notification
6.4.9.1 Written Notice When a Laboratory is suspended or WADA seeks to revoke accreditation, WADA must immediately serve the Laboratory with written notice of the Suspension or proposed Revocation by facsimile mail, personal service, or registered or certified mail, return receipt requested. This notice shall state the following:
1)The reason for Suspension or proposed Revocation;
2)The terms of the Suspension or proposed Revocation; and 3) The period of Suspension.
6.4.9.2 Effective Date A Suspension is immediately effective. A proposed Revocation is effective 30 calendar days after the date on the written notice or, if review is requested, upon WADA's decision to uphold the proposed Revocation. A Laboratory who has received notice that its accreditation is in the process of being revoked shall be suspended until the Revocation is made final or is rescinded by WADA.
If WADA decides not to uphold the Suspension or proposed Revocation, the Suspension is terminated immediately and any proposed Revocation shall not take place.
6.4.9.3 Public Notice WADA will immediately notify all relevant national public authorities, National Anti-Doping Organizations, National Olympic Committees, International Federations, and the IOC of the name and address of any Laboratory that has had its accreditation suspended or revoked, and the name of any Laboratory that has had its Suspension lifted.
WADA will provide to any Testing Authority, upon written request, WADA's written decision which upholds or cenies the Suspension or proposed Revocation.
6.4.10 Re-accreditation Costs On an annual basis, WADA will invoice the Laboratory for a portion of the costs associated with the re-accreditation process. The Laboratory shall assume the travel and accommodation expenses of
the WADA representative(s) in the event of on-site inspections.
6.4.11 Issue and publication of Accreditation certificate If maintenance of accreditation is approved, the Laboratory shall receive a certificate signed by a duly authorized representative of WADA issued in recognition of such accreditation. Such certificate shall specify the name of the Laboratory and the period for which the certificate shall be valid. Certificates may be issued after the effective date, with retroactive effect.
6.5Accreditation Requirements for Satellite Facilities for Major Events In general, the reporting time requirements for a major Event require that the Laboratory facility be at the location in proximity to the competition such that Samples can be delivered by Event Doping Control staff. This may require relocation of an existing Laboratory for a period of time sufficient to validate operations at the satellite facility and perform the testing for the Event.
In extraordinary circumstances, Samples may be transferred to an existing Laboratory facility. There must be agreement between the Major Event Organization and WADA regarding whether testing requirements such as turn-around time and the Athlete rights are met for in any eventuality. If the Laboratory is functioning within its regular facility, the requirements stated below with respect to facilities do not apply. The Laboratory will, however, be required to report on staffing, equipment, and Sample transport issues.
The Laboratory shall be responsible for providing WADA with regular updates on the progress of the testing facilities.
6.5.1Participate in an initial WADA/ISO visit/inspection WADA may visit the Laboratory facility as soon as it is available to determine whether the facility is adequate. Expenses related to such a visit shall be at the Laboratory's expense. Particular emphasis will be placed on the adequacy of security considerations, the physical layout of the space to ensure that adequate separation of various parts of the Laboratory are maintained, and to provide a preliminary review of other key support elements.
6.5.2Document ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation of the satellite facility At least one month prior to the major Event, the Laboratory must provide documentation that the national accrediting body has provided ISO/IEC accreditation for the satellite facility in compliance with the Application of ISO/IEC 17025 to the Analysis of Doping Control Samples (Section 5). WADA may require that a WADA consultant be present at the national accrediting body audit of the satellite facility.
WADA's expenses associated with such audit, will be at the
Laboratory's expense.
6.5.3Complete a Pre-Event Report on Facilities and Staff At least one (1) month prior to the Event, the Laboratory must report:
List of Laboratory staff .List of staff scientists not normally employed by the Laboratory (if required)
Training plan for new staff scientists
List of instrumental resources and equipment .Procedure manual specific to the satellite facility including analytical methods .Summary of results management process including criteria for determining positive and negative results .Methods of reporting test results in a secure manner to the appropriate authorities Any changes that occur prior to the Event should be immediately reported to WADA.
Even if the testing is to be done at the Laboratory's regular facility, the Pre-Event Report must be completed, particularly in regard to personnel changes and any additional equipment.
6.5.4Participate in WADA accreditation audit WADA may choose to perform an independent on-site audit or a document audit of the satellite facility. Should an on-site audit take place, WADA expenses related to the audit will be at the Laboratory's expense. This audit may include analysis of a set of proficiency testing samples. The full complement of staff must be in attendance.
Particular emphasis will be placed on involvement of new staff members to assess their competence.
6.5.5Review the reports and correct identified non-conformities The Laboratory Director must address and correct any identified non-compliances.
The audit report and documentation of the corrective actions must be submitted to WADA.
6.5.6Issue and publication of a temporary and limited Accreditation certificate Based on the documentation provided, WADA shall make a decision regarding accreditation of the Laboratory. In the event that accreditation is awarded, WADA shall issue an accreditation for the period of the Event and an appropriate time before and after the actual competition.
6.5.7Monitoring and assessment during the Event WADA may choose at its sole discretion to have an observer in the Laboratory during the Event. The Laboratory Director is expected to provide full cooperation to the observer.
WADA, in conjunction with the Major Event Organization, will submit double blind proficiency testing samples to the Laboratory.
In the event of a false positive, the Laboratory will immediately cease testing for the class of Prohibited Substances and Methods.
The Laboratory shall apply corrective actions within 12 hours of notification of the false positive. All Samples analyzed prior to the false positive will be re-analyzed for the class of Prohibited Substances and Methods for which the non-compliance occurred. The results of the investigation and analysis will be presented to WADA within 24 hours unless otherwise agreed in writing.
In the event of a false negative, the Laboratory will be required to investigate the root cause and apply corrective actions within 24 hours of notification of the false negative result. A representative group of Samples in appropriate number to ensure that the risk of false negatives is minimal will be re-analyzed for the class of Prohibited Substances and Methods for which the non-compliance occurred. The results of the investigation and analysis will be presented to WADA within 48 hours unless otherwise agreed in writing.
7.0Requirements for supporting an Adverse Analytical Finding in the Adjudication Process This section describes the relevant procedures to be followed where an Athlete challenges an Adverse Analytical Finding in a hearing as provided for by the Code.
7.1 Laboratory Documentation Package In support of any Adverse Analytical Finding the Laboratory is required to provide the Laboratory Documentation Package described in detail in the Technical Document on Laboratory Documentation Packages.
The Laboratory is not required to provide any documentation not specifically included in the Laboratory Documentation Package.
Therefore, the Laboratory is not required to support an Adverse Analytical Finding by producing, either to the Testing Authority or in response to discovery requests related to the hearing, standard operating procedures, general quality management documents (e.g., ISO compliance documents) or any other documents not specifically required by Technical Document on Laboratory Documentation Packages. References in the International Standard for Laboratories to ISO requirements are for general quality control purposes only and have no applicability to any adjudication of any specific Adverse Analytical Finding.
PART THREE: ANNEXES ANNEX A - WADA PROFICIENCY TESTING PROGRAM
The WADA Proficiency Testing (PT) Program is designed to evaluate Laboratory proficiency and to improve test result uniformity between Laboratories, and to provide educational opportunities for the WADA-accredited Laboratories. The purpose of the individual PT sample will determine its composition and form.
1. Probationary period The Proficiency Testing (PT) program is a part of the initial evaluation of a Laboratory seeking accreditation. In addition to providing samples as part of quarterly PT samples, the WADA will provide upon request samples from past PT rounds in order to allow the applicant Laboratory with an opportunity to evaluate its performance against the recorded performance of accredited Laboratories.
All procedures associated with the handling and testing of the PT samples by the Laboratory are, to the greatest extent possible, to be carried out in a manner identical to that applied to routine Laboratory Samples, unless otherwise specified.
No effort should be made to optimize instrument (e.g., change multipliers or chromatographic columns) or method performance prior to analyzing the PT samples unless it is a scheduled maintenance activity. Methods or procedures used in routine testing should be employed.
Successful participation in 12-24 months of PT sample rounds is required before a Laboratory is eligible to be considered for accreditation. The PT samples shall occur at least quarterly and will consist of a minimum of five (5) samples per challenge. At least four (4) PT samples will contain Threshold Substances. Blank and adulterated samples may also be included.
2. Maintenance/Re-accreditation period After accreditation, Laboratories shall be challenged with at least five (5) PT samples each quarter. Each year at least two (2) samples will contain Threshold Substances.
Blank and adulterated samples may be included.
All procedures associated with the handling and testing of the PT samples by the Laboratory are, to the greatest extent possible, to be carried out In a manner identical to that applied to routine Laboratory Samples, unless otherwise specified.
No effort should be made to optimize instrument (e.g., change multipliers or chromatographic columns) or method performance prior to analyzing the PT samples unless it is a scheduled maintenance activity. Methods or procedures not used in routine testing should not be employed.
2.1 Open PT Samples The Laboratory may be directed to analyze a PT sample for a specific Prohibited Substance. In general, this approach is used for educational purposes or for data gathering.
2.2 Blind PT Samples
The Laboratory will be aware that the sample is a PT sample, but will not be aware of the content of the sample. Performance on blind PT samples is to be at the same level as for the open or non-blind PT samples.
2.3 Reporting - Open and Blind Proficiency Samples The Laboratory should report the results of open and blind PT samples to WADA in the same manner as specified for routine Samples.
For some samples or PT sample sets, additional information may be requested from the Laboratory.
2.4 Double Blind Proficiency Sample The Laboratory will receive PT sample sets which are indistinguishable from normal testing samples. The samples may consist of blank, adulterated or positive samples.
These samples may be used to assess turn-around time, compliance with documentation package requirements, and other non-analytical performance criteria as well as Laboratory proficiency.
3. Proficiency Test Sample Composition
3.1 Description of the Drugs PT samples contain those Prohibited Substances, Metabolite(s) of Prohibited Substances, and Marker(s) of Prohibited Substances and Methods which each accredited Laboratory must be prepared to assay in concentrations that allow detection of the analytes by commonly used screening techniques. These are generally concentrations that might be expected in the urine of drug users. For some analytes, the sample composition may consist of the parent drug as well as major Metabolites. The actual composition of the PT samples supplied to different Laboratories in a particular PT sample may vary but, within any annual period, all Laboratories participating are expected to have analyzed the same total set of samples.
A sample may contain more than one Prohibited Substance, Metabolite(s), or Marker of a Prohibited Substance or Method. A PT sample will not contain more than three substances or their Metabolite(s), or Markers of Prohibited Substances or Methods.
It is possible that the sample will contain multiple Metabolites of a single substance, which would represent the presence of a single Prohibited Substance. All Metabolites detected should be reported according to the Laboratory's standard operating procedures.
3.2 Concentrations PT samples may be spiked with Prohibited Substances and/or their Metabolites or may be from authentic administration studies. For Threshold Substances, the concentration in the sample will be guided by, but not limited to, one of the following criteria:
i)at least 20 percent above the threshold for either the initial assay or the confirmatory test, depending on which is to be evaluated;
ii)near or below the threshold limit for special purposes. In this case, the Laboratory would be directed to analyze the Sample for a particular Prohibited Substance as part of an educational challenge and will not be considered for evaluation for the purposes of the PT program.
For Non-threshold Substances, the concentration will be guided by, but not limited to, one of the following criteria:
i)the Prohibited Substance and/or its major Metabolite(s) will be present in quantities greater than the Minimum Required Performance Limit;
ii)the Prohibited Substance and/or its major Metabolite(s) will be present near the limit of detection for special purposes. In this case, the Laboratory would be directed to analyze the sample for a particular Prohibited Substance as part of an educational challenge and will not be considered for evaluation for the purposes of the PT program.
These concentrations and drug types may be changed periodically in response to factors such as changes in detection technology and patterns of drug use.
Negative samples do not contain concentrations of any of the target drugs above the Minimum Required Performance Limit when analyzed by the normally used methods.
3.3 Blank or Adulterated Samples PT samples include those that do not contain prohibited drugs or samples which have been deliberately adulterated by the addition of extraneous substances designed to dilute the sample, degrade the analyte or to mask the analyte during the analytical determination.
4. Evaluation of Proficiency Testing Results
4.1 Evaluation of Quantitative Results When a quantitative determination has been reported, the results can be scored based on the true or consensus value of the sample analyzed and a standard deviation which may be set either by the group results or according to the expected precision of the measurement. The z-score is calculated using the equation - ^ x - x z ----- ò Where x Is the value found ^ x is the assigned value
ò is the target value for standard deviation The target relative standard deviation will be set in such a way that an absolute z-score between two (2) and three (3) is deemed questionable performance. A z-score greater than three (3) is deemed unacceptable performance.
In addition, re-scaled sum of score (RSZ) and re-scaled sum of squared scores (RSSZ) will be calculated. While the z score gives an estimate of bias, the RSZ, by retaining the sign of the biases, will reflect consistent systematic bias. The RSSZ, by eliminating the possibility that positive and negative bias will cancel, provides another indicator of bias. The RSZ and RSSZ are calculated by the equations Rumus Lihat fisik where m is the number of tests.
4.2 Probationary Period
4.2.1Any false positive reported automatically disqualifies a Laboratory from further consideration for accreditation. The Laboratory will be eligible for reinstatement upon providing documentation that satisfies WADA that remedial and preventative actions have been implemented.
4.2.2An applicant Laboratory is to achieve an overall grade level of 90 percent for PT samples required during the probationary period, i.e., it must correctly identify and confirm 90 percent of the total drug challenges (qualitative including adulterated samples).
4.2.3An applicant Laboratory is to obtain satisfactory Z-scores for any quantitative results reported based on the mean of three replicate determinations. For the purposes of accreditation a quantitative result is required for threshold drugs.
The relative standard deviation is to be commensurate with the validation data.
Any Laboratory that fails to achieve a satisfactory score for at least 90% of the quantitative determinations during the probationary period will be disqualified from further consideration. If the Laboratory receives fewer than 10 samples for quantitation in the year, the Laboratory may be allowed a single unsatisfactory result in the quantitative portion of the PT program during a 12 month period. The Laboratory will be eligible for reinstatement upon providing documentation that satisfies WADA that remedial and preventative actions have been implemented.
4.3 Maintenance and Re-Accreditation Period
4.3.1No false positive drug identification is acceptable for any drug and the following procedures are to be followed when dealing with such a situation:
i)The Laboratory is immediately informed of a false positive error by the WADA.
ii)The Laboratory is to provide the WADA with a written explanation of the reasons for the error within five (5) working days. This explanation is to include the submission of all quality control data from the batch of samples that included the false positive sample if the error is deemed to be technical/scientific.
iii)The WADA shall review the Laboratory s explanation promptly and decide what further action, if any, to take.
iv)If the error is determined to be an administrative error (clerical, sample mix-up, etc), the WADA may direct the Laboratory to take corrective action to minimize the occurrence of the particular error in the future and, if there is reason to believe the error could have been systematic, may require the Laboratory to review and re-analyze previously run Samples.
v)If the error is determined to be a technical or methodological error, the Laboratory may be required to re-test all Samples analyzed positive by the Laboratory from the time of final resolution of the error back to the time of the last satisfactory proficiency test round.
A statement signed by the Laboratory Director shall document this re-testing.
The Laboratory may also be required to notify all clients whose results may have been affected of the error as part of its quality management system. Depending on the type of error that caused the false positive, this retesting may be limited to one analyte, a class of Prohibited Substances or Methods, or may include any prohibited drug. The Laboratory shall immediately notify the WADA if any result on a Sample that has been reported to a client is detected as a false positive. WADA may suspend or revoke the Laboratory's accreditation. However, if the case is one of a less serious error for which effective corrections have already been made, thus leasonably assuring that the error will not occur again, the WADA may decide to take no further action.
vi)During the time required to resolve the error,
the Laboratory remains accredited but has a designation indicating that a fals~ positive result is pending resolution. If the WADA determines that the Laboratory's accreditation must be suspended or revoked, the Laboratory's official status becomes "Suspended" or "Revoked" until the Suspension or Revocation is lifted or any process complete.
4.3.2An accredited Laboratory must correctly identify 100 percent of the Prohibited Substances to pass the round of PT samples. It must correctly identify and confirm 100 percent of the total PT samples (qualitative including adulterated samples).
4.3.3An accredited Laboratory is to obtain satisfactory Z-scores for any quantitative results reported based on the mean of three replicate determinations. For the purposes of accreditation a quantitative result is required for threshold drugs.
The relative standard deviation is to be commensurate with the validation data.
Any Laboratory that fails to achieve a satisfactory score for quantitative determinations will be deemed to have failed that sample challenge. The Laboratory must achieve a satisfactory score on 90% of the quantitative samples during the year.
If the Laboratory receives fewer than 10 samples for quantitation in the year, the Laboratory may be allowed a single unsatisfactory result in the quantitative portion of the PT program during a 12 month period.
4.4Laboratories failing a proficiency test round are informed immediately by WADA. Laboratories must take and report corrective action within 30 calendar days to WADA.
Laboratories may otherwise be advised by WADA to take corrective action for a given reason or to change a corrective action which has previously been reported to WADA.
The corrective action reported to WADA must be implemented in the routine operation of the Laboratory. Repeated failures of the same type will result in WADA requiring corrective action.
Laboratories failing two consecutive rounds of the PT scheme will be immediately suspended. The Laboratory is required to provide documentation of corrective action with 10 working days of notification of Suspension. Failure to do so will result in immediate Revocation of the accreditation. Lifting of the Suspension occurs only when corrective action has been
taken and reported to the WADA. The WADA may choose, at its sole discretion, to submit additional PT samples to the Laboratory or to require that the Laboratory be re-audited, at the expense of the Laboratory after having furnished satisfactory results for another proficiency testing round.
4.5WADA is to evaluate the annual performance of all accredited Laboratories.
ANNEX B - LABORATORY CODE OF ETHICS
1. Confidentiality The heads of Laboratories, their delegates and Laboratory staff shall not discuss or comment to the media on individual results prior to the completion of any adjudication without consent of the organization that supplied sample to the Laboratory and the organization that is asserting the Adverse Analytical Finding in adjudication.
2.Research Laboratories are entitled to participate in research programs provided that the Laboratory director is satisfied with the bona fide nature and the programs have received proper ethical (e.g. human subjects) approval.
2.1.Research in Support of Doping Control The Laboratories are expected to develop a program of research and development to support the scientific foundation of Doping Control. This research may consist of the development of new methods or technologies, the pharmacological characterization of a new doping agent, the characterization of a masking agent or method, and other topics relevant to the field of Doping Control.
2.2.Human subjects The Laboratories must follow the Helsinki Accords and any applicable national standards as they relate to the involvement of human subjects in research.
Voluntary informed consent must also be obtained from human subjects in any drug administration studies for the purpose of development of a Reference Collection or proficiency testing materials.
2.3.Controlled substances The Laboratories are expected to comply with the relevant national laws regarding the handling and storage of controlled (illegal) substances.
3. Testing
3.1.Competitions The Laboratories shall only accept and analyze Samples originating from known sources within the context of Doping Control programs conducted in competitions
organized by national and international sports governing bodies.
This includes national and international federations, National Olympic Committees, national associations, universities, and other similar organizations. This rule applies to Olympic and non-Olympic sports.
Laboratories should exercise due diligence to ascertain that the samples are collected according to the World Anti-Doping Code International Standard for Testing or the International Standard for Doping Control (ISO/PAS 18873), or similar guidelines. These guidelines must include collection of Split Samples;
appropriate Sample container security considerations; and formal chain of custody conditions.
3.2.Out-of-competition The Laboratories shall accept Samples taken during training (or Out-of competition) only if the following conditions are simultaneously met:
(a)That the Samples have been collected and sealed under the conditions generally prevailing in competitions themselves as in Section 3.1 above;
(b)If the collection is a part of an anti-doping program; and (c)If appropriate sanctions will follow a positive case.
Laboratories shall not accept Samples, for the purposes of either screening or identification, from commercial or other sources when the conditions in the above paragraph are not simultaneously met.
Laboratories shall not accept Samples from individual Athletes on a private basis or from individuals or organizations acting on their behalf.
These rules apply to Olympic and non-Olympic sports.
3.3.Clinical or Forensic Occasionally the Laboratory is requested to analyze a Sample for a banned drug or endogenous substance allegedly coming from a hospitalized or ill Person in order to assist a physician in the diagnostic process. Under this circumstance, the Laboratory director must explain the pre-testing issue to the requester and agree subsequently to analyze the Sample only if a letter accompanies the Sample and explicitly certifies that the Sample is for medical diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
The letter must also explain the medical reason for the test.
Work to aid h forensic investigations may be undertaken but due diligence should be exercised to ensure that the work is requested by an appropriate agency or body. The Laboratory should not engage in testing or expert testimony that would call into question the integrity of the individual or the scientific validity of work performed in the anti-doping program.
3.4. Other Testing.
If the Laboratory accepts Samples from an entity that is not a Testing Authority recognized by the World Anti-Doping Code, it is the responsibility of the Laboratory Director to ensure that any Adverse Analytical Finding will be processed according to the Code and that the results cannot be used in any way by an Athlete or associated Person to avoid detection.
The Laboratory should not engage in testing that undermines or is detrimental to the anti-doping program of WADA.
The Laboratory should not provide results that in any way suggests endorsement of products or services for Athletes or sports authorities. The Laboratory should not provide testing services in defense of an Athlete in a Doping Control adjudication.
3.5. Sharing of Information and Resources
3.5.1New Substances The WADA-accredited Laboratories for Doping Control shall inform WADA when they detect a new or suspicious doping agent.
When possible, the Laboratories shall share information regarding the detection of potentially new or rarely detected doping agents
3.5.2Sharing of Knowledge Sharing of knowledge shall consist of, but not be limited to, dissemination of information about new Prohibited Substances and Methods and their detection within sixty (60) days of discovery. This can occur by participation in scientific meetings, publication of results of research, sharing of specific details of methodology necessary for detection, and working with WADA to distribute information by preparation of a reference substance or biological excretion study or information regarding the chromatographic retention behaviour and mass spectra of the substance or its Metabolites. The Laboratory director or staff shall participate in developing standards for best practice and enhancing
uniformity of testing in the WADA-accredited Laboratory system. An example of the latter would be in establishing reporting standards for determination of an Adverse Analytical Finding.
4. Conduct Detrimental to the Anti-Doping Program The Laboratory personnel shall not engage in conduct or activities that undermine or are detrimental to the anti-doping program of WADA, an International Federation, a National Anti-Doping Organization, a National Olympic Committee, a Major Event Organization Committee, - or the International Olympic Committee. Such conduct could include, but is not limited to, conviction for fraud, embezzlement, perjury, etc. that would cast doubt on the integrity of the anti-doping program.
No Laboratory employee or consultant shall provide counsel, advice or information to Athletes or others regarding techniques or methods to mask detection of, alter metabolism of, or suppress excretion of a Prohibited Substance or Marker of a Prohibited Substance or Method in order to avoid an Adverse Analytical Finding. No Laboratory staff shall assist an Athlete in avoiding collection of a Sample. This paragraph does not prohibit presentations to educate Athletes, students, or others concerning anti-doping programs and Prohibited Substances or Methods.
ANNEX C - LIST OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
Title Document Version Effective Number Number Date
Laboratory Internal Chain of Custody TD2003LCOC1.2 Jan 1, 2004
Laboratory Documentation Packages TD2003LDOC1.3 Jan 1, 2004
Minimum Required Performance Limits for Detection of Prohibited Substances TD2004MRPL1.0 Feb 15,2004
Identification Criteria for Qualitative Assays Incorporating Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry TD2003IDCR1.2 Jan 1, 2004
Reporting Norandrosterone Findings TD2004NA
1.0 Aug13, 2004
Reporting and Evaluation Guidance for Testosterone,
Epitestosterone, T/E Ratio and other Endogenous Steroids TD2004EAAS1.0 Aug13, 2004
Harmonization of the Method for the Identification of Epoetin Alfa and Beta (EPO) and Darbepoetin Alfa (NESP) by IEF-Double Blotting and Chemiluminescent Detection TD2004EPO
1.0 In progress
Measurement of Uncertainty for Anti-Doping Analysis Future
Reporting Guidance for Gas, Chromatography/Combustion/ Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Future
Reporting Guidance for Salbutamol and other Beta- 2 Agonists Future
The World Anti-Doping Code INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR TESTING Version 1.0 March 2007 PREAMBLE World Anti-Doping Code International Standard for Testing is a mandatory International Standard (Level 2) developed as part of the World Anti-Doping Program.
The International Standard for Testing is extracted from the ISO International Standard for Doping Control (ISO ISDC) which was prepared by an expert group within the International Anti-Doping Arrangement (IADA) and WADA.
Version 1.0 of the International Standard for Testing was circulated to Signatories and governments for review and comments in November 2002.
Version 2.0 was based on the comments and proposals received from Signatories and governments. All Signatories and governments were consulted and had the opportunity to review and provide comments on version 2.0. Version 3.0 was approved by the WADA Executive Committee on June 7th 2003. It is proposed that in order to coincide with the format and release of the new Code, a new Version 1.0 of this standard be drafted and circulated to all stakeholders, and finalised for approval by the WADA Executive
Committee in November 2007.
The official text of the International Standard for Testing shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in Engiish and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail.
TABLE OF CONTENT PART ONE: INTRODUCTION, CODE PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS....
4
1.0 Introduction and scope...........................
4
2.0 Code Provisions.....................................
6
3.0 Terms and definitions ..............................
9
3.1 Defined terms from the Code.....................
9
3.2 Defined Terms from the International...............
Standard for Testing................................
12 PART TWO: STANDARDS FOR TESTING..........................
15
4.0 Planning............................................
15
4.1 Objective......................................
15
4.2 General..........................................
15
4.3 Requirements for establishing the Registered Testing Pool..............................
15
4.4 Requirements for test distribution planning.....
16
4.5 Requirements for selection of Athletes.........
18
5.0 Notification of Athletes............................
19
5.1 Objective.....................................
19
5.2 General.......................................
20
5.3 Requirements prior to notification of Athletes...
20
5.4 Requirements for notification of Athletes.....
21
6.0 Preparing for the Sample Collection Session.........
24
6.1 Objective......................................
24
6.2 General........................................
24
6.3 Requirements for preparing for the Sample Collection Session............................
24
7.0 Conducting the Sample Collection Session..............
25
7.1 Objective.....................................
25
7.2 General.......................................
25
7.3 Requirements prior to Sample collection........
26
7.4 Requirements for Sample collection.............
26
8.0 Sacurity / Post test administration..................
28
8.1 Objective......................................
28
8.2 General.........................................
28
8.3 Requirements for Security/post test administration.......................... 28
9.0 Transport of Samples and documentation................
28
9.1 Objective.......................................
29
9.2 General........................................
29
9.3 Requirements for transport and storage of Samples and documentation.........................
29
10.0 Ownership of Samples................................
30
11.0 Athlete Whereabouts Requirements....................
31
11.1 Basic principles...............................
31
11.2 Filing Failures................................
33
11.3 Missed Tests ..................................
36
11.4 Results Management............................
38
11.5 Responsibilities of Anti-Doping Organizations.........
43 PART THREE: ANNEXES.....................................
49 Annex A -Investigating a possible Failure to Comply..... ..
49 Annex B -Modifications for Athletes with disabilities....
51 Annex C -Collection of urine Samples......................
53 Annex D -Collection of blood Samples.......................
56 Annex E -Urine Samples -Insufficient volume...............
59 Annex F -Urine Samples that do not meet requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis............................
61 Annex G -Sample Collection Personnel Requirements........
63 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION, CODE PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS
1.0 Introduction and scope The main purpose of International Standard for Testing is to plan for effective Testing and to maintain the integrity and identity of the Samples, from notifyir the Athlete to transporting Samples for analysis.
The International Standard for Testing includes standards for test distribution planning, notification of Athletes, preparing for and conducting Sample collection security/post test administration and transport of Samples.
In addition, Section 11.0 of the International Standard for Testing sets out mandatory standards to be adopted by International Federations and Nation Anti-Doping Organizations (and recognised and applied by other Anti-Doping Organizations) as the whereabouts requirements applicable to Athletes in their respective Registered Testing Pools, failure to comply with which shall constitute an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code. The background to this new section of the International Standard for Testing is as follows:
-The basic and fundamental principle is that any Athlete participating in a Code-compliant sport is automaticaliy subject, simply by means of such participation, to Testing by an authorised Anti-Doping Organization at any time and any place, whether he or she is In-Competition or Out-of Competition. Nothing in the Code or in this International Standard is intended to derogate from that basic principle.
-Without prejudice to that basic principle, it is recognised that No Advance Notice Out-of-Competition Testing is at the core of effective Doping Control. However, without accurate Athlete whereabouts information, such Testing can be inefficient and often impossible.
-Therefore, while all Athletes are potentially subject to Sample collectio at any time and any place, the Code also places additional requirement on Athletes in Registered Testing Pools, designed to ensure that they can be located for purposes of Sample collection at any time. A failure by such an Athlete to comply with those additional requirements is separate and stand-alone anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code.
-Article 2.4 of the 2003 Code made it an anti-doping rule violation to fail to provide required whereabouts information and to miss tests declared in accordance with "reasonable rules." 'While the flexibility afforded by this approach did assist International Federations and National Anti Doping Organizations in introducing whereabouts requirements into their respective fields of competence, at the same time the different approaches taken by the various Anti-Doping Organizations did on occasion give rise to practical difficulties, while the approach in general did not further WADA's overriding objective of harmonization.
-During the consultation process leading up to revision of the Code in 2007, many stakeholders expressed concern at the lack of harmonisation in this area. It was therefore decided to standardise Athlete whereabouts requirements in the International Standard for Testing. Accordingly, Article 2.4 of the Code now provides that failures to comply with applicable whereabouts requirements are to be declared based on "rules consistent with the International Standard for Testing." -The mandatory standards set out in Section 11.0 of this International Standard have been formulated with the following objectives in mind:
a.to promote fair play in sport by confirming the basic principle that Athletes must submit to Testing on a No Advance Notice basis at any time and anywhere;
b.to facilitate such Testing by requiring Athletes in a Registered "Testing Pool to provide information on a quarterly basis about their whereabouts during the following quarter, including details of where they will be living, training and competing during that quarter, and in particular identifying one specific place where they can be located for Testing for one specified hour on any given day during the quarter; and
c.to ensure consistency and therefore efficiency and fairness to all Athletes and other stakeholders by standardising how such, information is collected and used for No Advance Notice Testing and how the applicable whereabouts requirements are applied and enforced.
-Anti-Doping Organizations are entitled, and indeed encouraged, to use the irlformation filed by Athletes in Registered Testing
Pools to locate such Athletes for Testing at any time during the quarter in question, including but not limited to during the 60-minute time-slot specified for any given day. Provided that if an attempt is made to Test the Athlete during that 60-minute time-slot, and that attempt is unsuccessful because the Athlete is not available for Testing where he or she said they would be at that time, then the consequences set out in this International Standard in relation to Missed Tests will apply.
The International Standard for Testing, including all annexes, is mandatory for all Signatories to the World Anti-Doping Code (Code).
The World Anti-Doping Program encompasses all of the elements needed in order to ensure optimal harmonization and best practice in international and national anti-doping programs. The main elements are: the Code (Level 1), International Standards (Level 2), and Models of Best Practice (Level 3).
In the introduction to the Code, the purpose and implementation of the International Standards are summarized as follows:
"International Standards for different technical and operational areas within the anti doping program will be developed in consultation with the Signatories and government and approved by WADA. The purpose of the International Standards is harmonization among Anti-Doping Organizations responsible for specific technical and operational part of the anti-doping program.
Adherence to the International Standards is mandatory for compliance with the Code. The International Standards may be revised from time to time by the WADA Executive Committee after reasonable consultation with the Signatories and governments. Unless provided otherwise in the Code, International Standards and all revisions shall become effective on the date specified in the International Standard or revision." Definitions specified in the Code are written in italics.
Additional definitions specific to the International Standard for Testing are underlined.
2.0 Code Provisions The following articles in the draft Code v. 1.0 2007 directly address the International Standard for Testing:
Code Article 2 Anti-Doping Rule Violations:
2.3Refusing, or failing without compelling justification, to submit to Sample collection after notification as authorized in applicable anti-doping rules or otherwise evading Sample collection.
2.4Violation of applicable requirements regarding Athlete availability for Out-of-Competition Testing including failure to provide required whereabouts information and missed tests which are declared based on rules consistent with the International Standard for Testing.
2.5Tampering, or Attempting to tamper, with any part of Doping Control.
2.8Administration or Attempted administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method to any Athlete, or assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of cumplicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any Attempted violation.
Code Article 3 Proof of Doping:
3.2.2Departures from the International Standard for Testing which did not cause an Adverse Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule violation shall not invalidate such results. If the Athlete establishes that departures from the international Standard occurred during Testing then the Anti-Doping Organization shall have the burden to establish that such departures did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the factual basis for the anti-doping rule violation.
Code Article 5 Testing:
5.1Test Distribution Planning.
Anti-Doping Organizations conducting Testing shall in coordination with other Anti-Doping Organizations conduct Testing on the same Athlete pool:
5.1.1Plan and implement an effective number of In-Competition and Out-of-Competition tests. Each International Federation shall establish a Registered Testing Pool for International-Level Athletes in its sport, and each National Anti-Doping Organization shall establish a national Registered Testing Pool for Athletes.
The national-level pool shall include International-Level Athletes as well as other national-level Athletes, who are nationals, residents, license-holders or members of sport organizations of that country. Each International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization shall plan and conduct In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing on its Registered Testing Pool.
5.1.2Make No Advance Notice Testing a priority.
5.1.3Conduct Target Testing.
5.2Standards for Testing. Anti-Doping Organizations conducting Testing shall conduct such Testing in conformity with the
International Standard for Testing.
Code Article 7 Results Management;
7.1Initial review regarding Adverse Analytical Findings. Upon receipt of an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding, the ADO responsible for results management shall conduct a review to determine whether:
(a) an applicable therapeutic use exempation has been granted, or (b) there is any apparent departure from the International Standard for Testing or laboratory analysis that undermines the validity of the Adverse Analytical Finding.
7.3Further Review of Adverse Analytical Finding Where Required by Prohibited List The Anti-Doping Organization or other reviewing body established by such organization shall also conduct any follow-up investigation with respect to an Adverse Analytical Finding as may be required by the Prohibited List. Upon completion of such follow-up investigation, the Anti-Doping Organization shall promptly notify. the Athlete regarding the results of the follow-up investigation and whether or not the Anti-Doping Organization asserts that an anti-doping rule was violated.
7.4Review of Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations Not Covered by Articles 7.1-7.3 The Anti-Doping Organization or other reviewing body established by such organization shall conduct any follow-up investigation as may be required under applicable anti-doping policies and rules adopted pursuant to the Code or which the Anti-Doping Organization othcrwise considcrs appropriate. At such time as the Anti-Doping Organization is satisfied that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred, it shall promptly give the Athlete or other Person subject to sanction notice, in the manner set out in its rules, of the anti-doping rule which appears to have been violated, and the basis of the violation.
Code Article 10 Sanctions on Individuals:
10.3.3For violations of Article 2.4 (Whereabouts or Missed Tests), the period of Ineligibility shall be at a minimum one
(1) year and at a maximum two (2) years based on the Athlete's degree of fault and in accordance with the rules established by the Anti-Doping Organization whose test was missed or whereabouts requirement was violated, in conformity with the International Standard for Testing. The period of Ineligibility for subsequent violations of Article 2.4 shall be as set forth in Article 10.7.
10.11Reinstatement Testing.
As a condition to regaining eligibility at the end of a specified period of Ineligibility, an Athlete must, during any period of Provisional Suspension or
Ineligibility, make him or herself available for Out-of-Competition Testing by any Anti-Doping Organization having testing jurisdiction, and must, if requested, provide current and accurate whereabouts information. If an Athlete subject to a period of Ineligibility retires from sport and is removed from Out-of-Competition Testing pools and later seeks reinstatement, the Athlete shall not be eligible for reinstatement until the Athlete has notified relevant Anti'-Doping Organizations and has been subject to Out-of-Competition Testing for a period of time equal to the period of Ineligibility remaining as of the date the Athlete had retired.
Code Article 14 Confidentiality and Reporting:
14.3 Athlete Whereabouts Information As further provided in the International Standard for Testing, Athletes who have been identified by their International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization for inclusion in an Out-of- competition Testing pool shall provide accurate, current location information. The International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations shall coordinate the identification of Athletes and the collecting of current location information and shall submit it to WADA.
WADA shall make this information accessible to other Anti-Doping Organizations having authority to test the Athlete as provided in Article 15. This information shall be maintained in strict confidence at all times; shall be used exclusively for purposes of planning, coordinating or conducting Testing; and shall be destroyed after it is no longer relevant for these purposes.
14.5Doping Control Information Clearing House WADA shall act as a central clearing house for Doping Control Testing data and results for International-Level Athletes and national-level Athletes that have been included in their National Anti-Doping Organization's Registered Testing Pool.
To facilitate coordinated test distribution planning and to avoid unnecessary duplication in Testing by the various Anti-Doping Organizations, each Anti-Doping Organization shall report all In-Competition and Out-of Competition tests on such Athletes to the WADA clearinghouse as soon as possible after such tests have been conducted. Through ADAMS, WADA shall make this information accessible to the Athlete, the Athlete's National Federation, National Olympic Committee or National Paralympic Committee, National Anti-Doping Organization, International Federation, and the International Olympic Committee or International Paralympic Committee.
Private information regarding an Athlete shall be maintained by WADA in strict confidence WADA shall, at least annually, publish statistical reports summarizing such information.
Anti-Doping Organizations shall provide the required information through WADA's ADAMS database system unless that is not reasonably feasible.
Code Article 15 Clarification of Doping Control Responsibilities:
15.1 Event Testing The collection of Samples for Doping Control does and should take place at both International Events and National Events.
However, only a single organization should be responsible for initiating and directing Testing during an Event. At International Events, the collection of Doping Control Samples shall be initiated and directed by the international organization which is the ruling body for the Event (e.g., the IOC for the Games of the Olympiad and the Winter Games, the International Federation for a World Championship, and PASO for the Pan American Games). If the international organization decides not to conduct a reasonable number of tests at such an Event, the National Anti-Doping Organization for the country where the Event occurs may, in coordination with and with the approval of either the international organization or WADA, initiate and conduct such Testing. At National Events, the collection of Doping Control Samples shall be initiated and directed by the designated National Anti-Doping Organization of that country. If the National Anti-Doping Organization decides not to conduct a reasonable number of tests at such Event, the respective International Federation may, in coordination with and with the approval of either the National Anti-Doping Organization or WADA, initiate or conduct such testing.
15.1.1Notwithstanding any International Federation's definition of "In-Competition," other Anti-Doping Organizations shall be entitled to conduct "Out-of Competition" Testing as described in Article 15.2 up until twelve hours before the first time an Athlete is scheduled to participate in a Competition in an Event and the day following the last day an Athlete has participated in a Competition in the Event.
15.2 Out-of-Competition Testing Out-of-Competition Testing is and should be initiated and directed by both international and national organizations.
Out-of-Competition Testing may be initiated and directed by:
(a) WADA; (b) the IOC or IPC in connection with the Games of the Olympiad and the Winter Games or Paralympic Games; (c) the Athlete's International Federation; (d) the Athlete's National Anti-Doping Organization; or (e) the National Anti-Doping Organization of any country where the Athlete is present. Out-of- Competition Testing should be coordinated through ADAMS in order to maximize the effectiveness of the combined Testing effort and to avoid unnecessary repetitive Testing of individual Athletes.
15.4 Mutual Recognition.
15.4.1Subject to the right to appeal providedin Article 13,
the Testing, therapeutic use exemptions and hearing results or other final adjudications of any Signatory which are consistent with World Anti-Doping Code 2007 Version 1.0 46 the Code and are within that Signatory's authority, shall be recognized and respected by all other Signatories.
3.0 Terms and definitions
3.1 Defined terms from the draft Code v. 1.0 2007 Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a laboratory or other approved Testing entity that identifies in a Specimen the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or Markers (including elevated quantities of endogenous substances) or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.
Anti-Doping Organization (ADO): A Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules, for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organizations that conduct Testing at their Events, WADA, International Federations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.
Athlete : For purposes of Doping Control, any Person who participates in sport at the international level (as defined by each International Federation) or natior level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization) and any additior Person who participates in sport at a lower level if designated by the Person's National Anti-Doping Organization. For purposes of anti-doping information and education, any Person who participates in sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting the Code.
Code: The World Anti-Doping Code.
Competition: A single race, match, game or singular athletic contest. For example, a basketball game or the finals of the Olympic lOO-meter dash. For stage races and other athletic contests where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis the distinction between a Competition and an Event will be as provided in the rules of the applicable International Federation.
Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations: An Athlete's or other Person's violation of an anti-doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete's results in a particular Competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting consequences including eorfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.9; and (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily from participating in any
Competition prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing).
Doping Control: The process including test distribution planning, Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, results management, hearings and appeals.
Event: A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games of the Olympiad and the Winter Games, FINA World Championships, or Pan American Games).
In-Competition: For purposes of determining those substances which are permitte and those substances which are prohibited at the time a Sample is collected, unless provided otherwise in the rules of an International Federation or other relevant Anti-Doping Organization, an In-Competition test is a test where an Athlete Is selected for testing In connection with a specific Competition.
Independent Observer Program: A team of observers, under the supervision of WADA, who observe the Doping Control process at certain Events and report on observations. If WADA is Testing In-Competition at an Event, the observers shall be supervised by an independent organization.
Ineligibility: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations above.
International Event: An Event where the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event Organization, or another international sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event.
International-Level Athlete: Athletes designated by one or more International Federations as being within the Registered Testing Pool for an International Federation.
International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly.
Minor: A natural Person who has not reached the age of majority as established by the applicable laws of his or her country of residence.
National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO):
The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test results, and the conduct of hearings, all at the national level. If this designation has not been made by the competent public
authority(ies), the entity shall be the country's National Olympic Committee or its designee.
National Olympic Committee (NOC): The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti-doping area.
No Advance Notice: A Doping Control which takes place with no advance warning to the Athlete and where the Athlete is continuously chaperoned from the moment of notification through Sample provision.
Out-of-Competition:
Any Doping Control which is not In-Competition.
Prohibited List: The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.
Provisional Suspension: See Consequences above.
Registered Testing Pool:
The pool of top level Athletes established separately by each International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization who are subject to both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of the International Federation's or Organization's test distribution plan.
Sample/Specimen: Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.
Signatories: Those entities signing the Code and agreeing to comply with the Code, including the International Olympic Committee, International Federations, International Paralympic Committee, National Olympic Committees, National, Paralympic Committees, Major Event Organizations, National Anti-Doping Organizations, and WADA.
Target Testing: Selection of Athletes for Testing where specific Ath'etes or groups of Athletes are selected on a non-random basis for Testing at a specified time.
Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.
WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.
3.2 Defined Terms from the International Standard for Testing ADAMS:_Anti-Doping Administration and Management System, which has been developed to enable Athletes and Anti-Doping Organizations to
enter and share data related to doping control. ADAMS is an online, web-based system, which allows restricted sharing of data only with those organizations with a right to access such data in accordance with the Code.
Athlete Whereabouts Filing: Information provided by or on behalf of an Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool that sets out the Athlete's whereabout during the following quarter, in accordance with clause [11.2] of the Internation Standard for Testing.
Blood Collection Officer (BCO): An official who is qualified to and has been authorized by the ADO to collect a blood Sample from an Athlete.
Chain of Custody : The sequence of individuals or organizations who have the responsibility for a Sample from the provision of the Sample until the Sample has been received for analysis.
Chaperone: An official who is trained and authorized by the ADO to carry out specific duties including one or more of the following:
notification of the Athlete selected for Sample collection; at companying and observing the Athlete until arrival at the Doping Control Station: and/or witnessing and verifying the provision of the Sample where the training qualifies him/her to do so.
Doping Control Officer (DCO): An official who has been trained and authorised by the ADO with delegated responsibility for the on-site management of a Sample Collection Session.
Doping Control Station: The location where the Sample Collection Session will be conducted.
Failure to Comply : A term used to describe anti-doping rule violations under Articles 2.3, 2.5 and 2.8 of the Code.
Filing Failure: Conduct that may be relied upon, as set out in clause [11.1.3] of the International Standard for Testing, to establish a Whereabouts Failure for purposes of Article 2.4 of the Code, consisting of a failure by the Athlete to make a current and accurate Athlete Whereabouts Filing:
International Federation (IF): An international non-governmental organization administering one or more sports at world level.
Missed Test: Conduct that may be relied upon, as set out in clause [11.1.4] of the International Standard for Testing, to establish a Whereabouts Failure for purposes of Article 2.4 of the Code, consisting of a failure by the Athlete to be available for Testing on any given day at the location and time specified in the 60-minute time-slot identified in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing for that day.
Missed Test Report: A detailed report of a Missed Test, as more fully described in clause [11.4.3(a)] of the International
Standard for Testing.
National Federation: A national non-governmental organization administering one or more sports at a national level.
Random Selection: Selection of Athletes for testing which is not Target Testing.
Random Selection may be:
-Completely random;
where no pre-determined criteria are considered, and Athletes are chosen arbitrarily from a list or pool of Athlete names, or;
-Weighted; where Athletes are ranked using pre-determined criteria in order to increase or decrease the chances of selection.
Regional Anti-Doping Organization (RADO):
An Anti-Doping Organization established by a group of countries to coordinate, manage and deliver the mandate of doping-free sport within a specific region.
Responsible ADO: The Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for the whereabouts matter being discussed, as set out in detail in clause [11.5] of the International Standard for Testing.
Sample Collection Equipment: Containers or apparatus used to directly collect or hold the Athlete's Sample at any time during the Sample collection process.
Sample Collection Equipment shall, as a minimum, consist of:
For urine Sample collection:
-Collection vessels for collecting the urine Sample as it leaves the Athletes body;
-Sealable and tamper-evident bottles and lids for securing the urine Sample;
For blood Sample collection:
-Needles for collecting the blood Sample;
-Blood tubes with sealable and tamper-evident devices for holding the blood Sample.
Sample Collection Personnel; A collective term for qualified officials authorised by the ADO who may carry out or assist with duties during the Sample Collection Session.
Sample Collection Session: All of the sequential activities that directly involve the Athlete from notification until the Athlete leaves the Doping Control Station after having provided his/her Sample/s.
Suitable pH for Analysis: pH within the range of 5.0 to 7.5.
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis: Specific gravity measured at 1.005 or higher with a refractometer, or 1.010 or higher with lab sticks.
Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis: A minimum of 75mL for full or part menu analysis, or a greater volume if so specified by the relevant Sample Analysis Authority. A minimum of 100mL for EPO
analysis, or a greater volume it so specified by the relevant Sample Analysis Authority.
Whereabouts Failure: A Filing Failure or a Missed Test.
PART TWO: STANDARDS FOR TESTING
4.0 Planning
4.1 Objective The objective is to plan and implement an effective distribution of Athlete tests resulting in detection, deterrence and prevention of doping practices.
4.2 General Planning starts with establishing criteria for Athletes to be included in a Registered Testing Pool and ends with selecting Athletes for Sample collection.
Athletes not in a Registered Testing Pool shall also be included in test distribution planning.
The main activities are information gathering, monitoring and follow up; risk evaluation; and developing, monitoring, evaluating and modifying the test distribution plan.
"
4.3 Requirements for establishing the Registered Testing Pool
4.3.1 The Anti-Doping Organization (ADO) shall define and document the criteria for Athletes to be included in a Registered Testing Pool. This shall include as a minimum:
For International Federations (IFs):
-Athletes who compete at a high level of international competition, including Olympic and World Championship medallists and the most highly ranked Athletes/teams in each discipline.
For National/Regional Anti-Doping Organizations:
-All Athletes included in the Registered Testing Pool of the If over which they have jurisdiction.
-Athletes who are part of national teams in Olympic and Paralympic sports.
.For International Federations or National/Regional Anti-Doping Organizations:
-In the year before the Olympic and Paralympic Games, Athletes who are not otherwise in a Registered Testing Pool but who wish to be considered for selection to participate in the Olympic and Paralympic Games. In accordance with Code Article 20.4.3, NOCs and NPCs shall provide assistance as required to facilitate the inclusion of such Athletes in a Registered Testing Pool for this period.
The criteria shall be reviewed at least annually and updated if required.
4.3.2The ADO shall include Athletes under their authority in the Registered Testing Pool who are serving periods of Ineligibility or Provisional Suspensions as Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations.
4.3.3The ADO shall include Athletes under their authority in the Registered Testing Pool who are returning from a period of retirement.
4.3.4The ADO may include Athletes under their authority in the Registered Testing Pool whom it wishes to target for Testing.
4.3.5The Registered Testing Pool shall be reviewed and updated as necessary with additions to or removals from the pool to reflect changes in Athlete ranking and other relevant factors as listed in 4.3.1 to 4.3.4.
4.3.6For co-ordination purposes, the ADO shall make available to other relevant ADOs and WADA the criteria for the Registered Testing Pool, the current list of Athletes in the Registered Testing Pool, and updates as necessary.
4.3.7Once an Athlete has been named to a Registered Testing Pool, the ADO shall ensure a process for communicating this fact immediately to the Athlete and inform him/her of the resultant responsibilities with regard to TUEs and the provision of Athlete Whereabouts Information.
4.4 Requirements for test distribution planning
4.4.1The ADO shall, as a minimum, evaluate the potential risk of doping an possible doping pattern for each sport and/or discipline based on:
a)The physical demands of the sport and/or discipline and possible performance enhancing effect that doping may elicit;
b) Available doping analysis statistics;
c) Available research on doping trends;
d)The history of doping in the sport and/or discipline;
e) Training periods and Competition season;
f)Information received un possible doping practices.
4.4.2The ADO shall develop and document a test distribution plan based on information determined in 4.5.1and; the number of Athletes involved in the sport/discipline; the competition calendar; the anti-doping activities of other ADOs with responsibility for Testing; and the
evaluation outcomes of previous test distribution planning cycles.
4.4.3The ADO shall allocate the number of Sample collections for each sport/discipline/nation, as relevant, including Out-or-Competition and In-Competition Testing.
4.4.4NADO/RADOs shall ensure that Out-or-Competition Testing is made a priority, and that a majority of annual Testing is conducted Out-or-Competition.
The determination of the distribution of Out-or-Competition Testing shall take into account the risks of doping in the Out-or-Competition period for each sport and/or discipline under evaluation.
4.4.5IFs shall evaluate the relative merits of Out-of-Competition and In-Competition Testing in their sport and disciplines. In sports and/or disciplines with a high risk of doping in the Out-of-Competition period, Out-of-Competition Testing shall be made a priority, and a majority of Testing shall be conducted Out-of-Competition. For those sports and/or disciplines where there is a low risk of doping in the Out-or-Competition period, some Out-of-Competition Testing shall still take place.
4.4.6When defining the In-Competition Testing period, the ADO shall not limit Testing opportunities for other ADOS, or shall ensure that it is conducting testing during this defined In-Competition Testing period.
4.4.7In planning and conducting Testing at International Events, and where the relevant IF does not have a doping control program that complies with this Standard, the NADO/RADO shall be the preferred Sample collection authority.
4.4.8ADOs shall coordinate Testing activities to avoid duplication.
Clear agreement on roles and responsibilities for Event Testing shall be agreed in advance in accordance with the Code (Article 15.1)
4.4.9The ADO shall allocate the type of test for each sport/discipline/nation, as relevant, including urine and blood Sample collection where appropriate.
4.4.10The ADO shall ensure that the timing of Testing is planned to ensure optimum deterrence and detection of doping practices.
4.4.11All Testing shall be No Advance Notice other than by exception.
4.4.11.1A For In-Competition Testing, placeholder
selection may be known in advance. However, random Athlete/placeholder selection shall not be revealed to the Athlete until notification.
4.4.11.2All Out-of-Competition Testing shall be No Advance Notice.
4.4.12The ADO shall establish a system whereby the test distribution plan is reviewed and, if necessary, updated on a regular basis in order to incorporate new information and take into account Sample collection by other ADOs
4.4.13The test distribution plan shall be documented by the ADO.
Such data shall be used to assist with determining whether modifications to the plan are necessary.
4.4.14The ADO shall ensure that Athlete support personnel or any other person, with a conflict of interest shall not be involved in the test distribution planning for their Athletes.
4.4.15ADOs shall, without any unnecessary delay, share information on tests conducted with other relevant ADOs via a centralized database system (e.g.ADAMS)
4.5 Requirements for selection of Athletes
4.5.1In accordance with the number and type of Samples allocated to each sport/discipline/nation in the test distribution plan, the ADO shall select Athleb for Sample collection using Target Testing and Random Selection methods.
4.5.2ADOs shall ensure that the significant majority of Testing is Target Testing, based on the intelligent assessment of the risks of doping and the most effective use of resources to ensure optimum detection and deterrence.
As a minimum, the ADO shall consider Target Testing Athletes based on the following information:
a) Injury;
b)Withdrawal or absence from expected Competition;
c) Going into or coming out of retirement;
d) Behaviour indicating doping;
e) Sudden major improvements in performance;
f)Repeated failure to provide Athlete Wherebouts Information;
g)Athlete Whereabouts Information that can indicate a potential increase the risk of doping, including moving to a remote location;
h) Athlete sport performance history;
i)Athlete age, eg approaching retirement, move from junior to senior level;
j) Athlete test history; .
k)Athlete reinstatement after a period of Ineligibility;
I)Financial incentives for improved performance, such as prize money or sponsorship opportunities;
m)Athlete association with a third party such as coach or doctor with a history of involvement in doping, and;
n)Reliable information from a third party.
4.5.3Testing which is not Target Testing shall be determined by Random Selection which shall be conducted using a documented system for such selection.
Random Selection which is weighted shall be conducted according to clear criteria and may take into account factors listed in
4.6.2 which apply to teams, disciplines, or nations, in order to ensure that a greater percentage of 'at risk' Athletes are selected.
4.5.4ADOs shall consider the selection of Athletes under their authority for Sample collection who are not included in the Registered Testing Pool defined in 4.3.
4.5.5Where the ADO authorises a Doping Control Officer (DCO) to select Athletes for Sample collection, the ADO shall provide selection criteria to the DCO in accordance with the test distribution plan.
4.5.6Following the selection of an Athlete for Sample collection and prior to notification of the Athlete, the ADO and/or DCO shall ensure Athlete selection decisions are disclosed only to those who need to know in order to ensure the Athlete can be notified and tested on a No Advance Notice basis.
5.0 Notification of Athletes
5.1 Objective The objective is to ensure that reasonable attempts, as outlined in Article 5.4.1 are made to locate the Athlete, the selected Athlete is notified, the rights of the Athlete are maintained, there are no opportunities to manipulate the Sample to be provided and the notification is documented.
5.2 General Notification of Athletes starts when the ADO initiates the notification of the selected Athlete and ends when the Athlete arrives at the Doping Control Stationor when the Athlete's possible failure to comply is brought to the ADO's attention The main activities are:
a)Appointment of DCOs, Chaperones and other Sample Collection Personnel;
b)Locating the Athlete and confirming his/her identity;
c)Informing the Athlete that he/she has been selected to provide a Sample an of his/her rights and responsibilities;
d)For No Advance Notice Sample collection, continuously chaperoning the Athlete from the time of ,notification to the arrival at the designated Doping Control Station; and e)Documenting the notification, or notification attempt.
5.3 Requireinents prior to notification of Athletes
5.3.1Other than by exception, No Advance Notice shall be the notificatio method for Sample collection
5.3.2To conduct or assist with Sample Collection Sessions. the ADO shall appoint and authorise Sample Collection Personnel who have been trained for their assigned responsibilities, who do not have a conflict of interest in the outcome of the Sample collection, and who are not Minors.
5.3.3Sample Collection Personnel shall have official identification that is provided and controlled by the ADO. The minimum identification requirement is an official card/document naming the ADO through which they have been authorised.
For DCOs, additional identification requirements shall include their name, their photograph and the card's/document's expiry date.
For Blood Collection Officers additional identification requirements include evidence of their professional training in the collection of blood Samples.
5.3.4The ADO shall establish criteria to validate the identity of an Athlete, selected to provide a Sample. This ensures the selected Athlete is the Athlete who is notified.
The method of identification of the Athlete shall be documented on the doping control documentation.
5.3.5The ADO, DCO or Chaperone, as applicable, shall establish the location of the selected Athlete and plan the approach and timing of notification, taking into consideration the specific circumstances of the sport/Competition/training session/etc and the situation in question
5.3.6The ADO shall establish a system for the detailed recording of Athlete notification attempt/s and outcome/so
5.3.7The Athlete shall be the first one notified that he/she has been selected for Sample collection except where prior contact with a third 'party is required as specified in
5.3.8.
5.3.8The ADO/DCO/Chaperone, as applicable, shall consider whether a third party is required to be notified prior to
notification of the Athlete when the Athlete is a Minor, where required by an Athlete's disability as provided for in Annex B - Modifications for Athletes with disabilities, or in situations where an interpreter is required for the notification.
5.3.9The ADO shall not re-schedule or change a Sample collection from No Advance Notice to advance notice except where an unexpected situation forces the need for an advance notice Sample collection. Any such decision shall be recorded.
5.3.10Notification for advance notice Sample collection shall be by any means that indicates the Athlete received the notice.
5.4 Requirements for notification of Athletes
5.4.1When initial contact is made, the ADO, DCO or Chaperone, as applicable, shall ensure that the Athlete and/or a third party if required in accordance with 5.3.10, is informed:
a)That the Athlete is required to undergo a Sample collection;
b)Of the authority under which the Sample collection is to be conducted;
c)Of the type of Sample collection and any conditions that need to be adhered to prior to the Sample collection;
d)Of the Athlete's rights, including the right to:
i.Have a representative and, if required, an interpreter;
ii.Ask for additional information about the Sample collection process;
iii.Request a delay in reporting to the Doping Control Station for valid reasons; and iv.Request modifications as provided for in Annex B-Modifications for Athletes with disabilities.
e)Of the Athlete's responsibilities, including the requirement to:
i.Remain within sight of the DCO Chaperone at all times from the first moment of in-person notification by the DCO/Chaperone until the completion of the Sample collection procedure;
ii.Produce identification in accordance with
5.3.4; and iii.Comply with Sample collection procedures and the possible consequences of Failure to Comply; and iv.Report immediately for an Out-of-Competition test, unless there are valid reasons for a delay. Report to the Dopina Control Station
as soon possible, and within 60 minutes of notification, for an In-Competition test.
f)Of the location of the Dopina Control Station.
5.4.2When in-person contact is made, the DCO/Chaperone shall:
a)From this time until the Athlete leaves the Doping Control Station at the end of his/her Sample Collection Session, keep the Athlete under observation at all times.
b)Identify themselves to the Athlete using their official ADO identificatin card/document;
c)Confirm the Athlete's identity as per the criteria established in 5.3 Confirmation of the Athlete's identity by any other method, or failure to confirm the identity of the Athlete shall be documented and reported to the ADO.
d)In cases where the Athlete's identity can not be confirmed as per the criteria established in
5.3.4, the ADO shall decide whether it is appropriate to follow-up in accordance with Annex A -Investigating a possible failure to comply.
5.4.3The Chaperone/DCO shall then have the Athlete sign an appropriate form to acknowledge and accept the notification. If the Athlete refuses to sign that he/she has been notified or evades the notification, the Chaperone/DCO shall inform the Athlete of the consequences of failing to comply if possible, and the Chaperone (if not the DCO) shall immediately report all relevant facts to the DCO.When possible the DCO shall continue to collect a Sample. The DCO shall document the facts in a detailed report and report the circumstances to the ADO The ADO shall follow the steps prescribed in Annex A -Investigating a possible failure to comply.
5.4.4The DCO/Chaperone shall consider any reasonable third party requirement or any request by the Athlete to delay reporting to the Doping Control Station following acknowledgement and acceptance of notification and accept or reject such requests as appropriate in accordance with 5.5.5. The DCO shall document the reasons for any such delay that may require further investigation by the ADO.
5.4.5A DCO may accept a request from an Athlete to delay reporting the Doping Control Station, and/or to leave the Doping Control Station temporarily after arrival if the Athlete can be continuously chaperoned during the delay and if the request relates to the following activities:
For In-Competition Testing:
a) Participation in a victory ceremony; .
b) Fulfilment of media commitments;
c) Competing in further competitions;
d) Performing a warm down;
e) Obtaining necessary medical treatment;
f) Locating a representative and/or interpreter;
g)Any other exceptional circumstances which can be justified, and which shall be documented.
For Out-of-Competition Testing:
a) Locating a representative;
b) Completing a training session;
c) Receiving treatment for injury;
d)Any other exceptional circumstances which can be justified, and which shall be documented.
5.4.6The DCO shall document the reasons for delay in reporting to the Doping Control Station and/or reasons for leaving the Doping Control Station that may require further investigation by the ADO.
5.4.7A DCO/Chaperone shall reject a request for delay from an Athlete if it will not be possible for the Athlete to be continuously chaperoned.
5.4.8If the Athlete reports to the Doping Control Station after the minimum waiting time and prior to the DCO's departure, the DCO shall decide as to whether to process a possible failure to comply. If at all possible the DCO shall proceed with collecting a Sample, and shall document the details of the delay in the Athlete reporting to the Doping Control Station.
5.4.9If, while keeping the Athlete under observation, Sample Collection Personnel observe any matter with potential to compromise the test, the circumstances shall be reported to and documented by the DCO. If deemed appropriate by the DCO, the DCO shall follow the requirements of Annex A -Investigating a possible failure to comply and/or consider if it is appropriate to collect an additional sample from the athlete.
6.0 Preparing for the Sample Colcection Session
6.1 Objective To prepare for the Sample Collection Session in a manner that ensures that the session can be conducted efficiently and effectively.
6.2 General Preparing for the Sample Collection Session starts with the establishment of a system for obtaining relevant information for effective conduct of the session and ends when it is confirmed that the Sample Collection Equipment conforms to the specified criteria.
The main activities are:
a)Establishing a system for collecting details regarding the Sample Collection Session;
b)Establishing criteria for who may be authorised to be present
during a sample Collection Session;
c)Ensuring that the Doping Control Station meets the minimum criteria prescribed in 6.3.2;
d)Ensuring that Sample Collection Equipment used by the ADO meets the minimum criteria prescribed in 6.3.4.
6.3Requirements for preparing for the Sample Collection Session
6.3.1The ADO shall establish a system for obtaining all the information necessary to ensure that the Sample Collection Session can be conducted, effectively, including special requirements to meet the needs of Athletes with disabilities as provided in Annex B -Modifications for Athletes with disabilities.
6.3.2The DCO shall use a Doping Control Station which, at a minimum ensures the Athlete's privacy and is used solely as a Doping Control Station for the duration of the Sample Collection Session. The DCO shall record any significant deviations from these criteria.
6.3.3The ADO shall establish criteria for who may be authorised to be present during the Sample Collection Session in addition to the Sample Collection Personnel. At a minimum the criteria shall include:
a)An Athlete's entitlement to be accompanied by a representative and/or interpreter during the Sample Collection Session except when the Athlete is passing a urine Sample.
b)A Minor Athlete's entitlement, and the witnessing DCO/Chaperone's entitlement to have a representative observe the witnessing DCO/Chaperone when the Minor Athlete is passing a urine Sample, but without the representative directly observing the passing of the Sample unless requested to do so by the Minor Athlete.
c)An Athlete with a disability's entitlement to be accompanied by a representative as provided for in Annex B -Modifications for Athletes with disabilities.
d)A WADA Independent Observer where applicable under the Independent Observer Program. The WADA Independent Observer shall not directly observe the passing of a urine Sample.
6.3.4The ADO shall only use Sample Collection Equipment systems which at a minimum, shall meet the following criteria.
They shall a)Have a unique numbering system incorporated into all bottles, containers, tubes or any other item used to seal the Athlete's Sample;
b)Have a sealing system that is tamper evident;
c)Ensure the identity of the Athlete is not evident from the equipment itself;
d)Ensure that all equipment is clean and sealed prior to use by the Athlete.
7.0 Conducting the Sample Collection Session
7.1 Objective To conduct the Sample Collection Session in a manner that ensures the integrity, security and identity of the Sample and respects the privacy of the Athlete.
7.2 General The Sample Collection Session starts with defining overall responsibility for the conduct of the Sample Collection Session and ends once the Sample collection documentation is complete.
The main activities are :
a) Preparing for collecting the Sample;
b) Collecting the Sample; and c) Documenting the Sample collection.
7.3 Requirements prior to Sample collection
7.3.1The ADO shall be responsible for the overall conduct of the sample Collection Session with specific responsibilities delegated to the DCO.
7.3.2The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is informed of his/her rights responsibilities as specified in 5.4.1.
7.3.3The DCO shall provide the Athlete with the opportunity to hydrate.
7.3.4The Athlete shall only leave the Doping Control Station under continuous observation by the DCO/Chaperone and with the approval of the DCO.
The DCO shall consider any reasonable request by the Athlete to leave the Doping Control Station, as specified in
5.4.5 and 5.4.6, until the Athlete is able to provide a Sample.
7.3.5If the DCO gives approval for the Athlete to leave the Doping Control Station, the DCO shall agree with the Athlete on :
a)The purpose of the Athlete leaving the Doping Control Station; and b)The time of return (or return upon completion of an agreed activity).
The DCO shall document this information and the actual time of the Athlete's departure and return.
7.4 Requirements for Sample collection
7.4.1 The DCO shall collect the Sample from the Athlete according to the following protocol/s for the specific type of Sample collection:
a) Annex C: Collection of urine Samples b) Annex 0: Collection of blood Samples
7.4.2Any behaviour by the Athlete and/or persons associated with
the Athlete or anomalies with potential to compromise the Sample collection shall be recorded in detail by the DCO. If appropriate, the ADO shall institute Annex A-Investigating a possible failure to comply.
7.4.3If there are doubts as to the origin or authenticity of the Sample, the Athlete shall be asked to provide an additional Sample. If the Athlete refuses to provide an additional Sample the DCO shall document in detail the circumstances around the refusal, and the ADO shall institute Annex A -Investigating a possible failure to comply.
7.4.4The DCO shall provide the Athlete with the opportunity to document any concerns he/she may have about how the session was conducted.
7.4.5In conducting the Sample Collection Session the following information shall be recorded as a minimum:
a)Date, time and type of notification (No Advance Notice, advance notice, In-Competition or Out-of-Competition);
b) Date and time of Sample provision;
c) The name of the Athlete;
d) The date of birth of the Athlete;
e) The gender of the Athlete;
f)The Athlete's home address and telephone number;
g)The Athlete's sport and discipline;
h) The name of the Athlete's coach and doctor i) The Sample code number;
j)The name and signature of the witnessing DCO /Chaperone;
k)The name and signature of the Blood Collection Officer who collected the blood Sample, where applicable;
i)Required laboratory information on the Sample;
m)Medications and supplements taken and recent blood transfusion details if applicable, within the timeframe specified by th~ lab as declared by the Athlete;
n) Any irregularities in procedures;
o)Athlete commcnts or (:oncerns regarding the conduct of the session, if provided;
p)Athlete consent or otherwise for the processing of test data in ADAMS;
q)Athlete consent or otherwise for the use of the Sample(s) for research purposes;
r)The name and signature of the Athlete's representative, if required; and s)The name and signature of the Athlete;
t) The name and signature of the DCO.
7.4.6At the conclusion of the testing session the Athlete and DCO shall sign appropriate documentation to indicate their satisfaction that the documentation accurately reflects the details of the Athlete's Sample Collection Session,
including any concerns recorded by the Athlete. The Athlete's representative and the athlete shall both sign the documentation if the Athlete is a Minor. Other persons present who had a formal role during the Athlete's Sample collection Session may sign the documentation as a witness of the proceedings.
7.4.7The DCO shall provide the Athlete with a copy of the records of Sample Collection Session that have been signed by the Athlete.
8.0 Security/Post test administration
8.1 Objective To ensure that all Samples collected at the Doping Control Station and Sample collection documentation are securely stored prior to their departure from Doping Control Station.
8.2 General Post test administration begins when the Athlete has left the Doping Control Station after providing his/her Samples, and ends with preparation of all of collected Samples and documentation for transport.
8.3Requirements for Security/post test administration
8.3.1 The ADO shall define criteria ensuring that any sealed Sample will be stored in a manner that protects its integrity, identity and security prior transport from the Doping Control Station. The DCO shall ensure that any sealed Sample is stored in accordance with these criteria.
8.3.2 Without exception, all Samples collected shall be sent to a WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA.
8.3.3 The ADO/DCO shall develop a system to ensure that the documentation for each sealed Sample is completed and securely handled.
8.3.4 The ADO shall develop a system to ensure that, where required instructions for the type of analysis to be conducted are provided to the WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA.
9.0 Transport of Samples and documentation
9.1 Objective a)To ensure that Samples and related documentation arrive at the WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA in proper condition to do the necessary analysis, and b)To ensure the Sample Collection Session documentation is sent by the DCO to the ADO in a secure and timely manner.
9.2 General Transport starts when the sealed Samples and documentation leave the Doping Control Station and ends with the confirmed receipt of the Samples and Sample collection documentation at their intended destinations.
The main activities are arranging for the secure transport of Samples and related documentation to the WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA, and arranging for the secure transport of Sample collection documentation to the ADO.
9.3Requirements for transport and storage of Samples and documentation
9.3.1The ADO shall authorise a transport system that ensures Samples and documentation will be transported in a manner that protects their integrity, identity and security.
9.3.2The ADO shall develop a system for recording the Chain of Custody of the Samples and Sample collection documentation which includes confirming that both the Samples and Sample collection documentation have arrived at their intended destinations.
9.3.3Sealed Samples shall always be transported to the WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA, using the ADO's authorised transport method as soon as practicable after the completion of the Sample Collection Session.
9.3.4Documentation identifying the Athlete shall not be included with the Samples or documentation sent to the WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA.
9.3.5The DCO shall send all relevant Sample Collection Session documentation to the ADO using the ADO's authorised transport method as soon as practicable after the completion of the Sample Collection Session.
9.3.6Chain of Custody shall be checked by the ADO if receipt of either the Samples with accompanying documentation or Sample collection documentation is not confirmed at their intended destination or a Sample's integrity or identity may have been compromised during transport. In this instance, the ADO shall consider whether the Sample should be voided.
9.3.7Samples shall be stored by the laboratory in accordance with the International Standard for Laboratories.
9.3.8Documentation related to a Sample Collection Session shall be stored by the ADO for a minimum of 8 years.
9.3.9Documentation related to an Anti-Doping Rule Violation shall be stored until no longer relevant
10.0 Ownership of Samples
10.1.The testing authority which initiates testing on the Athlete owns the Samples collected from the Athlete.
10.2.The testing authority may transfer ownership of the Samples to the result management authority.
10.3.When all procedures are completed or if, following the mandatory storage time, no requests for longer storage have been expressed by the testing authority, the Samples can either be discarded or, if Athlete consent has been granted, transferred to research after removing any identification code. In the latter case, anonymous research samples become the property of the laboratory.
11.0 Athlete Whereabouts Requirements
11.1 Basic principles
11.1.1Under the Code, any Athlete must submit to Testing by an authorised Anti-Doping Organization at any time and any place, whether he or she is In-Competition or Out-of-Competition. The Athlete does not have to be specially designated to become subject to such requirement; his or her mere participation in a Code-compliant sport is sufficient to trigger it.
11.1.2In addition to this basic requirement, in accordance with Article 14.3 of the Code those Athletes designated for inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool are subject to the following "whereabouts" requirements, which are designed to ensure that they can be located for Testing purposes at any time and any place:
a.a quarterly requirement, as detailed in clause [11.2.1] of this International Standard, to make an Athlete Whereabouts Filing that provides current and accurate.
information about the Athlete's whereabouts during the forthcoming quarter, including (a) identifying where he or she will be living, training and competing during that quarter; and (b) specifying, for each day in the quarter, one 60-minute time-slot where he or she will be available at a specified location for Testing; and
b.a specific requirement to be available for Sample collection at such location for the 60-minute time-slot specified for that day in such filing, as detailed in clause [11.3.1] of this International Standard.
11.1.3A failure to comply with the filing requirements set out at clause [11.2.1] shall amount to a Filing Failure and shall therefore constitute a Whereabouts Failure for purposes of this International Standard.
11.1.4A failure to comply with the availability requirements set out at clause [11.3.1] shall amount to a Missed Test and shall therefore constitute a Whereabouts Failure for purposes of this International Standard.
11.1.5An Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool shall be deemed to have committed an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code if he or she commits a total of three Whereabouts Failures within any 18 (eighteen) month period.
11.1.6Filing Failures and Missed Tests declared by different Anti-Doping Organizations are interchangeable for purposes of clause [11.1.5], above.
In other words, Filing Failures alone, or Missed Tests alone, or any combination of Filina Failures and/or Missed Tests, may give rise to an anti doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code, irrespective of which Anti-Doping Organization declares them, provided that there are three of them in total within any 18-month period.
11.1.7The 18-month period referred to in clause [11.1.5], above, is a rolling period that starts to run on each date that an Athlete commits a filling Failure or a Missed Test. It is not affected by any successful Sample collection conducted with respect to that Athlete during the 18-mornth period but instead continues to run, i.e. if a total of three Whereabots Failures occur during the 18-month period then an anti-doping rule violation is committed under Article 2.4 of the Code, irrespective of any Sample collections successfully carried out in relation to that Athlete during that 18-month period. However, if an Athlete who has committed one Whereabouts Failure does not go on to commit a further two Whereabouts Failures within 18 months of the first, at the end of that 18-month period the first Whereabouts Failure (but only the first Whereabouts Failure) shall "expire" and shall be disregarded thereafter for purposes of clause [11.1.5], above.
11.1.8 Transitional arrangements:
a.for purposes of this clause, the "Effective Date" shall be the date that an Anti-Doping Organization incorporates this version of the International Standard for Testing into its own rules (or, at the latest, as provided in Article 23.6.4 of the Code);
b.this version of the International Standard for Testing shall apply in full to all Whereabouts Failures occurring after the Effective Date and
c.where an Athlete has failed to comply with any whereabouts requirements (declared in accordance with the then-applicable rules of the Anti-Doping Organization in question) in the 18-month period up to the Effective Date, such failures to comply shall be counted as Whereabouts Failures for purposes of, and in accordance with, the provisions of this Section 11.0 of the International Standard for Testing, [unless the tribunal hearing a charge brought in reliance, one such failures determines that fairness requires otherwise].
11.1.9 For the avoidance of doubt:
a.only Athletes who have been designated for inclusion in a Registered, Testing Pool, in accordance with Article
14.3 of the Code, are subject to the whereabouts requirements set out in this International Standard.
Other Athletes are not subject to those whereabouts requirements, and so by definition they cannot commit any Whereabouts Failure or any anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code; and
b.an Athlete who is in a Registered Testing Pool may still be Tested at any time and place, whether or not he or she has specified such time and place in the 60-minute time-slot identified in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing for that day. However, where an attempt is made to Test the Athlete at a time and place that is not specified in that 60-minute time-slot, if that attempt is unsuccessful because the Athlete is not available for Testing at that time and place, the attempt cannot be counted as a Missed Test for purposes of Article 2.4 of the Code.
11.1.10An Athlete who has been designated for inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool shall continue to be subject to the whereabouts requirements set out in this International Standard for Testing unless and until:
a.he or she gives written notice to his or her International Federation, National Anti-Doping Organization and National Federation that he or she has retired from competition in the sport in question; or
b.he or she has been informed that he or she is no longer designated for inclusion in any Registered Testing Pool.
11.2 Filing Failures
11.2.1Before midnight local time (i.e. the Responsible ADO's local
time) on the last day of each quarter (i.e. 31 March, 30 June, 30 September and 31 December, respectively), an Athlete who has been designated for inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool must file the following information with the Responsible ADO:
a.a complete mailing address where correspondence may be sent to him or her for notice purposes. Any notice or other item mailed to that address will be deemed to have been received by the Athlete five business days after it was deposited in the mail; (1)
b.details of any disability of the Athlete that may affect the procedure to be followed in conducting a Sample collection session;
(1).An Anti-Doping Organization may also include other "deemed notice" provisions in its rules, to supplement this basic provision.
c.specific confirmation of the Athlete's consent to the sharing of his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing with other Anti-Doping Organizatio having authority to Test him or her;
d.for each day during the following quarter, the full address of each place where the Athlete will be residing (e.g. home, temporary lodgings, hotel, etc);
e.the name and address of each location where the Athlete will train during the following quarter.
It is riot required to specify for each day in the quarter which training location the Athlete will be using that day, but the Athlete should identify his or her usual training schedule for the quarter (e.g. "Mondays: gym; Tuesdays: track; Wednesdays:
physio", etc);
f.the Athlete's competition schedule for the following quarter including the name and address of each location where the Athlete will compete during the quarter and the date(s) on which he or she will compete at such location(s); and
g.for each day during the following quarter, one specific location and one specific 60-minute time-slot during the day where the Athlete will be available for Testing at that location.
i.To emphasise, the specification of the 60-minute time-slot does not limit the Athlete's availability for Testing to that time slot.
To the contrary, the Athlete remains subject to Testing at any time and place, and Anti-Doping Organizations are entitled, and encouraged, to Test the Athlete outside of the 60-minute time-slot. The significance of the 60-minute time slot is that a Missed Test may be declared if the Athlete is not
available for Testing during that time-slot at the specific location identified in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing for the day in question.
ii.The Athlete can choose which location to identify for this 60 minute time-slot. It could be the Athlete's place of residence training or competition, or it could be another location (e.g.work or school).
iii.In each case, however, the Athlete must provide sufficient information to enable the DCO to find the location, to gain access to the location, and to find the Athlete at the location.For example, declarations such as "running in the forest" are insufficient and likely to result in a Missed Test.
11.2.2When making an Athlete Whereabouts Filing, the Athlete must use the ADAMS or other electronic filing form(s) or the paper form(s) provided by the Responsible ADO for the purpose, or (where no forms are provided) he or she must provide the required information in a clear and comprehensible format.
It is the Athlete's responsibility to ensure that he or she provides all of the information required accurately and in sufficient detail to enable any Anti-Doping Organization wishing to do so to locate the Athlete for Testing on any given day in the quarter, including in particular during the 60-minute time-slot specified for that day in the Athlete Whereabouts Filing.
11.2.3Any Athlete who deliberately provides inaccurate or misleading information in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing, whether in relation to his or her location during the specified daily 60-minute time-slot, or as to his or her whereabouts outside that time-slot, or otherwise, may be charged with providing fraudulent information to anti-doping investigators, [which is an anti-doping rule violation under Article
2.5 of the Code].
11.2.4An Athlete may only be declared to have committed a Filing Failure where the Responsible ADO can establish each of the following:
a.that the Athlete has received proper notice that he or she has been designated for inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool, of the consequent requirement to make Athlete Whereabouts Filings, and of the consequences of any failure to comply with that requirement;
b.that the Athlete has failed to comply with that requirement;
c.that the provisions of clause [11.2.6], below, have been met (if applicable); and
d.that the Athlete's failure to comply was intentional or at least negligent. For these purposes, the Athlete will be presumed to have committed the failure with the requisite fault upon proof that he or she was notified of the requirement yet failed to comply with it. That presumption may only be rebutted by the Athlete establishing that he or she was prevented, because of exceptional circumstances, from complying with the requirement.
Only the most compelling and exceptional factors, not involving any fault on the part of the Athlete, will suffice for these purposes.
11.2.5The Athlete may choose to delegate the making of his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filings to a third party, such as a coach, a National Federation, or other representative.
However, the Athlete remains ultimately responsible at all times for making accurate and complete Athlete Whereabouts Filings. It shall not be a defence to a charge under Article 2.4 of the Code that the Athlete delegated such responsibility to a third party and that third party failed to comply with the applicable requirements.
11.2.6An Athlete may be declared to have committed multiple Filing Failures the same quarter. To avoid unfairness to the Athlete, where he or she has been given notice of an apparent Filing Failure in accordance with clause [11.4.2(a)], below, he or she cannot be declared to have committed another Filing Failure in that quarter unless he or she has failed to cure the initial Filing Failure within 7 (seven) days of receipt of such notice.
11.2.7For purposes of determining whether the relevant Whereabouts Failures have occurred within an 18-month period, a Filing Failure will be deemed to have occurred on the first day of the quarter for which the Athlete fails to make the required filing, or (in the case of any subsequent Filina Failure in the same quarter) on the date that the Athlete receives notice of such, subsequent Filing Failure.
11.3 Missed Tests
11.3.1Without prejudice to the general obligation to submit to Testing at any time and any place, an Athlete who has been designated for inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool must specifically be present and available for Testing on any given day in the relevant quarter during the 60-minute time-slot specified for that day in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing, at the location that
the Athlete has specified for that time-slot in such filing.
11.3.2It is the Athlete's responsibility to ensure that the whereabouts information that he or she provides in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing is sufficient to enable any Anti-Doping Organization to locate him or her for Testing on any given day in the quarter, during the 60-minute time-slot specified for that day in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing. If the information provided is insufficient for that purpose, and as a result a Anti-Doping Organization's attempt to Test the Athlete is unsuccessful then (subject to satisfaction of the requirements of clause [11.3.4], below the unsuccessful attempt shall be deemed a Missed Test and so a Whereabouts Failure.
11.3.3Where any change in circumstances means that the information previously provided by the Athlete (whether in the initial Athlete Whereabouts Filing or in any subsequent update) is no longer accurate or complete (i.e. it is not sufficient to enable any Anti-Doping Organization to locate the Athlete for Testing on any given day in the relevant quarter during the 60-minute time-slot that he or she has specified for that day), the Athlete must update his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing so that the information on file is again accurate and complete prior to the date in question, and in particular prior to the 60-minute time-slot specified in his or her filing for that day. If the Athlete fails to do so, and as a result an attempt to Test him or her during the specified 60-minute time-slot is unsuccessful, then (subject to satisfaction of the requirements of clause [11.3.4], below), the unsuccessful attempt shall be deemed a Missed Test and so a Whereabouts Failure.
11.3.4An Athlete may only be declared to have committed a Missed Test where the Responsible ADO can establish each of the following:
a.that the Athlete has received proper notice that he or she has been designated for inclusion in a Registered Testing Pool, of the consequent requirement to be available for Testing during the 60-minute time-slot specified in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing at the location specified for that time-slot, and of the potential consequences of any failure to comply with that requirements;
b.that a DCO attempted to Test the Athlete on a given day in the quarter, by attending, for the whole of the 60-minute time-slot specified in his or her
Athlete Whereabouts Filing for that day, at the location specified for that time-slot;(2)
c.that during that specified 60-minute time-slot, the DCO did what was reasonable in the circumscances (i.e. given the nature of the specified location) to try to locate the Athlete, short of giving the Athlete any Advance Notice of the Test;
d.that the provisions of clause [11.3.5], below, have been met (if applicable); and
e.that the Athlete's failure to be available for Testing at the specified location during the specified 60-minute time-slot was intentional, or at least negligent. For these purposes, the Athlete will be presumed to have committed the failure with the requisite degree of fault upon proof of the matters set out at sub-clauses [11.3.4(a) to (d)], above. That presumption may only be rebutted by the Athlete establishing that he or she was prevented, because of exceptional circumstances, (i) from being available for Testing at such location during such time-
(2)If the Athlete is not available for Testing at the beginning of the 60-minute time-slot, but becomes available for Testing later on in the 6O-minute time-slot, the DCA should collect the Sample and should not process the attempt as a Missed Test, but should include full details of the delay in availability of the Athlete in the DCO's Sample collection report.
slot and (ii) from updating his/her most recent Athlete Whereabout Filing to give notice of a different location where he or she would instead be available for Testing during a specified 60-minute time slot on the relevant day. Only the most compelling exceptional factors, not involving any fault on the part of the Athlete, will suffice for these purposes.
11.3.5To ensure fairness to the Athlete, where an unsuccessful attempt has been made to Test an Athlete during one of the 60-minute time-slots specified in his or her Athlete Whereabouts Filing, any subsequent attempt to Test that Athlete (by the same or any other Anti-Doping Organization) may only be counted as a Missed Test against that Athlete if the subsequent attempt takes place at least 7 (seven) days after the Athlete has received notice, in accordance with clause [11.4.3(b)], below, of the original unsuccessful attempt.
11.3.6For purposes of determining whether the relevant Whereabouts
Failure have occurred within an 18-month period, a Missed Test will be deemed to have occurred on the date that the Sample collection was unsuccessfull attempted.
11.4 Results Management
11.4.1Annex A of the International Standard for Testing ("Investigating a possible failure to comply") shall not apply with respect to Whereabout Failures. Instead, the provisions of this section [11.4] shall apply.
11.4.2The results management process in respect of an apparent Filing Failure shall be as follows:
a.no later than 10 (ten) days after the date of the apparent Filing Failure, the Responsible ADO must send notice to the Athlete in question of the apparent Filing Failure, inviting the Athlete to explain any exceptional circumstances causing such Filing Failure within 21 days of receipt of the notice, and warning the Athlete:
i.that if no explanation is offered by the deadline then he or she will not be entitled to dispute the alleged Filing Failure at any subsequent hearing, but instead will be deemed to have admitted such Filing Failure;
and iithat if an explanation is received by the deadline but is not found to be sufficient to excuse the apparent Filing Failure then (subject to the remainder of the results managemen process set out below) he or she will be deemed to have committed a Whereabouts Failure;
b.where the Athlete responds within the specified deadline, the Responsible ADO must assess any explanation offered by the Athlete against the criteria set out in clause [11.3.4(e)], above, and must advise the Athlete, by letter sent no later than 30 days after receipt of the Athlete's response, whether or not the explanation is accepted as satisfactory and (if not) that therefore the failure is to be treated as a Whereabouts Failure. The Responsible ADO shall at the same time advise the Athlete that he or she has the right (which must be exercised within 21 days of receipt of the advice) to request an administrative review of the alleged Filing Failure, that he or she does not have to exercise such right, but that if he or she does not exercise such right then he or she will not be entitled to dispute the Filing Failure at any subsequent hearing, but instead will be deemed to have admitted such Filing Failure;
c.where requested, such administrative review shall be
conducted by a three-member panel composed of designees of the Responsible ADO (none of whom may have been involved in the previous assessment of the apparent Filing Failure), shall be based on written submissions only, and shall consider whether all of the requirements of clause .[11.2.4] are met. The review shall be completed within 30 (thirty) days of receipt of the Athlete's request and the decision shall be communicated to the Athlete by letter sent no more than 10 (ten) days after the decision is made;
d.if it appears to the panel that the requirements of clause [11.2.4] have not been met, then the alleged Filing Failure shall not be treated as a Whereabouts Failure for any purpose; and
e.if the Athlete does not offer any explanation in the first place, or the explanation he or she offeers is rejected, or the Athlete does not request an administrative review of the matter by the relevant deadline, or if the panel conducting the administrative review concludes that all of the requirements of clause [11.2.4] have been met, then the Responsible ADO shall record a Filing Failure against the Athlete and shall notify all other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations of that Filing Failure and the date of its occurrence(3) 3 For the avoidance of doubt, the Responsible ADO is not precluded from notifying other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations of the alleged Filing Failure at an earlier stage of the results management process. Rather, the Responsible ADO is entitled to do so, where it considers it appropriate (for Test planning purposes or otherwise).
11.4.3The results management process in the case of an apparent Missed Test shall be as follows:
a.the DCO shall file a Missed Test Report with his or her Anti-Doping Organization, setting out the details of the attempted Sample collection, including the date of the attempted Sample collection, the location visited, the exact arrival and departure times at the location the step(s) taken at the location to try to find the Athlete, including details of any contact made with third parties, and any other relevant details;
b.no later than 10 (ten) days after the date of the attempted Sample collection, the Anti-Doping Organization that attempted the Test must send notice to the Athlete in question of the apparent Missed Test, inviting the Athlete to explain any exceptional circumstances causing such Missed Test within 21 days of receipt of the notice, and warning the Athlete:
i.that if no explanation is offered by that deadline then he or she will not be entitled to dispute the alleged Missed Test any subsequent hearing, but instead will be deemed to have admitted such Missed Test; and iithat if an explanation is received by the deadline but is not found to be sufficient to excuse the apparent Missed Test then (subject to the remainder of the results management process set out below he or she will be deemed to have committed a Whereabouts Failure;
c.where the Athlete responds within the specified deadline, the Anti Doping Organization that attempted to Test the Athlete must assess any explanation offered by the Athlete against the criteria set out in clause [11.3.4(c)], above, and must advise the Athlete, by letter sent no later than 30 days after receipt of the Athlete's respons whether the explanation is accepted as satisfactory and (if not) that therefore the unsuccessful attempt is to be treated as a Whereabouts Failure. The Responsible ADO shall at the same time advise the Athlete that he or she has the right (which must be exercised within 21 days of receipt of the advice) to request an administrative review of the alleged Filing Failure, that he or she does not have to exercise such right, but that if he or she does not exercise such right then he or she will not be entitled to dispute the Filing Failure at any subsequent hearing, but instead will be deemed to have admitted such Missed Test. The Missed Test Report must be provided to the Athlete at this point if it has not been provided earlier in the proces
d.where requested, such administrative review shall be conducted by a three-member panel composed of designees of the Anti-Doping Organization that attempted the Test (none of whom may have been involved in the previous assessment of the apparent Missed Test), shall be based on written submissions alone, and shall consider whether all of the requirements of clause [11.3.4] are met. If necessary, the relevant DCO may be asked to provide further information to the panel. The review shall be completed within 30 (thirty) days of receipt of the Athlete's request and the decision shall be communicated to the Athlete by letter sent no more than 10 (ten) days after the decision is made;
e.if it appears to the panel that the requirements of clause [11.3.4] have not been met, then the attempt to Test the Athlete shall not be treated
as a Whereabouts Failure for any purpose; and
f.if the Athlete does offer any explanation in the first place, or the explanation he or she offers is rejected, or the Athlete does not request an administrative review of the matter by the relevant deadline, or if the panel conducting the review concludes that all of the requirements of clause [11.3.4] have been met, then the Anti- Doping Organization that attempted the Test shall record a Missed Test against the Athlete and shall notify all other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations of that Missed Test and the date of its occurrence (4)
11.4.4Departures from the deadlines for action applied to the Responsible ADO in clause [11.4.2] or clause [11.4.3] [or elsewhere in this International Standard] shall not invalidate the proceedings or create a defence to a charge that an Athlete has committed an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code, unless such departures have materially prejudiced the ability of the Athlete to defend him or herself from such charge. If the Athlete establishes that one or more such departures has occurred, then the Responsible ADO shall have the burden to establish that such departure(s) did not materially prejudice the ability of the Athlete to defend him or herself.
11.4.5The Responsible ADO shall keep a record of all Whereabouts Failures recorded in respect of each Athlete within its Registered Testing Pool.
Where such an Athlete commits 3 (three) Whereabouts Failures within any 18-month period:
(4) For the avoidance of doubt, 'the Responsible ADO is not precluded from notifying other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations of the alleged Missed Test at an earlier stage of the results management process. Rather, the Responsible ADO is entitled to do so, where it considers it appropriate (for Test planning purposes or otherwise).
a.the Anti-Doping Organization whose pool the Athlete was in as of the date of the third Whereabouts Failure shall be deemed the Responsible ADO, with the primary right and tre responsibility to file and pursue a charge against the Athlete for an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code.(5) If one or more of the Whereabouts Failures in question was reported to the Responsible ADO by another Anti-Doping Organization, the Responsible ADO shall have the right to request, and that Anti-Doping Organization shall have the duty to provide, such further information about the Whereabouts
Failure(s) as the Responsible ADO may reasonably require in order to assess the strength of the evidence of such Whereabouts Failure(s) and to bring a charge under Article 2.4 of the Code in reliance thereon. If the Responsible ADO decides in good faith that the evidence in relation to such Whereabouts Failure(s) is insufficient to support such a charge under Article 2.4 of the Code, then it may decline to bring a charge based on such Whereabouts Failure (s);
b.where the Responsible ADO declines to bring a charge under Article 2.4 of the Code based on a Whereabouts Failure declared by another Anti-Doping Organization, that other Anti-Doping Organization may bring such a charge. In such circumstances, to the extent that the charge is also based on other Whereabouts Failures, it shall have the right to request, and the Anti-Doping Organization that declared such other Whereabouts Failure(s) shall have a duty to provide, such further information about the Whereabouts Failure(s) as it shall reasonably require in order to assess the strength of the evidence of such Whereabouts Failure(s) and to bring a charge under Article 2.4 of the Code in reliance thereon; and
c.if no Anti-Doping Organization brings a charge against an Athlete under Article 2.4 of the Code within 30 (thirty) days of his or her third Whereabouts Failure in any 18-month period, then it shall be deemed that the Responsible ADO has decided that no anti-doping rule violation was committed, for purposes of triggering the appeal rights set out at Article 13 (in particular Article 13.2) of the Code In such circumstances, WADA shall have the right to request, and the Anti-Doping Organization(s) that declared such Whereabouts Failure(s) shall have a duty to provide, such further information about the Whereabouts Failure(s) as WADA shall reasonably require
(5) If the Athlete is in both an International and a National Registered Testing Pool as of the date of the third Whereabouts Failure, the Responsible ADO for these purposes shall be the International Federation.
in order to assess the strength of the evidence of such Whereabouts Failure(s) and to bring an appeal in accordance with Article 13 of the Code.
11.4.6An Athlete charged with an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code shall have the right to have
such charge determined at a full evidentiary hearing in accordance with Article 8 of the Code. At such hearing, the Athlete may not dispute, but instead shall be deemed to have admitted, any alleged Whereabouts Failure where the Athlete did not offer a timely explanation at the initial results management stage, or offered an explanation that was rejected as insufficient but then did not request an administrative review of that rejection. Otherwise, however, the tribunal shall not be bound by any determination made during the results management process, whether as to the adequacy of any explanation offered for a Whereabouts Failure or otherwise. Instead, the burden shall, be on the Anti-Doping Organization bringing the charge to establish all of the requisite elements of each Whereabouts Failure relied upon in support of the charge.
11.4.7The Anti-Doping Organization that charges an Athlete with an anti-doping violation under Article 2.4 of the Code shall also consider in good faith whether or not a Provisional Suspension should be imposed on the Athlete pending determination of the charge.
11.4.8A finding that an Athlete has committed an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.4 of the Code will have the following Consequences under the Code:
a.imposition of a period of Ineligibility in accordance with Article 10.3.3 of the Code (first offence) or Article 10.7 of the Code (second offence); and
b.in accordance with Article
10.8 of the Code, Disqualification (unless fairness requires otherwise) of all competitive results obtained from' the date of the anti-doping rule violation through to the date of commencement of any Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility period, with all of the resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes. For these purposes, the anti-doping rule violation shall be deemed to have occurred on the date of the third Whereabouts Failure found by the tribunal to have occurred.
11.5 Responsibilities of Anti-Doping Organizations
11.5.1The International Federation is responsible for the following:
a.designating Athletes for inclusion in the International Registered Testing Pool, and revising the list of designated Athletes as appropriate from time to time, all in accordance with Article 14.3 of the Code;
b.notifying each Athlete designated for inclusion in the International Registered Testing Pool:
i.of the fact that he or she has been designated for inclusion in the International Registered Testing Pool;
ii.of the whereabouts requirements with which he or she must comply as a result of such inclusion; and iii.of the potential Consequences if he or she fails to comply with such requirements;
c.establishing a workable system for the collection, maintenance and sharing of Athlete Whereabouts Filings made by Athletes in the International Registered Testing pool (6) preferably using an on-line system (capable of recording who Enters information and when) or at least fax, e-mail and/or SMS text messaging, to ensure that:
i.the information provided by the Athlete is stored safely and securely (ideally in ADAMS or another centralized database system of similar functionality);
ii.the information can be accessed by (A) individuals acting on behalf of the International Federation on a need-to-know basis only;
(B) WADA;
and (C) other Anti-Doping Organizations with authority to Test the Athlete(s) in question, in accordance with Article 14.3 of the Code; and iii.the information is maintained in strict confidence at all time, is used by the International Federation exclusively for the purpose of planning, coordinating or conducting Testing, and is destroyed in accordance with relevant confidentiality requirements after it is no longer relevant;
(6) Where an Athlete has been designated for inclusion in both an International and a National Registered Testing Pool, to avoid duplication of effort and in particular to ensure that such Athlete is only required to provide Athlete Whereabouts Information to one Anti Doping Organization, the National Anti-Doping Organization shall be deemed to be the Responsible ADO for that Athlete for such purposes, and in those circumstances the Athlete will only be required to provide Athlete Whereabouts Information to his or her National Anti-Doping Organization.
d.conducting results management in accordance with clause [11.4] in respect of:
i.any potential Filing Failure on the part of an Athlete in the International Registered Testing Pool; and ii.any potential Missed Test in respect of such Athlete, where the unsuccessful attempt to Test was made on behalf of the International Federation; and
e.where the International Federation determines, in
accordance with clause (11.4.5), above, that an Athlete has a case to answer under Article 2.4 of the Code, bringing and pursuing a charge against that Athlete in accordance with Article 8 of the Code.
11.5.2 Notwithstanding clause [11.5.1], above:
a.an International Federation may agree with a National Anti-Doping Organization or Regional Anti-Doping Organization on the delegation of some or all of the responsibilities set out in sub-clauses [11.5.1(b) to (e)], above, to the National Anti-Doping Organization or Regional Anti-Doping Organization;
b.an International Federation may delegate some or all of the responsibilities set out in clause [11.5.1], above, to the relevant Athlete's National Federation; or
c.where WADA determines that the International Federation is not discharging some or all of its responsibilities set out in clause [11.5.1], above, WADA may delegate some or all of those responsibilities to any other appropriate Anti-Doping Organization.
11.5.3The National Anti-Doping Organization is responsible for the following:
a.designating Athletes for inclusion in the National Registered Testing Pool, and revising the list of designated Athletes as appropriate from time to time, all in accordance with Article 14.3 of the Code;
b.notifying each Athlete designated for inclusion in the National Registered Testing Pool:
i.of the fact that he or she has been designated for inclusion in the National Registered Testing Pool;
ii.of the whereabouts requirements with which he or she must comply as a result of such inclusion; and iii.of the potential Consequences if he or she fails to comply with such requirements;
c.establishing a workable system for the collection, maintenance and sharing of Athlete Whereabouts Filings made by Athletes in the National Registered Testing Pool, preferably using an on-line system (capable of recording who enters information and when) or at least fax, e-mail and/or SMS text messaging, to ensure that:
i.the information is stored safely and securely (ideally in ADAMS or another centralized database system of similar functionality and security);
ii.the information can be accessed by (A) individuals acting on behalf of the National Anti-Doping Organization on a need-to know basis only;
(B) WADA;
and (C) other Anti-Doping Organizations with authority to
test the Athlete(s) in question, in accordance with Article 14.3 of the Code; and iii.the information is maintained in strict confidence at all times is used by the National Anti-Doping Organization exclusively for the purpose of planning, coordinating or conducting Testing, and is destroyed in accordance with relevant confidentiality requirements after it is no longer relevant;
d.conducting results management in accordance with clause (11.4) above, in respect of:
i.any potential Filing Failure on the part of an Athlete in the National Registered Testing Pool;
and ii.any Missed Test in respect of such Athlete, where the unsuccessful attempt to Test the Athlete was made on behalf of the National Anti-Doping Organization; and
e.where the National Anti-Doping Organization determines, in accordance with clause [11.4.5], above, that an Athlete in the National Registered Testing Pool has a case to answer under Article 2.4 of the Code, bringing and pursuing a charge against that Athlete in accordance with Article 8 of the Code.
11.5.4 Notwithstanding clause [11.5.3], above:
a.a National Anti-Doping Organization may delegate some or all of the responsibilities set out in clause [11.5.3], above, to the relevant Athlete's National Federation or other appropriate Anti-Doping Organization with authority over the Athlete in question;
b.where no appropriate National Anti-Doping Organization exists, a Regional Anti-Doping Organization may assume the responsibilities of the National Anti-Doping Organization set out at clause [11.5.3], above; and
c.where no appropriate National Anti-Doping Organization or Regional Anti-Doping Organization exists, the National Olympic Committee shall assume the responsibilities of the National Anti-Doping Organization set out at clause [11.5.3], above.
11.5.5In addition to any specific responsibilities delegated to it in accordance with clause [11.5.2] or clause [11.5.4], above, a National Federation must use its best efforts to assist the Responsible ADO in collecting Athlete Whereabouts Filings from Athletes within that National Federation's jurisdiction, including (without limitation) making special provision in its rules for that purpose.
11.5.6Any Anti-Doping Organization with authority to collect Samples from an Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool, in accordance with Article 15 of the Code:
a.may access that Athlete's Athlete Whereabouts Filings, as
filed with the Responsible ADO, for use in conducting such Sample collection, in accordance with Article 14.3 of the Code, provided that:
i.it shall ensure that such information is accessed by individuals acting on behalf of the Anti-Doping Organization on a need-to-know basis only, is maintained in strict confidence at all times, is used exclusively for the purpose of planning, coordinating or conducting testing, and is destroyed in accordance with relevant confidentiality requirements after it is no longer relevant; and ii.it shall have due regard, in accordance with Article
15.2 of the Code, to the need to co-ordinate its Sample collection activities with the Sample collection activities of other Anti-Doping Organizations, in order to maximize the effectiveness of the combined Testing effort and to avoid unnecessary repetitive testing of individual Athletes;
b.must provide the most current Athlete Whereabouts Filing to the DCO charged with collecting a Sample from the Athlete, and must issue the DCO with clear instructions as to how he or she should go about attempting to locate the Athlete, in accordance with clause [11.3.4(d)], above;
c.must conduct results management in respect of any apparent Missed Test arising out of its attempt to Test the Athlete, in accordance with clause [11.4.3], above;
d.must report Whereabouts Failures promptly to the Responsible ADO for the Athlete in question; and
e.must cooperate as reasonably requested with the Responsible ADO in its investigation of any such Whereabouts Failures and in its pursuit of any charge brought in reliance on such Whereabouts Failure, including providing any further information requested and producing witnesses and/or documentation as required to evidence in any disciplinary or related proceedings, any facts within its knowledge on which the charge is based.
PART THREE: ANNEXES Annex A -Investigating a possible Failure to Comply A.1 Objective To ensure that any matters occurring before, during or after a Sample Collection Session that may lead to a determination of a Failure to Company are assessed, documented and acted upon.
A.2 Scope Investigating a possible Failure to Comply begins when the ADO or a DCO becomes aware of a potential Failure to Comply and ends when
the ADO takes appropriate follow-up action based on the outcomes of its investigation.
A.3 Responsibility A.3.1The ADO is responsible for ensuring that:
a)Athletes and support personnel are fully aware of their responsibilities under the Code.
b)An investigation of the potential Failure to Comply is instigated based on all relevant information and documentation.
c)The Athlete or other party is informed of the potential Failure to Comply in writing and has the opportunity to-respond.
d) The evaluation grocess is documented e)The final determination is made available to other ADOs in accordance with the Code.
A. 3.2 The DCO is responsible for:
a)Informing the Athlete or other party of the consequences of a potential Failure to Comply a)Completing the Athlete's sample collection session where possible.
b)Providing a detailed written report of any potential Failure to Comply.
A.3.3 Sample Collection Personnel are responsible for:
a)Informing the Athlete or other party of the consequences of a potential Failure to Comply b)Reporting to the DCO any potential Failure to Comply.
A.4 Requirements A.4.1Any potential Failure to Comply shall be reported by the DCO and/or followed up by the ADO as soon as practicable.
A.4.2If the ADO determines that, in accordance with its regulations, there has been a potential Failure to Comply the Athlete or other party shall be promptly notified in writing:
a) Of the possible consequences;
b)That a potential Failure to Comply will be investigated by the ADO appropriate follow-up action will be taken.
A.4.3Any additional necessary information abaut the potential Failure to comply shall be obtained from all relevant sources, including the Athlete or other party as soon as possible and recorded.
A.4.4The ADO shall establish a system for ensuring that the outcomes of its investigation into the potential Failure to Comply are considered for result management action and, if applicable, for further planning and Target Testing.
Annex B -Modifications for Athletes with disabilities
B.1 Objective To ensure that the special needs of Athletes with disabilities are considered, where possible, in relation to the provision of a Sample, without compromising the integrity of the Sample Collection Session.
B.2 Scope Determining whether modifications are necessary starts with identification of situations where Sample collection involves Athletes with disabilities and ends with modifications to Sample collection procedures and equipment where necessary and where possible.
B.3 Responsibility The ADO has responsibility for ensuring, when possible, that the DCO has any information and Sample Collection Equipment necessary to conduct a Sample Collection Session with an Athlete with a disabiiity.
The DCO has responsibility for Sample collection.
B.4 Requirements B.4.1All aspects of notification and Sample collection for Athletes with disabilities shall be carried out in accordance with the standard notification and Sample collection procedures unless modifications are necessary due to the Athlete's disability.
B.4.2In planning or arranging Sample collection, the ADO and DCO shall consider whether there will be any Sample collection for Athletes with disabilities that may require modifications to the standard procedures for notification or Sample collection, including Sample Collection Equipment and facilities.
B.4.3The DCO shall have the authority to make modifications as the situation requires when possible and as long as such modifications will not compromise the identity, security or integrity of the Sample.
B.4.4For Athletes with a physical disability or a sensorial disability, the Athlete can be assisted by the Athlete's representative or Sample Collection Personnel during the Sample Collection Session where authorised by the Athlete and agreed to by the DCO.
B.4.5For Athletes with an intellectual disability, the ADO or DCO shall determine whether the Athlete must have a representative at the Sample Collection Session and the nature of the assistance that the representative must provide. Additional assistance can be provided by the representative or Sample Collection Personnel during the Sample Collection Session where authorised by the
Athlete and agreed to by the DCO.
B.4.6The DCO can decide that alternative Sample Collection Equipment or facilities will be used when required to enable the Athlete to provide the Sample as long as the Sample's identity, security and integrity will not be affected.
B.4.7Athletes who are using urine collection or drainage systems are required to eliminate existing urine from such systems before providing a urine Sample for analysis.
B.4.8The DCO will record modifications made to the standard Sample collection procedures for Athletes with disabilities, including any applicable modifications specified in the above actions.
Annex C -Collection of urine Samples C.1 Objective To collect an Athlete's urine Sample in a manner that ensures:
a)Consistency with relevant principles of internationally recognised standard precautions in healthcare settings so that the health and safety of the Athlete and Sample Collection Personnel are not compromised;
b)The Sample meets the Suitable pH for Analysis, the Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis and the Suitable Volume of Urine for Analisis. Failure of a sample to meet these requirements in no way invalidates the suitability of the sample for doping control and for analysis. The determination of a Sample's suitability for analysis is the decision of the relevant laboratory, in consultation with the ADO.
c)The Sample has not been manipulated, substituted, contaminated or otherwise tampered with in any way.
d) The Sample is clearly and accurately identified; and e) The Sample is securely sealed.
C.2 Scope The collection of a urine Sample begins with ensuring the Athlete is informed of the Sample collection requirements and ends with discarding any residual urine remaining at the end of the Athlete's Sample Collection Session.
C.3 Responsibility The DCO has the responsibility for ensuring that each Sample is properly collected, identified and sealed.
The DCO/Chaperone has the responsibility for directly witnessing the passing of the urine Sample.
C.4 Requirements
C.4.1The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is informed of the requirements of the Sample collection, including any modifications as provided for in Annex B -Modifications for Athletes with disabilities.
C.4.2The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is offered a choice of appropriate equipment for collecting the Sample. If the nature of an Athlete's disability requires that he/she must use additional or other equipment as provided for in Annex B -Modifications for Athletes with disabilities, the DCO shall inspect that equipment to ensure that it will not affect the identity or integrity of the Sample.
C.4.3The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select a collection vessel.
C.4.4When the Athlete selects a collection vessel and for selection of all other Sample Collection Equipment that directly holds the urine Sample, the will instruct the Athlete to check that all seals on the selected equipment are intact and the equipment has not been tampered with. If the Athlete is not satisfied with the selected equipment, he/she may select another. If the Athlete is not satisfied with any of the equipment available for the selection, this shall be recorded by the DCO.
If the DCO does not agree with the Athlete's opinion that all of the equipment available for the selection is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to proceed with the Sample Collection Session. If the DCO agrees with the reasons put forward by the Athlete that all of the equipment available for the selection is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall terminate the collection of the Athlete's urine Sample and this shall be recorded by the DCO.
C.4.5The Athlete shall retain control of the collection vessel and any Sample provided until the Sample is sealed, unless assistance is required by an Athlete's disability as provided for in Annex B -Modifications for Athletes with disabilities.
C.4.6The DCO/Chaperone who witnesses the passing of the Sample shall be of the same gender as the Athlete providing the Sample.
C.4.7The DCO/Chaperone and Athlete shall proceed to an area of privacy to collect a Sample.
C.4.8The DCO/Chaperone shall ensure an unobstructed view of the Sample leaving the Athlete's body and record the witnessing in writing.
C.4.9The DCO shall verify, in full view of the Athlete, that the Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis has been
provided.
C.4.10Where the volume of urine is insufficient, the DCO shall conduct a partial Sample collection procedure as prescribed in Annex E -Urine Samples - insufficient volume.
C.4.11The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select a Sample collection kit containing A and B bottles in accordance with C.4.4.
C.4.12Once a Sample collection kit has been selected, the DCO and the Athlete shall check that all code numbers match and that this code number is recorded accurately by the DCO.
If the Athlete or DCO finds that the numbers are not the same, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to choose another kit in accordance with C.4.4. The DCO shall record the matter.
C.4.13The Athlete shall pour the minimum Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis into the B bottle (to a minimum of 30mL for full or part menu analysis and 40mL for EPO analysis), and then pour the remainder of the urine into the A bottle (to a minimum of 45mL for full or part menu analysis and 60mL for EPO analysis). If more than the minimum Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis has been provided, the DCO shall ensure that the Athlete fills the A bottle to capacity as per the recommendation of the equipment manufacture. Should there still be urine remaining, the DCO shall ensure that the Athlete fills the B bottle to capacity as per the recommendation of the equipment manufacture. The Athlete shall ensure that a small amount of urine is left in the collection vessel.
C.4.14Urine should only be discarded when both the A and B bottles have been filled to capacity in accordance with C.4.13.
The Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis shall be viewed as an absolute minimum.
C.4.15The Athlete shall seal the bottles as directed by the DCO.The DCO shall check, in full view of the Athlete, that the bottles have been properly sealed.
C.4.16The DCO shall test the residual urine in the collection vessel to determine if the Sample is likely to meet the Suitable pH for Analysis and Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis. If the requirements are not met, then the DCO shall follow Annex F -Urine Samples that do not meet requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis
C.4.17The DCO shall ensure any residual urine that will not be sent for analysis is discarded in full view of the Athlete.
Annex D -Collection of blood Samples D.I Objective To collect an Athlete's blood Sample iri a manner that ensures:
a)The health and safety of the Athlete and Sample Collection Personnel are not compromised;
b)The Sample is of a quality and quantity that meets the relevant analytical guidelines;
c)The Sample has not been manipulated, substituted, contaminated or otherwise tampered with in any way d)The Sample is clearly and accurately identified; and e) The Sample is securely sealed.
D.2 Scope The collection of a blood Sample begins with ensuring the Athlete is informed of the Sample collection requirements and ends with properly storing the Sample prior to dispatch for analysis at the WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA.
D.3 Responsibility D.3.1The DCO has the responsibility for ensuring that:
a)Each Sample is properly collected, identified and sealed; and b)All Samples have been properly stored and dispatched in accordance with the relevant analytical guidelines. .
D.3.2 The Blood Collection Officer has the responsibility for collecting the blood Sample, answering related questions during the provision of the Sample, and proper disposal of used blood sampling equipment not required for completing the Sample Collection Session.
D.4 Requirements, D.4.1Procedures involving blood shall be consistent with relevant principles of internationally recognised standard precautions in health care settings.
D.4.2Blood Sample Collection Equipment shall consist of an A sample tube and a B sample tube.
D.4.3The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is informed of the requirements of the Sample collection, including any modifications as provided for in Annex B -Modifications for Athletes with disabilities.
D.4.4The DCO/Chaperone and Athlete shall proceed to the area where
the Sample will be provided.
D.4.6The DCO shall ensure the Athlete is offered comfortable conditions including being in a relaxed position for at least 10 minutes prior to providing a Sample.
D.4.7The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select the Sample collection kit/s required for collecting the Sample and to check that the selected' equipment has not been tampered with and the seals are intact. If the Athlete is not satisfied with a selected kit, he/she may select another. If the Athlete is not satisfied with any kits and no others are available, this shall be recorded by the DCO.
If the DCO does not agree with the Athlete's opinion that all of the available kits are unsatisfactory, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to proceed with the Sample Collection Session.
If the DCO agrees with the reasons put forward by the Athlete that all available kits are unsatisfactory, the DCO shall terminate the collection of the Athlete's blood Sample and this shall be recorded by the DCO D.4.8When a Sample collection kit has been selected, the DCO and the Athlete shall check that all code numbers match and that this code number is recorded accurately by the DCO.
If the Athlete or DCO finds that the numbers are not the same, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to choose another kit in acccordance with D.4.6. The DCO shall record the matter.
D.4.9The Blood Collection Officer shall clean the skin with a sterile disinfectant wipe or swab in a location unlikely to adversely affect the Athlete or his/her performance and, if required, apply a tourniquet.The Blood Collection Officer shall take the blood Sample from a superficial vein into the final collection container.
The tourniquet, if applied, shall be immediatetly removed after the venipuncture has been made.
D.4.10The amount of blood removed shall be adequate to satisfy the relevant analytical requirements for the Sample analysis to be performed.
D.4.11If the amount of blood that can be removed from the Athlete at the first attempt is insufficient, the Blood Collection Officer shall repeat the procedure. Maximum attempts shall be three. Should all attempts fail, then the Blood Collection Officer shall inform the DCO.The DCO shall terminate the collection of the blood Sample and record this and the reasons for terminating the
collection.
f 0.4.12The Blood Collection Officer shall apply a dressing to the puncture site/s.
D.4.13The Blood Collection Officer shall dispose of used blood sampling equipment not required for completing the Sample Collection Session in accordance with the required standards for handling blood.
D.4.14If the Sample requires further processing, such as centrifugation or on-site separation of serum, the Athlete shall remain to observe the Sample until final sealing in secure, tamper evident kit.
D.4.15The Athlete shall seal his/her Sample into the Sample collection kit as directed by the DCO In full view of the Athlete, the DCO shall check that the sealing is satisfactory.
D.4.16The sealed Sample shall be stored in a manner that protects its integrity, identity -and security prior to transport from the Doping Control Station to the WADA accredited laboratory or as otherwise approved by WADA.
Annex E -Urine Samples -Insufficient volume E.l Objective To ensure that where a Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis is not provided, appropriate procedures are followed.
E.2 Scope The procedure begins with informing the Athlete that the Sample is not of Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis and ends with the provision of a Sample of sufficient volume.
E.3 Responsibility The DCO has the responsibility for declaring the Sample volume insufficient and for collecting the additional Sample/s to obtain a combined Sample of sufficient volume.
E.4 Requirements E.4.1If the Sample collected is of insufficient volume, the DCO shall inform the Athlete that a further Sample shall be collected to meet the Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis requirements.
E.4.2The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select partial Sample Collection Equipment in accordance with C.4.4.
E.4.3The DCO shall then instruct the Athlete to open the relevant equipment, pour the insufficient Sample into the container and seal it as directed by the DCO. The DCO shall check, in full view of the Athlete, that the container has been properly sealed.
E.4.4The DCO and the Athlete shall check that the equipment code number, and the volume and identity of the insufficient Sample are recorded accurately by the DCO. Either the Athlete or the DCO shall retain control of the sealed partial Sample.
E.4.5While waiting to provide an additional Sample, the Athlete shall remain under continuous observation and be given the opportunity to hydrate.
E.4.6When the Athlete is able to provide an additional Sample, the procedures for collection of the Sample shall be repeated as prescribed in Annex C -Collection of urine Samples until a sufficient volume of urine will be provided by combining the initial and additional Sample/s.
E.4.7When the DCO is satisfied that the requirements for Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis have been met, the DCO and Athlete shall check the integrity of the seal/s on the partial Sample containers containing the previously provided insufficient Sample/s Any irregularity with the integrity of the seal/s will be recorded by the DCO and investigated according to Annex A -Investigating a possible failure to comply.
E.4.8The DCO shall then direct the Athlete to break the seal/s and combine the Samples, ensuring that additional Samples are added sequentially to the first Sample collected until, as a minimum, the requirement for Suitable Volume of Urine for Analisis is met.
E.4.9The DCO shall check the residual urine to ensure that it meets the requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis and the Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis.
E.4.10Urine should only be discarded when both the A and B bottles have been filled to capacity in accordance with C.4.13.
The Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis shall be viewed as an absolute minimum.
E.4.11The DCO and Athlete shall then continue with C.4.11.
Annex F- Urine Samples that do not meet requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis F.1 Objective
To ensure that when the urine Sample does not meet the requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, appropriate procedures are followed.
F.2 Scope The procedure begins with the DCO informing the Athlete that a further Sample is required and ends with the collection of a Sample that meets pH and specific gravity requirements, or appropriate follow-up action by the ADO if required.
F.3 Responsibility The ADO is responsible for establishing procedures to ensure that a suitable sample is collected, and that criteria for postponing a Sample Collection session in exceptional cirumstances are in place. If the additional Sample/s collected do not meet this International Standard's requirements for analysis, and the DCO determines that for logistical reasons it is impossible to continue with the Sample Collection Session in accordance with the criteria set by the ADO, the ADO is responsible for scheduling a new Sample Collection Session for the Athlete and, if required, taking subsequent appropriate action.
The DCO is responsible for collectiny additional Samples until a suitable sample is obtained or until it is determined that a new Sam ole Collection Session must be scheduled.
F.4 Requirements F.4.1The DCO shall determine that the requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis have not been met.
F.4.2The DCO shall inform the Athlete that he/she is required to provide a further Sample.
F.4.3While waiting to provide additional Samples, the Athlete shall remain under continuous observation.
F.4.4The Athlete shall be encouraged not to hydrate excessively, since this may delay the production of a suitable Sample.
F.4.5When the Athlete is able to provide an additional Sample, the DCO shall repeat the procedures for collection of the Sample as prescribed in Annex C -Collection of urine Sample.
F.4.6The DCO shall continue to collect additional Samples until the requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis are met, or until the DCO determines that for there are exceptional
circumstances which mean that for logistical reasons it is impossible to continue with the Sample Collection session.
F.4.7The DCO shall record that the Samples collected belong to a single Athlete and the order in which the Samples were provided.
F.4.8The DCO shall then continue with C.4.16.
F.4.9If it is determined that none of the Athlete's Samples meet the requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis and the DCO determines that for logistical reasons it is impossible to continue with the Sample Collection session. the ADO is responsible for scheduling a new Sample Collection Session for the Athlete.
F.4.10If the subsequent Target Testing Sample Collection Session also results in Samples that do not meet the requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, the ADO shall investigate a possible Anti-Doping Rule Violation.
F.4.11The DCO shall send to the laboratory for analysis all samples which were collected, irrespective of whether or not they meet the requirements for Suitable pH for Analysis or Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis.
Failure of a sample to meet these requirements in no way invalidates the suitability of the sample for doping control and for analysis. The determination of a Sample's suitability for analysis is the decision of the relevant laboratory in conjunction with the ADO.
F.4.12The relevant laboratory shall, in conjunction with the ADO, determine which samples shall be analyzed in accordance with the ISL.
Annex G -Sample Collection Personnel Requirements G.l Objective To ensure that Sample Collection Personnel have no conflict of interest and have adequate qualifications and experience to conduct Sample collection sessions.
G.2 Scope Sample Collection Personnel requirements start with the development of the necessary competencies for Sample Collection Personnel and end with the provision of identifiable accreditation.
G.3 Responsibility
The ADO has the responsibility for all activities defined in this Annex G.
G.4 Requirements -Qualifications and Training G.4.1The ADO shall determine the necessary competence and qualification requirements for the positions of Doping Control Officer, Chaperone and Blood Collection Officer. The ADO shall develop duty statements for all Sample Collection Personnel that outline their respective responsibilities. As a minimum:
a)Sample Collection Personnel shall be of adult age.
b)Blood Collection Officers shall have adequate qualifications and practical skills required to perform blood collection from a vein.
G.4.2The ADO shall ensure that Sample Collection Personnel that have an interest in the outcome of the collection or testing of a Sample from any Athlete who might provide a Sample at a session are not appointed to that Sample collection session. Sample Collection Personnel are deemed to have an interest in the collection of a Sample if they are:
a) which Testing is being conducted; or .
b)Related to, or involved in the personal affairs of any Athlete who might provide a Sample at that session.
G.4.3The ADO shall establish a system that ensures that Sample Collection Personnel are adequately trained to carry out their duties.
G.4.3.1The training program for Blood Collection Officers as a minimum shall include studies of all relevant requirements of the Testing process and familiarization of relevant standard precautions in healthcare settings.
G.4.3.2The training program for Doping Control Officers as a minimum shall include:
a)Comprehensive theoretical training in different types of Testing activities relevant to the Doping Control Officer position;
b)Observation of all doping control activities related to requirements in this standard, preferably on site;
c)The satisfactory performance of one complete Sample collection on site under observation by a qualified Doping Control Officer or similar. The requirement related to actual passing of Sample shall not be included in the on-site observations.
G.4.3.3The training program for Chaperones shall include:
a)Studies of all relevant requirements of the testing process.
G 4.4The ADO shall maintain records of education, training, skills and experience.
G.5 Requirements -Accreditation, re-accreditation and delegation G.5.1The ADO shall establish a system for accrediting and re-accrediting Sample Collection Personnel.
G.5.2The ADO shall ensure that Sample Collection Personnel have completed the training program and are familiar with the requirements in this testing standard before granting accreditation.
G.5.3Accreditation shall only be valid for a maximum of two years.
Sample Collection Personnel shall be required to repeat a full training program if they have not participated in Sample collection activities within the year prior to re-accreditation.
G.5.4Only Sample Collection Personnel that have an accreditation recognised by the ADO shall be authorised by the ADO to conduct Sample collection activities on behalf of the ADO.
G.5.5Doping Control Officers may personally perform any activities involved in the Sample Collection Session, with the exception of blood collection unless particularly qualified, or they may direct a Chaperone to perform specified activities that fall within the scope of the Chaperone's authorised duties.
KONVENSI INTERNASIONAL MENENTANG DOPING DALAM OLAHRAGA INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AGAINST DOPING IN SPORT CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LE DOPAGE DANS LE SPORT CONVENCION INTERNACIONAL CONTRA EL DOPAJE EN EL DEPORTE CODE ANTI - DOPING DUNIA 2003 DAFTAR ISI
PENDAHULUAN .............................................
6 TUJUAN, LINGKUP DAN ORGANISASI PROGRAM ANTI-DOPING DUNIA DAN CODE ................................................
6 PROGRAM ANTI-DOPING DUNIA ..........................
6 CODE ...............................................
6 STANDAR INTERNASIONAL ..............................
6 MODEL PRAKTIK TERBAIK ..............................
7 DASAR PEMIKIRAN CODE ANTI-DOPING DUNIA ..................
7 BAGIAN SATU PENGAWASAN DOPING ........................
9 PENDAHULUAN ........................................
9 PASAL 1 DEFINISI DOPING ...............................
10 PASAL 2 PELANGGARAN PERATURAN ANTI-DOPING .............
10 PASAL 3 PEMBUKTIAN DOPING .............................
14
3.1 BEBAN DAN STANDAR PEMBUKTIAN ..................
14
3.2 METODE PEMBUKTIAN FAKTA DAN PRADUGA ...........
14 PASAL 4 DAFTAR TERLARANG ..............................
15
4.1 PUBLIKASI DAN REVISI DAFTAR TERLARANG .........
15
4.2 ZAT TERLARANG DAN METODE TERLARANG YANG DIIDENTIFIKASI DALAM DAFTAR TERLARANG .........
15
4.3 KRITERIA UNTUK MEMASUKKAN ZAT DAN METODE DALAM DAFTAR TERLARANG ..............................
16
4.4 PENGGUNAAN TERAPEUTIK .........................
17
4.5 PROGRAM PEMANTAUAN ............................
18 PASAL 5 PENGUJIAN .....................................
18
5.1 PERENCANAAN DISTRIBUSI PENGUJIAN ..............
18
5.2 STANDAR UNTUK PENGUJIAN .......................
19 PASAL 6 ANALISIS SAMPEL ...............................
19
6.1 MENGGUNAKAN LABORATORIUM YANG TELAH DIAKUI ....
19
6.2 ZAT YANG DAPAT DIDETEKSI ......................
19
6.3 PENELITIAN TERHADAP SAMPEL ....................
19
6.4 STANDAR UNTUK ANALISIS SAMPEL DAN PELAPORAN ...
20 PASAL 7 MANAJEMEN HASIL ...............................
20
7.1 TINJAUAN ULANG MENGENAI TEMUAN ANALITIK MERUGIKAN .....................................
20
7.2 PEMBERITAHUAN SETELAH TINJAUAN ULANG ..........
20
7.3 TINJAUAN ULANG LANJUTAN TEMUAN ANALITIK MERUGIKAN YANG DIPERSYARATKAN DALAM DAFTAR TERLARANG .....................................
20
7.4 TINJAUAN ULANG PELANGGARAN ATURAN ANTI-DOPING LAIN ..........................................
21
7.5 PRINSIP YANG BERLAKU UNTUK SKORSING SEMENTARA .
21 PASAL 8 HAK UNTUK DENGAR PENDAPAT YANG ADIL ...........
22 PASAL 9 DISKUALIFIKASI OTOMATIS HASIL PERORANGAN ......
23 PASAL 10 SANKSI TERHADAP PERORANGAN ....................
23
10.1 DISKUALIFIKASI HASIL DALAM PERTANDINGAN SELAMA TERJADINYA PELANGGARAN PERATURAN ANTI-DOPING ..
23
10.2 PENJATUHAN LARANGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN KARENA ZAT TERLARANG DAN METODE TERLARANG ................
24
10.3 ZAT SPESIFIK ..................................
24
10.4 LARANGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN KARENA PELANGGARAN PERATURAN ANTI-DOPING LAINNYA .................
25
10.5 PENGHAPUSAN ATAU PENGURANGAN MASA LARANGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN BERDASARKAN KEADAAN LUAR BIASA ..
26
10.6 PERATURAN UNTUK PELANGGARAN GANDA TERTENTU ....
28
10.7 DISKUALIFIKASI HASIL DI DALAM KOMPETISI SETELAH PENGUMPULAN SAMPEL ............................
29
10.8 PERMULAAN MASA LARANGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN .........
29
10.9 STATUS SELAMA MASA LARANGAN ...................
30
10.10 PENGUJIAN PENGEMBALIAN HAK KEIKUTSERTAAN .....
30 PASAL 11 KONSEKUENSI TERHADAP TIM ......................
31 PASAL 12 SANKSI TERHADAP BADAN KEOLAHRAGAAN ............
31 PASAL 13 NAIK BANDING ..................................
31
13.1 NAIK BANDING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN ...............
31
13.2 UPAYA BANDING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENGENAI PELANGGARAN PERATURAN ANTI-DOPING, KONSEKUENSI, DAN SKORSING SEMENTARA ........................
31
13.3 UPAYA BANDING ATAS KEPUTUSAN MEMBERIKAN ATAU MENOLAK PENGECUALIAN PENGGUNAAN TERAPEUTIK ....
33
13.4 BANDING DARI KEPUTUSAN YANG MENERAPKAN KONSEKUENSI BERDASARKAN BAGIAN KETIGA DARI CODE 33
13.5 BANDING DARI KEPUTUSAN YANG MENANGGUHKAN ATAU MENCABUT AKREDITASI LABORATORIUM ..............
33 PASAL 14 KERAHASIAAN DAN PELAPORAN .....................
33
14.1 INFORMASI MENGENAI TEMUAN ANALITIK MERUGIKAN DAN PELANGGARAN PERATURAN ANTI-DOPING POTENSIAL LAINNYA .......................................
34
14.2 PENGUMUMAN ....................................
34
14.3 INFORMASI KEBERADAAN OLAHRAGAWAN ..............
34
14.4 PELAPORAN STATISTIK ...........................
35
14.5 BADAN PENGUMPULAN INFORMASI PENGAWASAN DOPING .
35 PASAL 15 KLARIFIKASI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PENGAWASAN DOPING ........................................
35
15.1 PENGUJIAN KOMPETISI ...........................
35
15.2 PENGUJIAN DI LUAR KOMPETISI ...................
36
15.3 MANAJEMEN HASIL, DENGAR PENDAPAT DAN SANKSI ..
36
15.4 PENGAKUAN BERSAMA .............................
37 PASAL 16 PENGAWASAN DOPING UNTUK HEWAN-HEWAN YANG BERLOMBA DALAM OLAHRAGA .......................
37 PASAL 17 KETENTUAN PEMBATASAN ..........................
37 BAGIAN DUAPENDIDIKAN DAN PENELITIAN ................
38 PASAL 18 PENDIDIKAN ....................................
38
18.1 PRINSIP DASAR DAN TUJUAN UTAMA ................
38
18.2 PROGRAM DAN KEGIATAN ..........................
38
18.3 KOORDINASI DAN KERJASAMA ......................
38 PASAL 19 PENELITIAN ....................................
38
19.1 TUJUAN PENELITIAN ANTI-DOPING .................
38
19.2 JENIS PENELITIAN ..............................
38
19.3 KOORDINASI ....................................
39
19.4 PRAKTIK PENELITIAN ............................
39
19.5 PENELITIAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN ZAT TERLARANG DAN METODE TERLARANG ..............................
39
19.6 PENYALAH-GUNAAN HASIL .........................
39 BAGIAN TIGA PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB ................
40 PASAL 20 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB TAMBAHAN BAGI PARA PENANDATANGAN .................................
40
20.1 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB KOMITE OLIMPIADE INTERNASIONAL .................................
40
20.2 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB KOMITE PARALIMPIK INTERNASIONAL .................................
40
20.3 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB FEDERASI INTERNASIONAL .................................
41
20.4 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB KOMITE OLIMPIADE NASIONAL DAN KOMITE PARALIMPIK NASIONAL .......
41
20.5 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB ORGANISASI ANTI- DOPING NASIONAL ...............................
42
20.6 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB ORGANISASI PERTANDINGAN BESAR ............................
42
20.7 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB WADA ................
42 PASAL 21 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB PESERTA .............
43
21.1 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB OLAHRAGAWAN .........
43
21.2 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB TENAGA KEOLAHRAGAAN .
43 PASAL 22 KETERLIBATAN PEMERINTAH .......................
43 BAGIAN EMPAT PENERIMAAN, PEMENUHAN, PERUBAHAN DAN PENAFSIRAN ...............................
45 PASAL 23 PENERIMAAN, PEMENUHAN DAN PERUBAHAN ...........
45
23.1 PENERIMAAN CODE ...............................
45
23.2 PELAKSANAAN CODE ..............................
45
23.3 BATAS WAKTU PERSETUJUAN DAN PELAKSANAAN .......
45
23.4 MEMANTAU KESESUAIAN DENGAN CODE ...............
46
23.5 KONSEKUENSI DARI KETIDAK-SESUAIAN DENGAN CODE .
46
23.6 PERUBAHAN CODE ................................
46
23.7 PENARIKAN PERSETUJUAN TERHADAP CODE ...........
47 PASAL 24 PENAFSIRAN TENTANG CODE .......................
47 LAMPIRAN I - DEFINISI ...................................
49 PENDAHULUAN TUJUAN, RUANG LINGKUP DAN ORGANISASI PROGRAM ANTI- DOPING DUNIA DAN CODE Tujuan Program Anti-Doping Dunia dan Code adalah:
•Untuk melindungi hak mendasar Olahragawan untuk berpartisipasi dalam olahraga bebas-doping (doping-free sport) dan dengan demikian meningkatkan kesehatan, keadilan, dan kesetaraan bagi Olahragawan di seluruh dunia dan •Untuk menjamin keharmonisan, koordinasi dan keefektifan program anti-doping pada kegiatan olahraga tingkat internasional dan nasional sehubungan dengan pendeteksian, penangkalan dan pencegahan doping.
Program Anti-Doping Dunia Program Anti-Doping Dunia meliputi seluruh elemen-elemen yang dibutuhkan untuk menjamin harmonisasi optimal dan praktik terbaik (best practice) dalam program anti-doping internasional dan nasional. Elemen-elemen utama tersebut adalah:
Tingkat 1 :
Code Tingkat 2 :
Standar-Standar Internasional Tingkat 3 :
Model-Model Praktek Terbaik Code
Code merupakan dokumen pokok dan universal yang mendasari Program Anti-Doping Dunia dalam olahraga. Tujuan Code adalah untuk memajukan upaya anti-doping melalui harmonisasi universal elemen-elemen inti anti-doping. Hal tersebut diharapkan cukup spesifik untuk mencapai harmonisasi menyeluruh dalam mengatasi berbagai persoalan yang memerlukan keseragaman, namun cukup umum di bidang lain yang memungkinkan adanya fleksibilitas tentang cara melaksanakan prinsip-prinsip anti-doping yang telah disepakati.
Standar Internasional Standar-Standar Internasional untuk bidang teknis dan operasional yang berbeda-beda di dalam program anti-doping dunia akan dikembangkan setelah berkonsultasi dengan para Penandatangan dan para pemerintah serta disetujui oleh WADA. Tujuan Standar-Standar Internasional adalah harmonisasi di antara Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping yang bertanggungjawab untuk bidang teknis dan operasional spesifik program anti-doping. Kepatuhan terhadap Standar-Standar Internasional adalah wajib agar dapat melaksanakan Code. Standar-Standar Internasional akan direvisi oleh Komite Eksekutif WADA setelah berkonsultasi yang beralasan dengan para Penandatangan dan para pemerintah. Kecuali terdapat ketentuan lain di dalam Code, Standar dan semua revisi mulai berlaku sejak tanggal penetapan Standar Internasional atau revisi tersebut.
[Keterangan: Standar Internasional memuat berbagai rincian teknis yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan Code. Rincian teknis tersebut meliputi, misalnya, rincian persyaratan untuk pengumpulan sampel, analisis laboratorik dan akreditasi laboratorium yang saat ini terdapat dalam Code Gerakan Olimpiade Anti-Doping [Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code 1999 ("OMADC")]. Standar Internasional, yang secara tegas dinyatakan dalam Code sebagai rujukan, setelah berkonsultasi dengan para Penandatangan dan pemerintah, akan dikembangkan oleh para pakar dan diuraikan terpisah di dalam dokumen teknis. Penting bahwa para pakar teknis mampu membuat perubahan Standar Internasional secara tepat waktu tanpa memerlukan perubahan Code atau peraturan dan ketetapan masing-masing stakeholder.
Seluruh Standar Internasional yang berlaku akan tersedia tanggal 1 Januari 2004.] Model Praktik Terbaik Model-Model Praktik Terbaik yang didasarkan pada Code akan dikembangkan untuk memberikan solusi terhadap perkembangan saat ini (state of the art) di berbagai bidang anti-doping. Model tersebut direkomendasikan oleh WADA dan disediakan bagi para Penandatangan bila diperlukan tetapi tidak wajib sifatnya. Selain menyediakan model-model dokumentasi anti-doping, WADA juga menyelenggarakan beberapa bantuan pelatihan bagi para penandatangan.
Keterangan: WADA akan menyusun peraturan dan ketetapan anti-doping yang dirancang guna memenuhi kebutuhan masing-masing kelompok utama penandatangan (misalnya, Federasi Internasional untuk olahraga perorangan, Federasi Internasional untuk olahraga tim,
Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional, dll.) Peraturan dan ketetapan model tersebut akan disesuaikan dengan dan berdasarkan Code, serta merupakan contoh praktek terbaik saat kini yang memuat semua rincian (termasuk rujukan untuk Standar-Standar Internasional) yang diperlukan guna melaksanakan program anti-doping secara efektif.
Peraturan dan ketetapan tersebut akan memberikan beberapa alternatif yang dapat dipilih oleh para stakeholder. Beberapa stakeholder dapat mengutip peraturan dan ketetapan model dan Model Praktek Terbaik lainnya secara harfiah. Stakeholder lainnya dapat melakukan modifikasi terhadap model yang dipilih. Juga stakeholder dapat memilih untuk mengembangkan peraturan dan ketetapannya sendiri yang konsisten dengan prinsip-prinsip umum dan persyaratan khusus yang diuraikan dalam Code.
Dokumen-dokumen model lainnya untuk bagian khusus kegiatan anti- doping dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan kebutuhan dan harapan stakeholder yang telah diketahui umum. Hal tersebut meliputi model-model untuk program anti-doping nasional, manajemen hasil, Pemeriksaan (di luar persyaratan khusus yang dinyatakan dalam Standar Internasional untuk Pemeriksaam), program edukasi, dll.
Seluruh Model Praktek Terbaik akan diperiksa dan disetujui oleh WADA sebelum dimasukkan dalam Program Anti-Doping Dunia.
DASAR PEMIKIRAN CODE ANTI-DOPING DUNIA Program anti-doping berusaha melindungi nilai intrinsik olahraga.
Nilai intrinsik tersebut sering disebut sebagai "semangat olahraga" ("the spirit of sport"); nilai intrinsik merupakan inti Olimpisme; nilai intrinsik merupakan bagaimana bertanding yang benar (play true). Semangat olahraga merupakan ungkapan jiwa, tubuh dan pikiran manusia, dan mempunyai ciri nilai-nilai sebagai berikut:
•Etika, perlakuan yang adil terhadap semua orang (fair play) dan kejujuran •Kesehatan •Bermutu dalam prestasi (performance) •Karakter dan edukasi •Kesenangan dan hiburan •Kerja tim •Dedikasi dan komitmen •Mematuhi peraturan dan hukum •Menghargai diri sendiri dan orang lain.
•Keberanian •Komunitas dan solidaritas Doping pada dasarnya bertentangan dengan semangat olahraga.
BAGIAN SATU PENGAWASAN DOPING PENDAHULUAN
Bagian Pertama dari Code menguraikan peraturan dan prinsip khusus anti-doping yang harus dipatuhi oleh organisasi yang bertanggung jawab menyetujui, melaksanakan atau memberlakukan peraturan anti-doping di dalam kewenangannya misalnya, Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, Federasi-Federasi Internasional, Organisasi-organisasi Penyelenggara even besar, dan Organisasi-organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional. Seluruh organisasi tersebut disebut sebagai Organisasi-organisasi Anti-Doping.
Bagian Pertama Code tidak menggantikan, atau menghapuskan kebutuhan untuk, seluruh peraturan anti-doping yang diadopsi oleh setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping. Beberapa ketentuan Bagian Pertama Code harus dikutip secara harfiah oleh setiap Organisasi Anti- Doping ke dalam peraturan anti-doping mereka, ketentuan lainnya dari Bagian Pertama MENETAPKAN prinsip-prinsip petunjuk wajib (mandatory guiding principles) yang memungkinkan fleksibilitas dalam perumusan peraturan oleh setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping atau MENETAPKAN persyaratan yang harus dipatuhi oleh setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping tetapi tidak perlu diulang dalam peraturan anti-doping mereka. Pasal-pasal berikut, berlaku untuk lingkup kegiatan anti-doping yang dilakukan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping, harus dimuat dalam peraturan setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping tanpa perubahan substantif apapun (diizinkan untuk melakukan perubahan non-substantif terhadap penyusunan bahasa dalam upaya menerangkan nama organisasi, olahraga, nomor bagian, dll.): Pasal 1 (Definisi Doping), Pasal 2 (Pelanggaran Peraturan Anti-Doping), Pasal 3 (Pembuktian Doping), Pasal 9 (Diskualifikasi Otomatis Hasil Perorangan), Pasal 10 (Sanksi terhadap Perorangan), Pasal 11 (Konsekuensi terhadap Tim), Pasal 13 (Naik Banding) dengan pengecualian pasal 13.2.2., Pasal 17 (Ketentuan Pembatasan) dan Definisi.
[Keterangan: Sebagai contoh, sangat penting adanya harmonisasi seluruh Penandatangan agar mendasari keputusan mereka terhadap pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping pada daftar yang sama, beban pembuktian yang sama dan memberlakukan konsekuensi yang sama terhadap pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping. Peraturan-peraturan substantif tersebut harus sama terlepas dari apakah pemeriksaan dilakukan sebelum Federasi Internasional, pada tingkat nasional atau sebelum CAS (Court of Arbitration for Sport). Selain itu, agar tercipta harmonisasi yang efektif tidak perlu memaksa semua Penandatangan untuk menggunakan satu manajemen hasil dan proses pemeriksaan tunggal. Sekarang ini, terdapat banyak perbedaan, yang sama efektif untuk manajemen hasil dan dengar pendapat di dalam Federasi-federasi Internasional dan badan-badan nasional. Code tidak mengharuskan keseragaman mutlak dalam manajemen hasil dan prosedur-prosedur dengar pendapat;
akan tetapi, diperlukan pendekatan beragam dari para Penandatangan guna memenuhi prinsip- prinsip yang disebutkan dalam Code.
Berkenaan dengan Pasal 13, sub bagian 13.2.2. bukan merupakan ketentuan-ketentuan yang harus dikutip secara harfiah, karena
13.2.2.
MENETAPKAN prinsip-prinsip petunjuk wajib yang memungkinkan beberapa fleksibilitas dalam merumuskan peraturan-
peraturan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping.] Peraturan-peraturan anti-doping, seperti peraturan-peraturan kompetisi, merupakan peraturan-peraturan olahraga yang mengatur persyaratan melakukan olahraga.
Para Olahragawan menerima peraturan tersebut sebagai syarat untuk berpartisipasi. Peraturan- peraturan anti-doping tidak dimaksudkan sebagai subyek atau dibatasi oleh persyaratan dan standar legal yang berlaku untuk tindakan kriminal atau urusan-urusan pekerjaan. Kebijakan dan standar minimum yang diuraikan dalam Code merupakan konsensus berbagai stakehoder yang menginginkan adanya perlakuan yang wajar terhadap semua orang dalam olahraga (fair sport) serta harus dihormati oleh semua pengadilan dan badan-badan hukum.
Peserta Olahraga (participants) akan terikat dengan peraturan anti-doping yang disetujui sesuai dengan Code oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping terkait. Setiap Penandatangan MENETAPKAN peraturan- peraturan dan prosedur-prosedur yang menjamin bahwa seluruh Pelaku Olahraga berada dalam kewenangan Penandatangan dan organisasi-organisasi anggotanya telah diinformasikan dan telah setuju untuk terikat dalam peraturan anti-doping yang berlaku dari Organisasi Anti-Doping terkait.
[Keterangan: Dengan berpartisipasi dalam olahraga, Olahragawan terikat oleh peraturan-peraturan kompetisi cabang olahraga. Dalam cara yang sama, Olahragawan dan Tenaga Keolahragaan (athlete support personnel) akan terikat pada peraturan anti-doping berdasarkan Pasal 2 Code yang melandasi kesepakatan mereka sebagai anggota, mendapat akreditasi, atau berpartisipasi dalam organisasi olahraga atau kompetisi-kompetisi olahraga yang menjadi subyek Code. Setiap Penandatangan harus mengambil langkah penting guna memastikan bahwa seluruh Olahragawan dan Tenaga Keolahragaan yang berada dalam kewenangannya terikat pada peraturan anti-doping yang dibuat oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping terkait.] PASAL 1: DEFINISI DOPING Doping didefinisikan sebagai terjadinya pelanggaran satu atau lebih peraturan anti-doping yang diuraikan dalam Pasal 2.1 sampai Pasal 2.8 Code.
PASAL 2 PELANGGARAN PERATURAN ANTI-DOPING [Keterangan: Tujuan Pasal 2 adalah untuk menentukan keadaan dan perilaku yang merupakan pelanggaran terhadap peraturan anti- doping. Dengar pendapat dalam kasus-kasus doping akan dilakukan berdasarkan pernyataan bahwa satu atau lebih dari peraturan khusus ini telah dilanggar. Sebagian besar dari keadaan dan perilaku yang terdapat dalam daftar pelanggaran ini dapat ditemukan dalam beberapa bentuk sebagaimana tercantum dalam OMADC atau peraturan anti-doping yang lain].
Hal-hal berikut merupakan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping:
2.1Terdapat Zat Terlarang (Prohibited Substance) atau Metabolites atau markers dalam spesimen tubuh Olahragawan.
2.1.1Masing-masing Olahragawan harus memastikan bahwa tidak ada Zat Terlarang yang masuk ke dalam tubuh mereka.
Olahragawan bertanggungjawab atas Zat Terlarang atau Metabolitnya atau Tanda-tandanya yang ditemukan dalam spesimen tubuh mereka.
Sehubungan dengan itu, Olahragawan tidak perlu menunjukkan niat, kesalahan, kelalaian atau mengetahui Menggunakan untuk dinyatakan sebagai pelanggaran anti-doping berdasarkan Pasal 2.1.
[Keterangan: Untuk MENETAPKAN pelanggaran-pelanggaran anti-doping yang melibatkan adanya Zat Terlarang (atau Metabolit-metabolit atau Tanda-tandanya), Code mengadopsi peraturan yang ketat yang terdapat dalam OMADC dan sebagian besar peraturan anti-doping yang telah ada. Berdasarkan prinsip yang ketat, pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping terjadi apabila Zat Terlarang ditemukan di dalam Spesimen tubuh seorang Olahragawan. Pelanggaran terjadi dalam hal Olahragawan tersebut dengan sengaja atau tidak sengaja telah menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau telah lalai atau keteledoran lainnya. Bila Sampel positif berasal dari suatu pemeriksaan Di dalam Kompetisi (In-Competition), maka hasil kompetisi tersebut dengan sendirinya dinyatakan tidak berlaku (pasal 9 (Diskualifikasi Otomatis Hasil-Hasil Perorangan)). Akan tetapi, Olahragawan tersebut memiliki kemungkinan untuk menghindari atau pengurangan sanksi bila Olahragawan tersebut dapat memperlihatkan bahwa ia tidak teledor atau tidak melakukan keteledoran yang bermakna. (Pasal 10.5 (Penghapusan atau Pengurangan Masa Larangan Keikutsertaan Berdasarkan Keadaan-Keadaan Luar Biasa).
Peraturan yang ketat terhadap adanya temuan Zat Terlarang di dalam Spesimen seorang Olahragawan, dengan kemungkinan bahwa sanksi dapat dimodifikasi berdasarkan kriteria khusus, MENETAPKAN keseimbangan wajar antara pemberlakuan anti-doping yang efektif untuk kepentingan semua Olahragawan yang "bersih" dan keadilan dalam keadaan luar biasa di mana Zat Terlarang telah memasuki tubuh Olahragawan bukan karena keteledoran atau kelalaian di pihak Olahragawan tersebut.
Mengingat penentuan telah terjadinya pelanggaran anti doping didasarkan pada peraturan yang ketat, periode tetap Larangan Keikutsertaan diberlakukan secara tidak otomatis.
Dasar pemikiran untuk peraturan ketat telah dinyatakan oleh Pengadilan Arbitrasi Olahraga (Court of Arbitration for Sport) di dalam kasus Quigley melawan UIT.
"Benar bahwa pemeriksaan yang ketat kemungkinan dirasakan tidak adil dalam kasus individual, seperti halnya kasus Q., di mana Olahragawan mungkin telah meminum obat sebagai akibat dari kesalahan label atau saran yang salah yang bukan merupakan tanggungjawabnya - terutama dalam keadaan-keadaan sakit mendadak di negara asing.
Tetapi kadang-kadang juga "ketidakadilan" dialami seorang Olahragawan yang keracunan makanan pada malam menjelang suatu kompetisi penting. Namun
demikian dalam kasus apapun peraturan kompetisi tidak akan diubah untuk menghapuskan ketidak-adilan tersebut. Seperti halnya kompetisi tidak akan ditunda untuk menunggu sembuhnya Olahragawan, sehingga larangan zat yang dilarang tidak akan diangkat untuk mengakui absorpsi secara tidak sengaja.
Perubahan kompetisi, seperti perubahan-perubahan kehidupan pada umumnya, bisa menciptakan berbagai jenis ketidak-adilan, baik karena ketidak-sengajaan atau kelalaian orang-orang yang tidak bertanggungjawab, yang tidak bisa diperbaiki oleh UNDANG-UNDANG.
Lebih lanjut, nampaknya merupakan tujuan kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan untuk tidak memperbaiki ketidak-adilan secara tidak sengaja terhadap seorang individu dengan menciptakan suatu ketidak-adilan sengaja terhadap badan utuh dari para pesaing lainnya. Inilah yang akan terjadi jika ditolerir Bahan terlarang yang meningkatkan prestasi dikonsumsi secara tidak sengaja. Selain itu, penyalah-gunaan meskipun secara sengaja dalam banyak kasus akan mendapat membebaskan sanksi karena tidak adanya bukti niat bersalah. Dan tentu saja bahwa niat persyaratan tersebut akan memerlukan tuntutan yang mahal yang mungkin menyulitkan federasi - terutama yang hanya menyediakan anggaran kecil - di dalam perjuangannya melawan doping."]
2.1.2 Kecuali zat-zat yang ambang laporan kuantitatif telah ditentukan secara khusus dalam Daftar Terlarang (Prohibited List), terdeteksi adanya jenis sesuatu Zat Terlarang atau Metabolites atau Markers-nya dalam Sampel Olahragawan dinyatakan sebagai pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping.
2.1.3 Sebagai pengecualian untuk peraturan umum Pasal 2.1., Daftar Terlarang MENETAPKAN kriteria khusus untuk evaluasi Zat Terlarang yang juga dapat diproduksi secara endogen.
[Keterangan: Sebagai contoh, Daftar Terlarang MENETAPKAN bahwa rasio T/E lebih besar dari 6:1 merupakan doping kecuali bila analisis longitudinal hasil pemeriksaan sebelumnya atau sesudahnya oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping menunjukkan rasio yang meningkat secara alami atau Olahragawan dengan cara lain membuktikan bahwa meningkatnya rasio merupakan hasil dari kondisi fisiologik atau patologik].
2.2Menggunakan atau Upaya Menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang
2.2.1 Keberhasilan atau kegagalan Menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang bukan bersifat material.
Pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping terjadi apabila seseorang Menggunakan atau ber-Upaya untuk Menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang.
[Keterangan: Larangan terhadap "Menggunakan" telah diperluas dari yang ada dalam naskah OMADC, yang tidak hanya mencakup Zat Terlarang tetapi juga Metode Terlarang. Dengan cakupan ini tidak
harus secara khusus digambarkan "pengakuan Menggunakan" sebagai pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping terpisah. "Menggunakan" dapat dibuktikan, misalnya, melalui pengakuan, pernyataan pihak ketiga atau bukti lainnya.
Menunjukkan "Upaya Menggunakan" suatu Zat Terlarang membutuhkan pembuktian adanya niat Olahragawan. Niat untuk membuktikan pelanggaran anti-doping tidak mengurangi prinsip tanggungjawab ketat yang ditetapkan untuk Pasal 2.1 dan penggunaan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang.
Penggunaan Zat Terlarang oleh Olahragawan Di luar Kompetisi tidak dilarang dan bukan merupakan pelanggaran peraturan anti gaping.
2.3Menolak, atau gagal tanpa memberikan alasan yang benar, untuk menyerahkan sampel setelah pemberitahuan sebagaimana disahkan dalam peraturan anti-doping yang berlaku atau mengelak mengumpulkan sampel dengan alasan lainnya.
[Keterangan: Gagal atau menolak untuk menyerahkan Sampel setelah pemberitahuan adalah dilarang pada hampir semua peraturan anti- doping yang ada. pasal ini diperluas dengan peraturan khusus yang mencakup "dengan cara lain mengelak menyerahkan Sampel" sebagai perbuatan yang dilarang. Dengan demikian, sebagai contoh, adalah merupakan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping jika ternyata bahwa seorang Olahragawan menghindar dari petugas pengawas Doping yang berusaha melakukan pemeriksaan. Suatu pelanggaran "menolak atau gagal menyerahkan Sampel" mungkin didasarkan pada perbuatan yang disengaja atau kelalaian Olahragawan, sementara "menghindar" mengumpulkan Sampel mengandung makna perbuatan yang disengaja oleh Olahragawan].
2.4Pelanggaran syarat-syarat yang berlaku berkaitan dengan kesediaan Olahragawan untuk Pemeriksaan Di Luar Kompetisi meliputi kegagalan memberikan informasi yang diperlukan tentang keberadaannya dan mengabaikan pemeriksaan (missed tests) yang dinyatakan berdasarkan peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku.
[Keterangan: Pengujian Di luar Kompetisi yang Tidak Diumumkan (Unannounced Out-of-Competition Testing) merupakan inti dari Pengawasan Doping yang efektif. Tanpa informasi yang akurat mengenai lokasi Olahragawan maka pengujian tersebut tidak efisien dan kadang-kadang tidak mungkin dilakukan. Pasal ini, yang tidak ditemukan secara khusus di dalam kebanyakan peraturan anti-doping yang ada, mengharuskan para Olahragawan yang telah diidentifikasi untuk menjalani Pemeriksaan Di luar Kompetisi bertanggungjawab menyediakan dan memperbaharui informasi tentang keberadaan mereka sehingga mereka bisa ditentukan lokasinya untuk No Advance Notice Out-of-Competition Testing (pengujian Di Luar Kompetisi Tanpa Pemberitahuan Sebelumnya). "Persyaratan yang berlaku" ditetapkan oleh Federasi Internasional Olahragawan dan Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional dalam upaya untuk memungkinkan adanya fleksibilitas
berdasarkan berbagai keadaan-keadaan yang dihadapi di dalam olahraga-olahraga dan di negara-negara yang berbeda-beda.
Pelanggaran terhadap Pasal ini dapat didasarkan atas tindakan yang sengaja atau kelalaian oleh Olahragawan].
2.5Merusak, atau Upaya untuk merusak, terhadap bagian apapun dari Pengawasan Doping.
[Keterangan: Pasal ini melarang tindakan yang mengganggu proses pengawasan Doping tetapi yang tidak tercakup di dalam definisi khusus Metode Terlarang.
Sebagai contoh, mengubah nomor identifikasi pada formulir pengawasan Doping selama pemeriksaan atau memecahkan botol B pada saat analisis Sampel B].
2.6Memiliki Zat dan Metode Terlarang:
2.6.1 Pemilikan oleh Olahragawan pada saat kapanpun atau di tempat manapun suatu zat yang dilarang di dalam Pengujian Di luar Kompetisi atau Metode Terlarang kecuali Olahragawan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Kepemilikan itu adalah sesuai dengan Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutik yang diberikan sesuai dengan Pasal 4.4 (Penggunaan Terapeutik) atau pembenaran lain yang bisa diterima.
2.6.2 Pemilikan suatu zat yang dilarang di dalam Pengujian Di luar Kompetisi atau Metode Terlarang oleh Tenaga Keolahragaan sehubungan dengan seorang Olahragawan, Kompetisi atau pelatihan, kecuali jika Tenaga Keolahragaan tersebut membuktikan bahwa Kepemilikan itu sesuai dengan Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutik yang diberikan kepada Olahragawan sesuai dengan Pasal 4.4 (Penggunaan Terapeutik) atau pembenaran lain yang bisa diterima.
2.7Memperdagangkan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang.
2.8Memberikan atau Upaya memberikan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang kepada Olahragawan, atau membantu, mendorong, menolong, bersekongkol, menutup-nutupi atau keterlibatan lainnya yang menyebabkan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping atau upaya pelanggaran.
PASAL 3PEMBUKTIAN DOPING
3.1Beban dan Standar Pembuktian Organisasi Anti-Doping memiliki beban untuk membuktikan bahwa suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping telah terjadi.
Standar pembuktian adalah apakah Organisasi Anti-Doping telah membuktikan suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping sesuai dengan yang diharapkan oleh badan dengar pendapat dengan Mengingat keseriusan tuntutan yang dibuat. Standar pembuktian ini dalam semua kasus lebih besar dibandingkan sekedar keseimbangan probabilitas tetapi lebih kecil dibandingkan
bukti di luar keragu-raguan yang beralasan. Di mana Code menempatkan beban pembuktian pada Olahragawan atau Orang lain yang dituduh telah melakukan suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping untuk menyangkal anggapan tersebut atau membuktikan fakta-fakta atau keadaan-keadaan tertentu, maka standar pembuktian adalah melalui keseimbangan probabilitas.
[Keterangan:
Standar pembuktian yang harus dipenuhi oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping bergantung pada standar yang diterapkan dikebanyakan negara untuk kasus-kasus yang melibatkan kesalahan tindakan profesional. Standar pembuktian ini juga telah diterapkan secara luas oleh pengadilan-pengadilan dan tribunal-tribunal di dalam kasus-kasus doping. Sebagai contoh, lihat keputusan CAS di dalam N., J., Y., W. v. FINA, CAS 98/208, 22 Desember 1998].
3.2 Metode Pembuktian Fakta dan Praduga. Fakta-fakta yang terkait dengan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping dapat dibuktikan dengan cara yang handal, termasuk pengakuan. Peraturan pembuktian berikut berlaku di dalam kasus-kasus doping:
3.2.1 Laboratorium yang telah diakreditasi oleh WADA dianggap telah melakukan analisis contoh dan prosedur kustodial sesuai dengan Standar Internasional untuk analisis laboratorik.
Olahragawan dapat menyangkal praduga tersebut dengan membuktikan bahwa telah terjadi penyimpangan dari Standar Internasional.
Jika Olahragawan menyangkal praduga sebelumnya dengan menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi suatu penyimpangan dari Standar Internasional, maka Organisasi Anti-Doping memiliki beban untuk membuktikan bahwa penyimpangan tersebut tidak mengakibatkan Temuan Analitik Merugikan.
[Keterangan: Beban ada di pihak Olahragawan untuk membuktikan, dengan bukti-bukti yang kuat, adanya penyimpangan dari Standar Internasional. Jika Olahragawan melakukan hal tersebut, maka beban beralih ke Organisasi Anti-Doping untuk membuktikan sesuai permintaan badan dengar pendapat bahwa penyimpangan tidak mengubah hasil pemeriksaan].
3.2.2 Penyimpangan dari Standar Internasional untuk Pemeriksaan yang tidak mengakibatkan Temuan Analitik Merugikan atau pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping lainnya tidak akan membatalkan hasil tersebut. Jika Olahragawan membuktikan bahwa penyimpangan dari Standar Internasional telah terjadi selama Pemeriksaan maka Organisasi Anti-Doping memiliki beban untuk membuktikan bahwa penyimpangan tersebut tidak mengakibatkan Temuan Analitik Merugikan atau dasar faktual untuk pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping.
PASAL 4DAFTAR TERLARANG
4.1 Publikasi dan Revisi Daftar Terlarang. WADA akan, sesering yang diperlukan dan setidak-tidaknya setahun sekali,
mempublikasikan Daftar Terlarang sebagai Standar Internasional. Isi yang diusulkan dari Daftar Terlarang tersebut dan semua revisi akan diberikan secara tertulis dengan segera kepada semua Penandatangan dan pemerintah untuk mendapatkan komentar dan konsultasi. Setiap versi tahunan Daftar Terlarang dan semua revisinya akan segera didistribusikan oleh WADA kepada setiap Penandatangan dan pemerintah akan dipublikasikan di web site (situs) WADA, dan setiap Penandatangan akan mengambil langkah-langkah yang sesuai untuk mendistribusikan Daftar Terlarang tersebut kepada para anggota dan konstituennya. Peraturan setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping harus menyebutkan bahwa, kecuali jika ditentukan lain di dalam Daftar Terlarang atau revisinya, Daftar Terlarang dan revisi-revisinya akan mulai berlaku berdasarkan peraturanran Organisasi Anti-Doping tiga bulan setelah Daftar Terlarang dipublikasikan oleh WADA tanpa membutuhkan tindakan lebih lanjut oleh Organisasi Anti- Doping.
[Keterangan: Daftar Terlarang akan direvisi dan dipublikasikan secepatnya apabila diperlukan. Akan tetapi, demi prediktabilitas, daftar baru akan dipublikasikan setiap tahun terlepas dari apakah perubahan dibuat atau tidak. Pertimbangan dari praktek IOC menerbitkan daftar baru setiap bulan Januari adalah bahwa hal itu menghindari kebingungan mengenai mana daftar yang paling baru.
Untuk mengatasi hal ini, WADA akan selalu mengupayakan agar Daftar Terlarang paling baru dipublikasikan di websitenya.
Telah diantisipasi bahwa revisi peraturan anti-doping yang diadopsi oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping sesuai dengan Code belum dapat berlaku sampai tanggal 1 Januari 2004 dengan publikasi Daftar Terlarang pertama yang diadopsi oleh WADA. OMADC akan terus berlaku hingga Code diterima oleh Komite Olimpiade Internasional].
4.2 Zat Terlarang dan Metode Terlarang yang Diidentifikasi pada Daftar Terlarang. Daftar Terlarang mengidentifikasi Zat-Zat Terlarang dan Metode-Metode Terlarang yang dilarang sebagai doping sepanjang waktu (baik Di dalam Kompetisi maupun Di luar Kompetisi) karena potensinya untuk meningkatkan prestasi pada Kompetisi mendatang atau potensi masking-nya dan zat-zat dan metode-metode yang hanya dilarang Di dalam Kompetisi.
Atas saran Federasi Internasional, Daftar Terlarang dapat diperluas oleh WADA untuk olahraga tertentu. Zat Terlarang dan Metode Terlarang dapat dimuat di dalam Daftar Terlarang menurut kategori umum (misalnya zat-zat anabolik) atau menurut rujukan khusus terhadap metode atau zat tertentu.
[Keterangan: Terdapat satu Daftar Terlarang. Zat-zat yang dilarang sepanjang waktu meliputi bahan-bahan masking dan zat-zat yang apabila digunakan dalam pelatihan, dapat memberikan dampak peningkatan prestasi jangka panjang seperti misalnya anabolik.
Semua zat-zat dan metode-metode yang terdapat pada Daftar Terlarang adalah dilarang Di dalam Kompetisi. Perbedaan antara yang diperiksa untuk Di dalam Kompetisi dan yang diperiksa untuk
Di luar Kompetisi diambil dari OMADC.
Hanya ada satu dokumen yang disebut "Daftar Terlarang". WADA dapat menambahkan zat-zat atau metode-metode tambahan pada Daftar Terlarang untuk olahraga-olahraga tertentu (misalnya memasukkan penghambat-beta untuk menembak) tetapi hal tersebut juga akan tercantum pada Daftar Terlarang tunggal. Memiliki semua Zat Terlarang pada daftar tunggal akan menghindari terjadinya kebingungan dalam kaitan untuk mengidentifikasi zat-zat mana yang dilarang di dalam olahraga. Olahraga-olahraga individual tidak mendapat pengecualian dari daftar dasar Zat Terlarang (misalnya menghapuskan anabolik dari Daftar Terlarang untuk "olahraga- olahraga pikiran"). Dasar keputusan ini adalah bahwa terdapat bahan-bahan doping dasar tertentu yang tidak boleh digunakan oleh siapa pun yang disebut Olahragawan].
4.3 Kriteria untuk Memasukkan Zat dan Metode dalam Daftar Terlarang. WADA wajib mempertimbangkan kriteria-kriteria berikut dalam MEMUTUSKAN apakah akan memasukkan suatu zat atau metode dalam Daftar Terlarang.
4.3.1 Suatu zat atau metode wajib dipertimbangkan untuk dimasukkan dalam Daftar Terlarang jika WADA MENETAPKAN bahwa zat atau metode tersebut memenuhi dua dari tiga kriteria berikut.
4.3.1.1 Bukti medis atau ilmiah lainnya, dampak farmakologis atau pengalaman bahwa zat atau metode tersebut memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan atau mempertinggi kinerja olahraga;
4.3.1.2 Bukti medis atau ilmiah lainnya, dampak farmakologis, atau pengalaman bahwa penggunaan zat atau metode tersebut menimbulkan risiko kesehatan aktual atau potensial terhadap Olahragawan;
4.3.1.3 WADA MENETAPKAN bahwa Penggunaan zat atau metode tersebut melanggar semangat olahraga yang diuraikan dalam Pendahuluan Code.
4.3.2 Suatu zat atau metode juga akan dimasukkan dalam Daftar Terlarang jika WADA MENETAPKAN terdapat bukti medis atau ilmiah lainnya, dampak farmakologis atau pengalaman bahwa zat atau metode tersebut memiliki potensi untuk menutupi (mask) Penggunaan Zat-Zat Terlarang dan Metode-Metode Terlarang lainnya.
[Keterangan: Suatu zat akan dipertimbangkan untuk dimasukkan dalam Daftar Terlarang jika Zat tersebut merupakan zat masking atau memenuhi dua dari tiga kriteria berikut: (1) memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan atau mempertinggi kinerja olahraga; (2) menimbulkan risiko kesehatan potensial atau aktual; atau (3) bertentangan dengan semangat olahraga. Tak satupun dari tiga kriteria tersebut yang berdiri sendiri dapat dimasukkan sebagai zat tambahan dalam Daftar Terlarang. penggunaan potensi untuk
meningkatkan kinerja sebagai kriteria meliputi, misalnya, pelatihan fisik dan mental, red meat, pemuatan karbohidrat dan pelatihan di ketinggian. Risiko buruk meliputi merokok. Ketiga kriteria tersebut di atas belum mencukupi. Sebagai contoh, penggunaan teknologi transfer genetik untuk meningkatkan kinerja olahraga secara drastis harus dilarang karena bertentangan dengan semangat olahraga sekalipun tidak membahayakan. Demikian pula halnya, penyalahgunaan zat-zat tertentu yang berpotensi tidak sehat tanpa pembenaran Terapeutik berdasarkan pada keyakinan yang salah bahwa hal itu akan meningkatkan kinerja adalah bertentangan dengan semangat olahraga terlepas dari apakah harapan peningkatan kinerja tersebut adalah realistis).
4.3.3 Ketetapan WADA tentang Zat Terlarang dan Metode Terlarang yang akan dimasukkan pada Daftar Terlarang bersifat final dan tidak dapat disanggah oleh Olahragawan atau Orang lain yang berdasarkan argumen bahwa zat atau metode tersebut bukan merupakan zat masking atau tidak memiliki potensi meningkatkan kinerja, menimbulkan risiko kesehatan, atau melanggar semangat olahraga.
[Keterangan: pertanyaan mengenai apakah suatu zat memenuhi kriteria di dalam Pasal 4.3 (Kriteria untuk Memasukkan Zat dan Metode pada Daftar Terlarang) pada suatu kasus tertentu tidak bisa diangkat sebagai pembelaan atas suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping. Sebagai contoh, tidak bisa didalilkan bahwa Zat Terlarang yang terdeteksi tidak menyebabkan peningkatan kinerja di dalam olahraga tertentu. Akan tetapi, doping terjadi apabila suatu zat yang ada pada Daftar Terlarang ditemukan di dalam Spesimen tubuh Olahragawan. Prinsip yang sama ditemukan pada OMADC.
4.4 Penggunaan Terapeutik WADA harus mengadopsi suatu Standar Internasional untuk proses Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutik.
Setiap Federasi Internasional harus menjamin, untuk para Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional atau Olahragawan lainnya yang mengikuti Kompetisi Internasional, bahwa terdapat suatu proses di mana para Olahragawan dengan bukti kondisi medis perlu Menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang dapat mengajukan permohonan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik.
Setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional harus menjamin seluruh Olahragawan yang berada dalam lingkup yurisdiksinya yang bukan Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional, bahwa terdapat suatu proses di mana para Olahragawan dengan bukti kondisi medis perlu Menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang dapat mengajukan permohonan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik.
Permohonan tersebut akan dievaluasi sesuai dengan Standar Internasional tentang Penggunaan Terapeutik.
Federasi-Federasi Internasional dan Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional wajib segera melaporkan kepada WADA tentang pemberian Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik kepada Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional atau nasional yang termasuk
dalam Kelompok Pengujian Terdaftar Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional-nya.
WADA, atas inisiatif sendiri, bisa melakukan tinjauan atas Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik pada Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional atau nasional yang termasuk dalam Kelompok Pengujian Terdaftar Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional-nya.
Lebih lanjut, atas permohonan Olahragawan yang Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutiknya ditolak, WADA akan memeriksa penolakan tersebut. Jika WADA mendapatkan bahwa pemberian atau penolakan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik tidak sesuai dengan Standar Internasional untuk Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik, maka WADA dapat membatalkan keputusan tersebut.
[Keterangan:
Penting bahwa proses pemberian Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik menjadi lebih harmonis. Para Olahragawan yang menggunakan Zat-Zat Terlarang yang diresepkan dokter dapat dikenakan sanksi kecuali jika mereka sebelumnya telah mendapatkan Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutik. Akan tetapi, saat ini banyak badan-badan olahraga tidak memiliki peraturan yang mengijinkan Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutik; ada juga yang mengikuti kebijakan tidak tertulis; dan hanya beberapa saja yang memasukkan kebijakan-kebijakan tertulis ke dalam peraturan anti-dopingnya.
Pasal ini berusaha menyelaraskan dasar pemberian Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutik dan memberikan tanggungjawab untuk pemberian atau penolakan pembebasan kepada Federasi-Federasi Internasional bagi para Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional dan kepada Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional untuk para Olahragawan Tingkat Nasional (yang tidak termasuk Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional) dan Olahragawan-Olahragawan lain yang tunduk pada pengawasan Doping berdasarkan Code.
Contoh Zat-Zat Terlarang yang umum diresepkan yang dapat ditangani secara khusus dalam Standar Internasional untuk Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik adalah obat-obatan yang diresepkan bagi penyakit asma berat akut dan penyakit radang perut. Bila Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutik telah ditolak atau diberikan adalah bertentangan dengan Standar Internasional, maka keputusan tersebut bisa diserahkan kepada WADA untuk dilakukan tinjauan ulang (pemeriksaan) sebagaimana ditetapkan di dalam Standar Internasional dan selanjutnya dilakukan banding sebagaimana ditetapkan di dalam Pasal 13.3 (Naik Banding). Jika pemberian pembebasan menggunakan Terapeutik dibatalkan, maka pembatalan tersebut tidak berlaku secara retroaktif dan tidak akan mendiskualifikasi hasil-hasil Olahragawan selama waktu berlakunya Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik tersebut].
4.5 Program Pemantauan WADA, setelah berkonsultasi dengan para Penandatangan dan pemerintah lainnya, wajib MENETAPKAN suatu program pemantauan berkaitan dengan zat-zat yang tidak termasuk dalam Daftar Terlarang, tetapi yang ingin dipantau oleh WADA untuk mendeteksi pola-pola penyalahgunaannya dalam olahraga. WADA
akan mengumumkan, sebelum Pengujian berlangsung, zat-zat yang akan dipantau,. Laboratorium-laboratorium akan melaporkan kejadian-kejadian penggunaan yang dilaporkan atau terdeteksi adanya zat-zat tersebut kepada WADA secara periodik seluruhnya berdasarkan cabang olahraga dan apakah Sampel-Sampel tersebut dikumpulkan Di Dalam Kompetisi atau Di Luar Kompetisi. Laporan tersebut tidak perlu memuat informasi tambahan menyangkut Sampel-sampel spesifik.
WADA wajib menyerahkan sekurang-kurangnya setahun sekali, seluruh informasi statistik menurut jenis olahraga sehubungan dengan bahan tambahan tersebut kepada Federasi-Federasi Internasional dan Organisasi-organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional.
WADA akan melaksanakan tindakan-tindakan untuk menjamin bahwa anonimitas para Olahragawan individual dijaga ketat sehubungan dengan laporan-laporan tersebut.
Pelaporan penggunaan atau terdeteksi adanya zat-zat yang dipantau bukan merupakan pelanggaran doping.
PASAL 5 PENGUJIAN
5.1 Perencanaan Distribusi Pengujian. Organisasi Anti-Doping yang melaksanakan Pengujian harus berkoordinasi dengan Organisasi- organisasi Anti-Doping lain yang melakukan Pengujian pada kelompok Olahragawan yang sama:
5.1.1 Merencanakan dan melaksanakan sejumlah Pengujian yang efektif Di dalam Kompetisi dan Di luar Kompetisi.
Setiap Federasi Internasional harus MENETAPKAN Kelompok Pengujian Terdaftar bagi para Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional dalam olahraganya, dan setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional harus MENETAPKAN Kelompok Pengujian Terdaftar nasional bagi para Olahragawan di negaranya. Kelompok tingkat nasional meliputi para Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional dari negara tersebut dan juga para Olahragawan Tingkat Nasional lainnya.
Setiap Federasi Internasional dan Organisasi Anti- Doping Nasional harus merencanakan dan melaksanakan Pengujian Di Dalam Kompetisi dan Di Luar Kompetisi pada Kelompok Pengujian Terdaftarnya.
5.1.2 Memprioritaskan Pengujian tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.
5.1.3 Melaksanakan Pengujian Target.
[Keterangan: Pengujian Target adalah spesifik karena Pengujian acak, atau bahkan pengujian acak bertingkat, tidak menjamin bahwa semua Olahragawan terkait dapat diperiksa. (Misalnya: Para Olahragawan kelas dunia, para Olahragawan yang kinerjanya meningkat drastis dalam jangka waktu yang singkat, para Olahragawan yang pelatihnya memiliki Olahragawan lain dengan hasil pengujian positif, dll.).
Ternyata, Pemeriksaan Target tidak boleh digunakan untuk tujuan selain daripada melegitimasi pengawasan Doping. Code menjelaskan
bahwa para Olahragawan tidak berhak untuk mengharapkan bahwa mereka hanya akan diperiksa secara acak. Demikian juga, tidak ditentukan kecurigaan atau kemungkinan sebab yang wajar untuk Pemeriksaan Target].
5.2 Standar Pengujian Organisasi-organisasi Anti-Doping yang melaksanakan Pengujian harus melaksanakan Pengujian tersebut sesuai dengan Standar Internasional untuk Pengujian.
[Keterangan: Metode-metode dan proses-proses yang diperlukan untuk berbagai jenis Pengujian Di dalam Kompetisi dan Di luar Kompetisi akan diuraikan lebih rinci dalam Standar Internasional untuk Pemeriksaan].
PASAL 6 ANALISIS SAMPEL Sampel-sampel pengawasan Doping wajib dianalisis sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip berikut:
6.1 Menggunakan Laboratorium yang Telah Diakui Sampel-Sampel Pengawasan Doping harus dianalisis hanya pada laboratorium-laboratorium yang telah diakreditasi oleh WADA atau diakui oleh WADA. Pemilihan laboratorium yang telah diakreditasi oleh WADA (atau metode lain yang diakui oleh WADA) yang digunakan untuk menganalisis Sampel harus ditentukan secara eksklusif oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping yang bertanggungjawab atas manajemen hasil.
[Keterangan: Frase "atau metode lain yang diakui oleh WADA" mencakup, antara lain, prosedur-prosedur Pengujian darah keliling yang telah ditinjau ulang atau dianggap bisa dipercaya oleh WADA.]
6.2 Zat yang dapat dideteksi Sampel-Sampel pengawasan Doping wajib dianalisis untuk mendeteksi Zat-Zat Terlarang dan Metode-Metode Terlarang yang tertera pada Daftar Terlarang dan zat-zat lain sebagaimana diarahkan oleh WADA menurut Pasal 4.5 (Program Pemantauan).
6.3 Penelitian terhadap Sampel Sampel tidak boleh digunakan untuk tujuan selain mendeteksi zat-zat (atau kelas-kelas zat) atau metode-metode yang tertera pada Daftar Terlarang, atau yang teridentifikasi dengan cara lain oleh WADA menurut Pasal 4.5 (Program Pemantauan), tanpa persetujuan tertulis (written consent) dari Olahragawan.
6.4 Standar untuk Analisis Sampel dan Pelaporan Laboratorium-Laboratorium akan menganalisis Sampel-Sampel Pengawasan Doping dan melaporkan hasilnya sesuai dengan Standar Internasional untuk analisis laboratorik.
PASAL 7 MANAJEMEN HASIL
Setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping yang melaksanakan manajemen hasil wajib MENETAPKAN proses untuk administrasi pra-dengar pendapat dari pelanggaran-pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang potensial yang menghormati prinsip-prinsip berikut:
[Keterangan: Banyak Penandatangan yang telah melakukan pendekatan terhadap manajemen hasil untuk Temuan-Temuan Analitik Merugikan.
Sementara berbagai pendekatan secara keseluruhan belum seragam, banyak diantaranya terbukti merupakan sistem yang wajar dan efektif untuk manajemen hasil. Code tidak menggantikan sistem manajemen hasil setiap Penandatangan.
Pasal ini, meskipun demikian, menyebutkan prinsip-prinsip dasar khusus untuk menjamin keadilan mendasar dari proses manajemen hasil yang harus dipatuhi oleh setiap Penandatangan. Peraturan anti-doping khusus dari setiap Penandatangan harus sesuai dengan prinsip dasar ini].
7.1 Tinjauan Ulang Tentang Temuan Analitik Merugikan Setelah menerima Temuan Analitik Merugikan Sampel, Organisasi Anti-Doping yang bertanggungjawab atas manajemen hasil melaksanakan tinjauan ulang untuk menentukan apakah: (a) Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik yang berlaku telah diberikan, atau (b) terdapat penyimpangan nyata dari Standar Internasional untuk Pengujian atau analisis laboratorik yang mengurangi validitas Temuan Analitik Merugikan.
7.2 Pemberitahuan Setelah Tinjauan Ulang Jika tinjauan ulang awal berdasarkan Pasal 7.1 tidak mengungkapkan adanya Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik yang berlaku atau penyimpangan yang mengurangi validitas Temuan Analisis Merugikan, maka Organisasi Anti-Doping akan segera memberitahukan kepada Olahragawan, dengan cara yang diuraikan dalam peraturannya, mengenai: (a) Temuan Analisis Merugikan;
(b) peraturan anti-doping yang dilanggar, atau, dalam hal yang sesuai dengan Pasal 7.3, uraian penyelidikan tambahan yang akan dilakukan sehubungan dengan apakah terdapat pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping; (c) hak Olahragawan untuk meminta segera dilakukan analisis Sampel B atau, jika tidak diajukan, analisis Sampel B dapat dianggap batal; (d) hak Olahragawan dan/atau wakil Olahragawan untuk menghadiri pembukaan dan analisis Sampel B jika analisis tersebut diminta; dan (e) hak Olahragawan untuk meminta salinan paket dokumentasi laboratorium Sampel A dan B meliputi informasi yang diperlukan oleh Standar Internasional untuk analisis laboratorik.
[Keterangan: Olahragawan berhak meminta analisis Sampel B dengan segera tanpa mempertimbangkan apakah diperlukan penyelidikan tindak lanjut (follow-up) berdasarkan Pasal 7.3 atau 7.4.]
7.3 Tinjauan Ulang Lanjutan Temuan Analitik Merugikan yang Dipersyaratkan dalam Daftar Terlarang Organisasi Anti-Doping atau badan peninjau ulang lainnya yang dibentuk oleh organisasi tersebut juga wajib melaksanakan penyelidikan lanjutan yang dipersyaratkan dalam Daftar
Terlarang. Setelah selesai penyelidikan lanjutan tersebut, Organisasi Anti-Doping wajib segera memberitahukan kepada Olahragawan mengenai hasil penyelidikan lanjutan tersebut dan apakah Organisasi Anti-Doping yakin bahwa peraturan anti-doping telah dilanggar atau tidak.
7.4 Tinjauan Ulang Pelanggaran Peraturan Anti-Doping Lain Organisasi Anti-Doping atau badan peninjau ulang lain yang dibentuk oleh organisasi tersebut wajib melakukan penyelidikan lanjutan sebagaimana yang diperlukan berdasarkan kebijakan-kebijakan dan peraturan-peraturan anti-doping yang berlaku yang diadopsi sesuai dengan Code atau dengan cara lain yang dianggap sesuai oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping.
Organisasi Anti-Doping wajib segera menyampaikan pemberitahuan sanksi kepada Olahragawan atau orang lain yang terkena, dengan cara yang diuraikan dalam peraturan- peraturan, mengenai peraturan anti-doping yang ternyata telah dilanggar, dan dasar-dasar pelanggaran tersebut.
[Keterangan: Sebagai contoh, suatu Federasi Internasional secara khusus akan memberitahukan kepada Olahragawan melalui federasi olahraga nasional Olahragawan tersebut].
7.5 Prinsip yang Berlaku untuk Skorsing Sementara Penandatangan dapat mengadopsi peraturan, yang berlaku untuk Pertandingan dimana Penandatangan merupakan badan yang berwenang atau untuk proses pemilihan tim dimana Penandatangan adalah pihak yang bertanggungjawab, yang mengijinkan pemberlakuan Skorsing Sementara setelah dilakukannya peninjauan ulang dan pemberitahuan yang diuraikan dalam pasal 7.1 dan 7.2 tetapi sebelum pemeriksaan akhir sebagaimana diuraikan pada Pasal 8 (Hak untuk Dengar Pendapat yang Adil). Akan tetapi dengan ketentuan bahwa Skorsing Sementara tidak dapat diberlakukan kecuali bila Olahragawan diberi: (a) kesempatan untuk Dengar Pendapat Sementara (Provisional Hearing) baik sebelum dikenakannya Skorsing Sementara tersebut atau pada waktu setelah dikenakannya Skorsing Sementara; atau (b) kesempatan untuk mempercepat pelaksanaan dengar pendapat sesuai dengan Pasal 8 (Hak untuk Dengar Pendapat yang Adil) pada waktu setelah dikenakannya Skorsing Sementara.
Jika Skorsing Sementara dikenakan berdasarkan Temuan Analisis Merugikan Sampel dan rangkaian analisis Sampel B tidak memperkuat analisis Sampel A, maka Olahragawan wajib tidak dapat dikenakan sanksi disipliner dan sanksi apapun yang sebelumnya dikenakan wajib dibatalkan. Dalam keadaan-keadaan dimana Olahragawan atau tim Olahragawan telah dikeluarkan dari suatu Kompetisi dan rangkaian analisis Sampel B tidak memperkuat temuan Sampel A, jika, tanpa mempengaruhi Kompetisi dengan cara lain, masih ada kemungkinan bagi Olahragawan atau tim untuk dimasukkan kembali, Olahragawan atau tim dapat melanjutkan ambil bagian di dalam Kompetisi.
[Keterangan: Pasal ini tetap mengijinkan kemungkinan Skorsing Sementara sebelum keputusan akhir pada pemeriksaan berdasarkan Pasal 8. Skorsing Sementara diizinkan di dalam OMADC dan peraturan-peraturan dari banyak Federasi-Federasi Internasional.
Akan tetapi, sebelum Skorsing Sementara dikenakan secara sepihak oleh suatu Organisasi Anti-Doping, tinjauan ulang internal yang disebut pada Code harus diselesaikan terlebih dahulu. Selain itu, Penandatangan yang mengenakan Skorsing Sementara diharuskan memberikan kesempatan kepada Olahragawan untuk menyatakan pendapat sementara baik sebelum atau segera setelah dikenakan Skorsing Sementara, atau kesempatan untuk menyatakan pendapat akhir dipercepat berdasarkan pasal 8 setelah dikenakan Skorsing Sementara. Olahragawan berhak mengajukan banding berdasarkan pasal
13.2. Sebagai alternatif untuk proses bagi penjatuhan Skorsing Sementara berdasarkan Pasal ini, Organisasi Anti-Doping dapat memilih untuk melewatkan Skorsing Sementara dan langsung melanjutkan ke dengar pendapat akhir dengan memanfaatkan proses dipercepat berdasarkan pasal 8.
Dalam keadaan yang jarang dimana analisis Sampel B tidak memperkuat temuan Sampel A, Olahragawan yang telah dikenakan Skorsing Sementara akan diizinkan, apabila keadaan memungkinkan, untuk ikut serta di dalam Kompetisi-Kompetisi berikutnya selama kompetisi tersebut. Sesuai dengan peraturan terkait Federasi Internasional dalam suatu olahraga tim, bila tim masih ikut Kompetisi, Olahragawan tersebut dapat ikut dalam Kompetisi selanjutnya.
PASAL 8 HAK UNTUK DENGAR PENDAPAT YANG ADIL Setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping dengan tanggungjawab untuk manajemen hasil harus menyediakan suatu proses dengar pendapat bagi Orang yang diyakini telah melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping.
Proses dengar pendapat tersebut ditujukan untuk mengetahui apakah suatu pelanggaran anti-doping telah dilakukan dan, jika memang demikian, diberikan Konsekuensi-Konsekuensi yang sesuai. Proses pemeriksaan harus menghormati prinsip-prinsip berikut:
•dengar pendapat dilakukan secara tepat waktu;
•badan dengar pendapat yang adil dan tidak berpihak;
•hak untuk diwakili oleh kuasa hukum atas biaya Orang tersebut sendiri;
•hak untuk diberitahu secara wajar dan tepat waktu mengenai pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang disangkakan;
•hak untuk memberikan tanggapan terhadap pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang disangkakan dan Konsekuensi-Konsekuensi yang diakibatkan;
•hak setiap pihak untuk mengajukan bukti, termasuk hak untuk memanggil dan bertanya kepada saksi (tunduk pada kebijakan badan dengar pendapat untuk menyetujui pernyataan melalui telefon atau pernyataan tertulis);
•hak Orang tersebut atas seorang penterjemah (Interpreter) pada dengar pendapat, dengan badan dengar pendapat untuk menentukan identitas, dan bertanggungjawab atas biaya, penterjemah; dan
•keputusan yang tepat waktu, tertulis, masuk akal;
[Keterangan: Pasal ini memuat prinsip-prinsip dasar terkait untuk menjamin suatu dengar pendapat yang adil bagi Orang-Orang yang disangka telah melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping. Pasal ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan peraturan sendiri setiap Penandatangan untuk dengar pendapat tetapi melainkan untuk menjamin bahwa setiap penandatangan menyelenggarakan suatu proses dengar pendapat yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip ini.
Rujukan kepada CAS sebagai badan yang berwenang dalam naik banding dalam Pasal 13 tidak menghalangi Penandatangan untuk MENETAPKAN CAS sebagai badan dengar pendapat awal].
Dengar pendapat yang diselenggarakan sehubungan dengan Pertandingan-Pertandingan dapat dilakukan melalui proses yang dipercepat sebagaimana diizinkan oleh peraturan-peraturan Organisasi Anti-Doping terkait dan badan dengar pendapat.
[Keterangan: Contoh dengar pendapat dapat dipercepat pada malam dari Pertandingan besar dimana keputusan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping diperlukan untuk menentukan Larangan Keikutsertaan Olahragawan berpartisipasi dalam Pertandingan atau selama suatu Pertandingan dimana keputusan kasus tersebut akan mempengaruhi validitas hasil-hasil Olahragawan atau kelanjutan partisipasi dalam Pertandingan tersebut].
PASAL 9 DISKUALIFIKASI OTOMATIS HASIL PERORANGAN Suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping sehubungan dengan Pengujian Di dalam Kompetisi secara otomatis mengakibatkan Diskualifikasi hasil perorangan yang diperoleh dalam Kompetisi tersebut dengan segala konsekuensi yang dihasilkan, termasuk penyitaan medali, nilai-nilai dan hadiah-hadiah.
[Keterangan: Prinsip ini sekarang ditemukan dalam OMADC. Bila seorang Olahragawan memenangkan medali emas dengan Zat Terlarang ada di dalam sistemnya, itu tidak adil bagi para Olahragawan lain dalam Kompetisi tersebut terlepas dari apakah penerima medali emas bersalah dengan cara apapun. Hanya Olahragawan yang "bersih" saja yang diizinkan untuk menikmati hasil-hasil Kompetisinya.
Bagi Olahraga Tim, lihat Pasal 11 (Konsekuensi terhadap Tim).
PASAL 10 SANKSI TERHADAP PERORANGAN
10.1 Diskualifikasi Hasil dalam Pertandingan Selama Terjadinya Pelanggaran Peraturan Anti-Doping Suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang terjadi selama atau dalam hubungan dengan suatu Pertandingan dapat, atas keputusan badan yang mengatur Pertandingan, mengakibatkan Diskualifikasi semua hasil perorangan Olahragawan yang telah diperoleh dalam Pertandingan tersebut dengan segala konsekuensinya, termasuk penyitaan semua medali, nilai-nilai dan hadiah-hadiah, kecuali sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal
10.1.1.
[Keterangan:
Bahwa Pasal 9 (Diskualifikasi Otomatis dari Hasil-Hasil perorangan) Diskualifikasi hasil dalam suatu Kompetisi Tunggal di mana Olahragawan diperiksa positif (misalnya, gaya punggung 100 meter), Pasal ini dapat mengakibatkan diskualifikasi semua hasil-hasil dalam semua lomba kecepatan selama Kompetisi tersebut (misalnya Kejuaraan Dunia FINA).
Faktor-faktor yang akan dimasukkan dalam mempertimbangkan apakah akan Mendiskualifikasi hasil-hasil lain dalam suatu Kompetisi dapat meliputi, misalnya, beratnya tingkat pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping Olahragawan dan apakah Olahragawan tersebut memiliki hasil pemeriksaan negatif dalam Kompetisi-Kompetisi lain].
10.1.1 Jika Olahragawan membuktikan bahwa ia Tidak Bersalah atau Tidak Lalai atas pelanggaran tersebut, maka hasil-hasil perorangan Olahragawan tersebut dalam Kompetisi-Kompetisi lain tidak akan didiskualifikasi kecuali hasil-hasil Olahragawan dalam Kompetisi- Kompetisi lain selain dari Kompetisi di mana pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping terjadi yang kemungkinan telah dipengaruhi oleh pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping Olahragawan tersebut.
10.2 Penjatuhan Larangan Keikutsertaan untuk Zat Terlarang dan Metode Terlarang Kecuali untuk zat-zat spesifik yang telah disebutkan dalam Pasal
10.3, jangka waktu Larangan Keikutsertaan yang dikenakan untuk suatu pelanggaran Pasal 2.1 (adanya Zat Terlarang atau Metabolites atau Markers-nya), Pasal 2.2 (Menggunakan atau Upaya Menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang) dan Pasal 2.6 (Memiliki Zat dan Metode Terlarang) adalah:
Pelanggaran pertama: Larangan Keikutsertaan dua (2) tahun.
Pelanqqaran kedua: Larangan Keikutsertaan seumur hidup.
Akan tetapi, Olahragawan tersebut atau Orang lain mempunyai kesempatan dalam masing-masing kasus, sebelum jangka waktu Larangan Keikutsertaan dikenakan, untuk menyusun dasar-dasar bagi penghapusan atau pengurangan sanksi sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 10.5.
[Keterangan: Keselarasan sanksi-sanksi merupakan salah satu bidang anti-doping yang paling banyak dibicarakan dan diperdebatkan.
Argumen-argumen yang menentang perlunya keselarasan sanksi didasarkan pada perbedaan antara cabang-cabang olahraga termasuk misalnya sebagai berikut: dalam beberapa cabang olahraga para Olahragawan adalah para profesional yang mencari penghasilan cukup besar dari olahraga dan dilain pihak para Olahragawan adalah para amatir sejati; dalam olahraga dimana karir Olahragawan adalah pendek (misalnya senam keindahan) Diskualifikasi dua tahun memiliki pengaruh yang jauh lebih bermakna terhadap Olahragawan
dibandingkan pada olahraga dimana karir secara tradisional jauh lebih lama (misalnya menunggang kuda dan menembak); di dalam olahraga perorangan, Olahragawan lebih mampu menjaga keterampilan bersaing melalui latihan perorangan selama Diskualifikasi dibandingkan dalam olahraga-olahraga lain dimana latihan sebagai bagian dari tim adalah lebih penting. Argumen utama yang mendukung keselarasan adalah bahwa pada dasarnya tidak benar bahwa dua orang Olahragawan dari negara yang sama yang memiliki hasil pemeriksaan positif untuk Zat Terlarang yang sama berdasarkan keadaan yang sama harus menerima sanksi yang berbeda hanya karena mereka ikut serta di dalam olahraga yang berbeda. Selain itu, fleksibilitas di dalam pemberian sanksi seringkali dipandang sebagai kesempatan yang tidak bisa diterima bagi beberapa badan-badan olahraga untuk lebih lunak terhadap para doper. Kurangnya keselarasan sanksi juga seringkali menjadi sumber konflik yurisdiksional antara Federasi Internasional dan Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional.
Konsensus Konferensi Dunia tentang Doping dalam Olahraga yang diselenggarakan di Lausanne pada bulan Pebruari 1999 mendukung jangka waktu dua tahun Larangan Keikutsertaan bagi pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping serius pertama yang diikuti dengan larangan seumur hidup bagi pelanggaran kedua. Konsensus ini dinyatakan dalam OMADC].
10.3 Zat Spesifik Daftar Terlarang dapat mengidentifikasi zat-zat spesifik yang terutama rawan terhadap pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping tanpa disengaja karena ketersediaannya secara umum dalam produk-produk obat-obatan atau yang lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk bisa berhasil disalah-gunakan sebagai zat doping. Apabila seorang Olahragawan dapat membuktikan bahwa Penggunaan zat yang disebutkan tersebut tidak dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kinerja olahraga, maka Larangan Keikutsertaan yang terdapat da1am Pasal 10.2 wajib diganti sebagai berikut:
Pelanggaran pertama: Minimum, peringatan dan teguran dan tidak ada masa Larangan Keikutsertaan dari Pertandingan-Pertandingan selanjutnya, dan maksimum, Larangan Keikutsertaan selama satu
(1) tahun.
Pelanggaran kedua: Larangan Keikutsertaan selama dua (2) tahun.
Pelanggaran ketiga: Larangan Keikutsertaan seumur hidup.
Akan tetapi, Olahragawan tersebut atau Orang lain memiliki kesempatan dalam masing-masing kasus, sebelum jangka waktu Larangan Keikutsertaan dikenakan, untuk menyusun dasar-dasar bagi penghapusan atau pengurangan sanksi sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 10.5.
[Keterangan: Prinsip ini diambil dari OMADC dan mengizinkan, misalnya, fleksibilitas tertentu dalam mendisiplinkan Olahragawan yang hasil pengujiannya positif sebagai akibat tidak sengaja
menggunakan obat flu yang mengandung stimulansia yang dilarang.
"Pengurangan" sanksi berdasarkan Pasal 10.5.2 hanya berlaku untuk pelanggaran kedua atau ketiga karena sanksi untuk pelanggaran pertama telah cukup bijaksana untuk mempertimbangkan tingkat kelalaian Orang tersebut).
10.4 Larangan Keikutsertaan karena Pelanggaran Peraturan Anti-Doping Lainnya Masa Larangan Keikutsertaan untuk pelanggaran-pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping lainnya adalah:
10.4.1 Untuk pelanggaran-pelanggaran Pasal 2.3 (menolak atau gagal menyerahkan untuk pengumpulan Sampel) atau pasal
2.5 (Merusak pengawasan Doping), berlaku Larangan Keikutsertaan yang diuraikan pada Pasal 10.2.
10.4.2 Untuk pelanggaran-pelanggaran Pasal 2.7 (Perdagangan) atau Pasal 2.8 (pemberian Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang), maka Larangan Keikutsertaan yang dikenakan adalah minimal empat (4) tahun sampai dengan Larangan Keikutsertaan seumur hidup. Suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang melibatkan Anak Di Bawah Umur wajib dianggap sebagai pelanggaran berat, dan, bila pelanggaran-pelanggaran dilakukan oleh Tenaga Keolahragaan selain dari zat-zat spesifik yang disebutkan dalam Pasal 10.3, mengakibatkan Larangan Keikutsertaan seumur hidup bagi Tenaga Keolahragaan tersebut. Selain itu, pelanggaran-pelanggaran pasal- pasal tersebut juga bertentangan dengan hukum-hukum dan peraturan-peraturan non keolahragaan, dapat dilaporkan kepada instansi administratif, profesional atau hukum yang kompeten.
[Keterangan: Mereka yang terlibat dalam pemberian doping kepada Olahragawan atau menutup-nutupi doping harus dikenakan sanksi- sanksi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Olahragawan yang hasil pemeriksaannya positif. Karena kewenangan organisasi keolahragaan pada umumnya terbatas pada mengeluarkan surat Larangan Keikutsertaan, keanggotaan dan manfaat olahraga lainnya, melaporkan Tenaga Keolahragaan kepada instansi yang berwenang merupakan langkah penting dalam menangkal doping.)
10.4.3 Untuk pelanggaran Pasal 2.4 (pelanggaran keberadaan atau mengabaikan Pengujian), maka Larangan Keikutsertaan adalah minimal 3 bulan dan maksimum 2 tahun sesuai dengan peraturan-peraturan yang ditetapkan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping yang pengujiannya diabaikan atau persyaratan keberadaannya dilanggar. Masa Larangan Keikutsertaan untuk pelanggaran selanjutnya dari Pasal
2.4 adalah sebagaimana ditetapkan di dalam peraturan Organisasi Anti-Doping yang pengujiannya diabaikan (missed test) atau persyaratan keberadaannya dilanggar.
[Keterangan:
Kebijakan-kebijakan keberadaan dan pengabaian pengujian dari Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping yang berbeda dapat bervariasi, terutama pada permulaan kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut mulai ada. Oleh karena itu, diberikan pertimbangan fleksibilitas yang cukup besar bagi pemberian sanksi terhadap pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping ini. Organisasi Anti-Doping yang memiliki kebijakan yang lebih canggih termasuk membangun perlindungan, dan organisasi yang memiliki catatan pengalaman Olahragawan yang lebih panjang dengan kebijakan keberadaan, dapat memberikan masa Larangan Keikutsertaan dengan masa berakhir yang lebih lama dari rentang yang disebutkan.
10.5 Penghapusan atau pengurangan Masa Larangan Keikutsertaan Berdasarkan Keadaan Luar Biasa
10.5.1 Tidak Bersalah atau Lalai Bila Olahragawan membuktikan dalam suatu kasus perorangan yang melibatkan suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping berdasarkan Pasal 2.1 (Adanya Zat Terlarang atau metabolites atau Markers-nya) atau Menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang berdasarkan Pasal 2.2 bahwa ia tidak bersalah atau tidak teledor atas pelanggaran tersebut, maka masa Larangan Keikutsertaan yang berlaku dengan cara lain akan dihapuskan. Apabila Zat Terlarang atau metabolites atau Markers-nya terdeteksi di dalam Spesimen Olahragawan yang melanggar Pasal 2.1 (Adanya Zat Terlarang), maka Olahragawan tersebut juga harus membuktikan bagaimana Zat Terlarang tersebut telah memasuki sistem tubuhnya agar masa Larangan Keikutsertaan dihapuskan. Dalam pasal ini masa Larangan Keikutsertaan yang bisa diberlakukan dengan cara lain dihapuskan, maka pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping tidak dianggap sebagai pelanggaran untuk tujuan terbatas dari menentukan masa Larangan Keikutsertaan untuk pelanggaran ganda berdasarkan pasal
10.2, 10.3 dan 10.6.
[Keterangan:
Pasal
10.5.1 hanya berlaku untuk pelanggaran berdasarkan pasal 2.1 dan 2.2 (Adanya dan Menggunakan Zat Terlarang) karena kesalahan atau kelalaian sudah cukup untuk membuktikan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping berdasarkan peraturan anti-doping lain).
10.5.2 Tidak Ada Kesalahan atau Kelalaian Signifikan Pasal 10.5.2 ini hanya berlaku untuk pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang disebutkan dalam Pasal 2.1, Penggunaan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang berdasarkan Pasal
2.2, kegagalan untuk menyerahkan Sampel berdasarkan Pasal 2.3, atau pemberian Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang berdasarkan Pasal
2.8.
Jika Olahragawan membuktikan dalam suatu kasus individual yang melibatkan pelanggaran tersebut bahwa ia tidak bersalah atau lalai secara signifikan, maka masa Larangan Keikutsertaan dapat dikurangi, tetapi masa pengurangan
Larangan Keikutsertaan tersebut tidak boleh kurang dari setengah masa minimal Larangan Keikutsertaan yang berlaku dengan cara lain.
Jika masa Larangan Keikutsertaan yang berlaku dengan cara lain adalah seumur hidup, maka masa pengurangan berdasarkan bagian ini adalah sekurang-kurangnya 8 tahun. Apabila suatu Zat Terlarang atau metabolites atau Markers-nya terdeteksi dalam Spesimen Olahragawan yang melanggar Pasal
2.1, maka Olahragawan tersebut juga harus membuktikan bagaimana Zat Terlarang tersebut telah masuk ke dalam tubuhnya untuk mendapatkan pengurangan masa Larangan Keikutsertaan.
[Keterangan:
Kecenderungan dalam kasus-kasus doping adalah mengakui bahwa terdapat beberapa kesempatan dalam pelaksanaan proses pemeriksaan untuk mempertimbangkan fakta dan keadaan unik masing-masing kasus khusus dalam menjatuhkan sanksi. Prinsip ini telah disetujui pada Konferensi Dunia tentang Doping dalam Olahraga dan telah dimasukkan ke dalam OMADC yang MENETAPKAN bahwa sanksi dapat dikurangi dalam "keadaan luar biasa". Code juga MENETAPKAN kemungkinan pengurangan atau penghapusan masa Larangan Keikutsertaan di dalam keadaan unik dimana Olahragawan bisa membuktikan bahwa ia tidak bersalah atau tidak lalai, atau tidak ada kesalahan atau kelalaian yang Signifikan sehubungan dengan pelanggaran. Pendekatan ini sesuai dengan prinsip dasar hak asasi manusia dan memberikan keseimbangan antara Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping yang mendukung pengecualian yang jauh lebih sempit, atau tidak ada pengecualian sama sekali, dan akan mengurangi skorsing dua tahun berdasarkan berbagai macam faktor lainnya sekalipun jika Olahragawan mengaku bersalah. Pasal-pasal ini hanya berlaku untuk penjatuhan sanksi dan tidak berlaku untuk menentukan apakah pelanggaran aturan anti-doping telah terjadi.
Pasal 10.5 dimaksudkan hanya memiliki dampak terhadap kasus dimana keadaannya benar-benar luar biasa dan bukan dalam kasus umum yang kebanyakan.
Untuk menggambarkan berlakunya Pasal 10.5, suatu contoh dimana tidak ada Kesalahan atau Kelalaian mengakibatkan penghapusan total suatu sanksi adalah dimana seorang Olahragawan bisa membuktikan bahwa, meskipun telah berhati-hati, ia telah disabotase oleh seorang pesaing. Sebaliknya, suatu sanksi tidak bisa dihapuskan secara keseluruhan atas dasar tidak ada kesalahan atau kelalaian dalam keadaan-keadaan berikut: (a) uji positif yang diakibatkan dari vitamin atau suplemen nutrisi yang labelnya salah atau terkontaminasi (para Olahragawan bertanggungjawab atas apa yang mereka makan atau minum (pasal 2.1.1) dan telah diperingatkan mengenai kontaminasi suplemen); (b) penggunaan Zat terlarang oleh dokter pribadi atau pelatih Olahragawan tanpa sepengetahuan Olahragawan (Olahragawan bertanggungjawab atas pilihan personel medisnya dan bertanggungjawab untuk memberitahu kepada personel medis bahwa mereka tidak bisa diberi Zat terlarang); dan (c) sabotase terhadap makanan atau minuman Olahragawan oleh suami/istri, pelatih atau orang lain di dalam lingkaran pergaulan
Olahragawan (Olahragawan bertanggungjawab atas apa yang mereka makan atau minum dan bertanggungjawab atas tindakan orang-orang yang mereka percayai untuk mengakses makanan dan minumannya). Akan tetapi, tergantung pada fakta unik suatu kasus khusus, setiap gambaran yang dirujuk bisa mengakibatkan pengurangan sanksi berdasarkan tidak ada kesalahan atau kelalain yang Signifikan (misalnya, pengurangan bisa sesuai di dalam gambaran (a) jika Olahragawan secara jelas membuktikan bahwa penyebab uji positif tersebut adalah kontaminasi di dalam vitamin ganda umum yang dibeli dari sebuah sumber yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan Zat- Zat Terlarang dan Olahragawan sudah berhati-hati untuk tidak menggunakan suplemen nutrisi lainnya).
Pasal 10.5.2 hanya berlaku untuk pelanggaran-pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang telah diidentifikasi karena pelanggaran ini bisa didasarkan pada tindakan yang tidak sengaja atau tidak diniatkan.
Pelanggaran berdasarkan Pasal 2.4 (informasi keberadaan dan mengabaikan pengujian) tidak disertakan, meskipun tindakan sengaja tidak dipersyaratkan untuk membuktikan pelanggaran ini, karena sanksi untuk pelanggaran-pelanggaran Pasal 2.4 (mulai dari tiga bulan sampai dua tahun) sudah membentuk dasar yang cukup untuk memungkinkan pertimbangan mengenai tingkat kesalahan Olahragawan].
10.5.3 Bantuan Substansial Olahragawan dalam Menemukan atau Membuktikan Pelanggaran-Pelanggaran Peraturan Anti- Doping oleh Tenaga Keolahragaan dan Pihak lain.
Organisasi Anti-Doping juga bisa mengurangi masa Larangan Keikutsertaan di dalam kasus individual dimana Olahragawan telah memberikan bantuan substansial terhadap Organisasi Anti-Doping yang mengakibatkan Organisasi Anti-Doping tersebut menemukan atau membuktikan suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping oleh Orang lain yang mengakibatkan Kepemilikan berdasarkan Pasal
2.6.2 (Kepemilikan oleh Tenaga Keolahragaan), Pasal 2.7 (Perdagangan), atau Pasal 2.8 (pemberian pada Olahragawan). Akan tetapi, pengurangan masa Larangan Keikutsertaan tidak boleh kurang dari setengah masa Larangan Keikutsertaan minimal yang berlaku dengan cara lain.
Jika masa Larangan Keikutsertaan yang berlaku dengan cara lain adalah seumur hidup, maka pengurangan masa berdasarkan bagian ini tidak kurang dari 8 tahun.
10.6 Peraturan untuk Pelanggaran Ganda Tertentu
10.6.1 Untuk tujuan penjatuhan sanksi berdasarkan Pasal 10.2,
10.3, dan 10.4, pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping kedua bisa dipertimbangkan untuk tujuan penjatuhan sanksi saja jika Organisasi Anti-Doping bisa membuktikan bahwa Olahragawan atau Orang lain telah melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping kedua setelah Olahragawan atau Orang lain tersebut menerima pemberitahuan, atau setelah Organisasi Anti-Doping melakukan upaya yang wajar untuk menyampaikan pemberitahuan, mengenai
pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping pertama;
jika Organisasi Anti-Doping tidak bisa membuktikan hal ini, maka pelanggaran dianggap sebagai satu pelanggaran pertama tunggal, dan sanksi yang dikenakan didasarkan atas pelanggaran yang membawa sanksi yang lebih berat.
[Keterangan: Berdasarkan Pasal ini, seorang Olahragawan yang hasil pengujiannya positif untuk kedua kalinya sebelum pemberitahuan uji positif pertama hanya akan diberi sanksi berdasarkan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping tunggal].
10.6.2 Apabila seorang Olahragawan, berdasarkan Pengawasan Doping yang sama, ternyata telah melakukan suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang melibatkan zat spesifik yang disebutkan berdasarkan Pasal 10.3 maupun Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang lainnya, maka Olahragawan tersebut dianggap telah melakukan satu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping tunggal, tetapi sanksi yang dikenakan didasarkan atas Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang yang membawa sanksi paling berat.
10.6.3 Apabila seorang Olahragawan ternyata telah melakukan dua pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping terpisah, yang satu melibatkan zat spesifik yang diatur oleh sanksi-sanksi yang diuraikan pada Pasal 10.3 (Zat Spesifik) dan yang satunya lagi melibatkan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang yang diatur oleh sanksi-sanksi yang diuraikan pada Pasal 10.2 atau suatu pelanggaran yang diatur oleh sanksi-sanksi pada pasal
10.4.1, maka masa Larangan Keikutsertaan yang dikenakan untuk pelanggaran kedua adalah minimal Larangan Keikutsertaan dua tahun dan maksimal Larangan Keikutsertaan tiga tahun. Olahragawan yang ketahuan telah melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping ketiga yang melibatkan gabungan zat-zat spesifik berdasarkan Pasal
10.3 dan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping lainnya berdasarkan 10.2 atau 10.4.1 akan menerima sanksi Larangan Keikutsertaan seumur hidup.
[Keterangan: Pasal 10.6.3 berhubungan dengan keadaan dimana seorang Olahragawan melakukan dua pelanggaran peraturan anti- doping terpisah, tetapi salah satu pelanggaran melibatkan zat spesifik yang diatur oleh sanksi yang lebih rendah pada Pasal
10.3. Tanpa adanya Pasal ini di dalam Code, pelanggaran kedua bisa dianggap diatur oleh sanksi yang berlaku untuk pelanggaran kedua untuk Zat Terlarang yang terlibat di dalam pelanggaran kedua, sanksi yang berlaku terhadap pelanggaran kedua untuk zat yang terlibat di dalam pelanggaran pertama, atau perpaduan sanksi- sanksi yang berlaku terhadap kedua pelanggaran tersebut. Pasal ini memberlakukan sanksi gabungan yang dihitung dengan menggabungkan sanksi-sanksi untuk pelanggaran pertama berdasarkan 10.2 (dua tahun) dan pelanggaran pertama berdasarkan 10.3 (sampai dengan satu tahun). Ini memberikan sanksi yang sama terhadap Olahragawan yang melakukan pelanggaran pertama berdasarkan 10.2 yang diikuti
dengan pelanggaran kedua yang melibatkan zat spesifik, dan Olahragawan yang melakukan pelanggaran pertama yang melibatkan zat spesifik diikuti dengan pelanggaran kedua berdasarkan 10.2. Dalam kedua kasus tersebut, sanksinya adalah Larangan Keikutsertaan mulai dari dua tahun sampai tiga tahun].
10.7 Diskualifikasi Hasil Di Dalam Kompetisi Setelah Pengumpulan Sampel Di samping Diskualifikasi otomatis hasil dalam Kompetisi yang menghasilkan Sampel positif berdasarkan Pasal 9 (Diskualifikasi Otomatis Hasil Perorangan), semua hasil Kompetisi lainnya yang diperoleh mulai dari tanggal Sampel Positif dikumpulkan (apakah Di Dalam Kompetisi atau Di Luar Kompetisi), atau pelanggaran doping lain terjadi, sampai dengan dimulainya Skorsing Sementara atau masa Larangan Keikutsertaan, kecuali jika keadilan mengharuskan lain, akan didiskualifikasi dengan segala konsekuensi yang diakibatkannya termasuk penyitaan medali, nilai-nilai dan hadiah-hadiah.
10.8 Permulaan Masa Larangan Keikutsertaan Masa Larangan Keikutsertaan akan dimulai pada tanggal keputusan dengar pendapat yang MENETAPKAN Larangan Keikutsertaan atau, jika pemeriksaan ditiadakan, pada tanggal Larangan Keikutsertaan diterima atau dengan cara lain dikenakan. Masa Skorsing sementara (baik yang dikenakan atau diterima secara sukarela) akan dikreditkan terhadap total masa Larangan Keikutsertaan yang akan dilewati. Apabila dipersyaratkan oleh keadilan, misalnya keterlambatan di dalam proses dengar pendapat atau aspek-aspek lain pengawasan Doping yang tidak disebabkan oleh Olahragawan, badan yang mengenakan sanksi bisa memulai masa Larangan Keikutsertaan pada tanggal yang lebih awal yang dimulai pada tanggal pengumpulan contoh.
[Keterangan: Saat ini, banyak Organisasi Anti-Doping memulai masa Larangan Keikutsertaan dua tahun pada saat keputusan dengar pendapat diberikan. Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping tersebut juga seringkali membatalkan berlakunya hasil secara retroaktif sampai dengan tanggal suatu Sampel positif dikumpulkan. Organisasi Anti-Doping lainnya memulai skorsing dua tahun pada tanggal sampel positif dikumpulkan. OMADC, sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh dokumen penjelasnya, tidak mengamanatkan salah satu dari pendekatan tersebut.
Pendekatan yang diberikan pada Code memberikan disinsentif yang kuat bagi Olahragawan untuk menjalani proses dengar pendapat sementara mereka tengah bertanding. Pendekatan ini juga mendorong mereka untuk menerima secara sukarela Skorsing Sementara sambil menunggu pemeriksaan. Di sisi lain, badan yang mengenakan sanksi bisa memulai sanksi yang berjalan sebelum tanggal keputusan dengar pendapat dicapai sedemikian rupa sehingga seorang Olahragawan tidak dihukum karena keterlambatan di dalam proses pengawasan Doping yang bukan merupakan kesalahannya, misalnya, kesalahan besar oleh laboratorium di dalam melaporkan suatu uji positif atau keterlambatan dalam menjadwalkan dengar pendapat yang disebabkan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping.
10.9 Status Selama Masa Larangan Keikutsertaan Orang yang telah dinyatakan Dilarang Untuk Ikut Serta (Ineligible) tidak boleh, selama masa Larangan Keikutsertaan, ikut serta di dalam kapasitas apapun juga di dalam sebuah Kompetisi atau kegiatan (selain program pendidikan atau rehabilitasi anti-doping yang diizinkan) yang diwenangkan atau diselenggarakan oleh Penandatangan atau organisasi anggota Penandatangan. Di samping itu, untuk pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang tidak melibatkan zat-zat spesifik dalam Pasal 10.3, beberapa atau semua dukungan finansial berkait dengan olahraga atau manfaat-manfaat yang berkaitan dengan olahraga lainnya yang diterima oleh Orang tersebut akan ditahan oleh para Penandatangan, organisasi anggota Penandatangan, dan pemerintah. Orang yang terkena masa Larangan Keikutsertaan lebih dari empat tahun dan telah menyelesaikan empat tahun masa Larangan Keikutsertaan, bisa ikut serta di dalam pertandingan-pertandingan olahraga setempat dalam olahraga selain dari olahraga dimana Orang tersebut telah melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping, tetapi hanya sepanjang pertandingan olahraga lokal dan tidak pada tingkat yang bisa dengan cara lain memberikan kualifikasi terhadap Orang tersebut secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung untuk bertanding di dalam (atau mengakumulasikan poin-poin) suatu kejuaraan nasional atau Pertandingan Internasional.
[Keterangan: Peraturan dari beberapa Organisasi Anti-Doping hanya melarang seorang Olahragawan dari "berkompetisi" selama suatu masa Larangan Keikutsertaan. sebagai contoh, seorang Olahragawan di dalam olahraga-olahraga tersebut masih bisa menjadi pelatih selama masa Larangan Keikutsertaan tersebut. Pasal ini mengadopsi posisi yang diuraikan pada OMADC bahwa seorang Olahragawan yang dibuat Ineligible karena doping tidak boleh ikut serta di dalam kapasitas apapun juga di dalam suatu Kompetisi atau kegiatan resmi selama masa Larangan Keikutsertaan. Pasal ini akan menghalangi, misalnya, berlatih bersama dengan tim nasional, atau bertindak sebagai pelatih atau official olahraga. Sanksi di dalam satu olahraga juga akan diakui oleh cabang olahraga yang lain (lihat Pasal 15.4).
Pasal ini tidak melarang Orang tersebut ikut serta di dalam olahraga pada tingkat yang murni rekreasi].
10.10 Pengujian Pengembalian Hak Keikutsertaan (Reinstatement Test).
Sebagai suatu syarat untuk memperoleh kembali hak keikutsertaan pada akhir masa Larangan Keikutsertaan yang ditentukan, seorang Olahragawan selama masa Skorsing Sementara atau Larangan Keikutsertaan, harus bersedia menjalani Pengujian Di Luar Kompetisi oleh sebuah Organisasi Anti-Doping yang memiliki yurisdiksi untuk melakukan pengujian, dan, bila diminta, harus memberikan informasi keberadaan terkini dan akurat. Jika seorang Olahragawan yang tunduk pada masa Larangan Keikutsertaan mengundurkan diri dari olahraga dan dikeluarkan dari Kelompok Pengujian Di Luar Kompetisi dan
selanjutnya menginginkan untuk kembali ikut serta, maka Olahragawan tersebut tidak berhak atas pengembalian hak keikutsertaan hingga Olahragawan tersebut telah memberitahukan kepada Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping terkait dan telah dilakukan Pengujian Di Luar Kompetisi selama jangka waktu yang sama dengan jangka waktu Larangan Keikutsertaan yang masih tersisa pada tanggal Olahragawan tersebut mengundurkan diri.
[Keterangan: Mengenai suatu masalah terkait, Code tidak MENETAPKAN suatu peraturan, melainkan menyerahkannya kepada berbagai Organisasi Anti-Doping untuk MENETAPKAN peraturannya sendiri, menguraikan syarat kelayakan keikutsertaan (ilegibility) bagi para Olahragawan yang tidak Dilarang Untuk Ikut dan mundur dari olahraga sementara diikutsertakan dalam grup Di Luar Kompetisi dan kemudian ingin kembali untuk berpartisipasi aktif di dalam olahraga].
PASAL 11 KONSEKUENSI TERHADAP TIM Apabila lebih dari satu orang anggota tim di dalam sebuah Olahraga Tim telah diberitahu mengenai pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang berdasarkan Pasal 7 sehubungan dengan suatu Pertandingan, maka tim tersebut tunduk pada Pengujian Target (Target Testing) untuk Pertandingan itu. Jika lebih dari seorang anggota tim dalam sebuah Olahraga Tim ternyata telah melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping selama Pertandingan tersebut, maka tim tersebut dapat dikenakan Diskualifikasi atau tindakan disipliner lainnya. Di dalam olahraga yang bukan Olahraga Tim tetapi penghargaan diberikan kepada tim, Diskualifikasi atau tindakan disipliner lainnya dijatuhkan kepada tim tersebut apabila salah seorang anggota tim atau lebih telah melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping, sebagaimana ditentukan dalam peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku dari Federasi Internasional.
PASAL 12 SANKSI TERHADAP BADAN KEOLAHRAGAAN Tak satupun ketentuan di dalam Code ini yang melarang Penandatangan atau pemerintah yang menyetujui Code untuk memberlakukan peraturannya sendiri untuk tujuan mengenakan sanksi terhadap badan keolahragaan lain atas nama Penandatangan atau pemerintah yang berwenang.
[Keterangan: Pasal ini memperjelas bahwa Code tidak menghalangi hak-hak disipliner apapun juga antara organisasi-organisasi yang mungkin ada dengan cara lain].
PASAL 13 NAIK BANDING
13.1 Naik Banding Terhadap Keputusan Keputusan yang dibuat berdasarkan Code atau aturan yang diadopsi menurut Code bisa dilakukan naik banding sebagaimana diuraikan di bawah ini dalam Pasal 13.2 sampai 13.4.
Keputusan tersebut akan tetap berlaku sementara dalam proses
naik banding kecuali jika badan peradilan banding memerintahkan lain. Sebelum proses naik banding dimulai, tinjauan ulang pasca keputusan yang ditentukan di dalam peraturan Organisasi Anti-Doping harus dilakukan, dengan ketentuan bahwa tinjauan ulang tersebut menghormati prinsip-prinsip yang diuraikan dalam Pasal 13.2.2 di bawah ini.
[Keterangan: Ketentuan yang mengatur tentang banding dalam OMADC lebih luas dalam hal MENETAPKAN bahwa perselisihan yang timbul dari penerapan OMADC bisa dilakukan banding kepada CAS].
13.2 Upaya Banding dari Keputusan mengenai Pelanggaran Peraturan Anti-Doping, Konsekuensi, dan Skorsing Sementara.
Suatu keputusan bahwa pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping telah dilakukan, suatu keputusan yang mengenakan Konsekuensi- Konsekuensi untuk pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping, suatu keputusan bahwa tidak ada pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang telah dilakukan, suatu keputusan bahwa sebuah Organisasi Anti-Doping tidak memiliki yurisdiksi untuk mengatur pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang dituduhkan atau Konsekuensi-Konsekuensi-nya, dan suatu keputusan untuk mengenakan Skorsing Sementara sebagai hasil dari Dengar Pendapat Sementara atau akibat pelanggaran Pasal 7.5 dapat dilakukan naik banding secara eksklusif sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam Pasal 13.2 ini.
13.2.1 Naik Banding yang Melibatkan Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional Dalam kasus-kasus yang timbul dari kompetisi dalam suatu Pertandingan Internasional atau dalam kasus-kasus yang melibatkan para Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional, keputusan tersebut mungkin dilakukan naik banding secara eksklusif kepada Pengadilan Arbitrasi untuk Olahraga ("CAS") sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku dihadapan pengadilan tersebut.
[Keterangan: Keputusan CAS bersifat final dan mengikat kecuali untuk tinjauan ulang yang dipersyaratkan oleh UNDANG-UNDANG yang berlaku terhadap pembatalan atau pemberlakuan putusan arbitrase.
13.2.2 Naik Banding yang Melibatkan Olahragawan Tingkat Nasional Di dalam kasus-kasus yang melibatkan Olahragawan-Olahragawan tingkat nasional, sebagaimana didefinisikan oleh setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional, yang tidak memiliki hak atas naik banding berdasarkan Pasal
13.2.1, keputusan bisa dilakukan naik banding kepada sebuah badan independen dan tidak memihak sesuai dengan peraturan yang ditetapkan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional.
Peraturan-peraturan untuk naik banding tersebut harus menghormati prinsip-prinsip berikut:
•pemeriksaan secara tepat waktu;
•badan pemeriksa yang adil, tidak memihak dan
independen;
•hak untuk diwakili oleh kuasa hukum atas biaya Orang tersebut sendiri; dan •keputusan yang tepat waktu, tertulis, dan masuk akal;
[Keterangan: Organisasi Anti-Doping bisa memilih untuk memenuhi Pasal ini dengan memberikan hak kepada Olahragawan-Olahragawan Tingkat Nasionalnya untuk mengajukan banding secara langsung kepada CAS].
13.2.3 Orang-Orang yang Berhak Naik Banding Dalam kasus-kasus yang terdapat dalam Pasal
13.2.1, pihak-pihak berikut memiliki hak untuk mengajukan naik banding kepada CAS: (a) Olahragawan atau Orang lain yang merupakan subyek keputusan yang dilakukan naik banding; (b) pihak lain pada kasus dimana keputusan diberikan;
(c) Federasi Internasional terkait dan Organisasi Anti-Doping lainnya yang bisa dikenakan peraturan-peraturan sanksi;
(d) Komite Olimpiade Internasional atau Komite Paralimpik Internasional, mana yang berlaku, dimana keputusan memiliki dampak sehubungan dengan Permainan-Permainan Olimpiade atau Permainan-Permainan Paralimpik, termasuk keputusan- keputusan yang mempengaruhi eligibilitas untuk Permainan-Permainan Olimpiade atau Permainan-Permainan Paralimpik;
dan (e) WADA.
Di dalam kasus-kasus berdasarkan Pasal 13.2.2, para pihak yang memiliki hak untuk mengajukan banding kepada badan tinjauan ulang tingkat nasional adalah sebagaimana ditentukan di dalam aturan Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional tetapi, minimal mencakup:
(a) Olahragawan atau Orang lain yang merupakan subyek keputusan yang diajukan naik banding;
(b) pihak lain pada kasus dimana keputusan diberikan;
(c) Federasi Internasional terkait, dan (d) WADA. Untuk kasus-kasus berdasarkan Pasal 13.2.2, WADA dan Federasi Internasional juga memiliki hak untuk mengajukan banding kepada CAS sehubungan dengan keputusan badan tinjauan ulang tingkat nasional.
Tanpa mempertimbangkan ketentuan-ketentuan lain yang termaktub di dalam Code ini, Orang yang bisa melakukan banding dari Skorsing Sementara hanyalah Olahragawan atau Orang lain yang dikenakan Skorsing Sementara.
13.3 Upaya Banding atas Keputusan Memberi atau Menolak Pengecualian penggunaan Terapeutik Keputusan-keputusan WADA yang membatalkan pemberian atau penolakan pengecualian penggunaan terapeutik dapat diajukan naik banding pada CAS oleh Olahragawan atau Organisasi Anti-Doping yang keputusannya dibatalkan.
Keputusan-keputusan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping selain WADA yang menolak pengecualian penggunaan terapeutik, yang tidak dibatalkan oleh WADA, dapat diajukan naik banding oleh para Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional kepada CAS dan oleh para Olahragawan lainnya
kepada badan pemeriksa tingkat nasional seperti yang diuraikan dalam Pasal 13.2.2. Bila badan pemeriksa tingkat nasional menolak keputusan untuk membatalkan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik, keputusan tersebut mungkin diajukan naik banding kepada CAS oleh WADA.
13.4 Banding dari Keputusan yang Menerapkan Konsekuensi Berdasarkan Bagian Tiga Code Sehubungan dengan konsekuensi-konsekuensi yang diterapkan berdasarkan Bagian Tiga (peranan dan Tanggungjawab) dari Code, badan yang dikenakan konsekuensi-konsekuensi tersebut berdasarkan Bagian tiga Code berhak mengajukan naik banding secara eksklusif kepada CAS sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku dihadapan pengadilan tersebut.
13.5 Banding dari Keputusan yang Menangguhkan atau Mencabut Akreditasi Laboratorium Keputusan oleh WADA untuk menangguhkan atau mencabut akreditasi WADA untuk laboratorium bisa dilakukan naik banding hanya oleh laboratorium tersebut dengan banding secara eksklusif kepada CAS.
[Keterangan: Tujuan dari Code adalah agar masalah-masalah anti- doping diselesaikan melalui proses intern yang adil dan transparan dengan banding final. Keputusan anti-doping oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping dibuat transparan di dalam pasal 14. Orang-Orang dan organisasi-organisasi yang disebutkan, termasuk WADA, kemudian diberi kesempatan untuk mengajukan naik banding atas keputusan- keputusan tersebut. Perlu dicatat bahwa definisi Orang dan organisasi yang berkepentingan yang memiliki hak untuk mengajukan banding berdasarkan Pasal 13 tidak mencakup Olahragawan, atau federasinya, yang mungkin dihubungkan dari didiskualifikasikannya pesaing lain].
PASAL 14 KERAHASIAAN DAN PELAPORAN Para Penandatangan menyetujui prinsip-prinsip koordinasi hasil- hasil anti-doping, transparansi dan akuntabilitas publik dan penghormatan atas kepentingan pribadi individu-individu yang diduga telah melanggar aturan anti-doping sebagaimana ditentukan di bawah ini:
14.1 Informasi Mengenai Temuan-Temuan Analitis Merugikan dan Pelanggaran Peraturan Anti-Doping Potensial Lainnya.
Seorang Olahragawan yang Sampelnya menunjukkan terdapatnya Temuan Analitis Berat, atau seorang Olahragawan atau Orang lain yang telah melanggar aturan anti-doping, harus diberitahu oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping yang memiliki tanggungjawab atas manajemen hasil sebagaimana ditentukan pada Pasal 7 (Manajemen Hasil).
Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional Olahragawan dan Federasi Internasional serta WADA juga harus diberitahu selambat-lambatnya pada saat selesainya proses yang diuraikan pada Pasal 7.1 dan 7.2. Pemberitahuan mencakup: nama Olahragawan, negara, olahraga dan disiplin di
dalam olahraga, apakah tesnya adalah Di dalam Kompetisi atau Di luar Kompetisi, tanggal pengumpulan contoh dan hasil analitis yang dilaporkan oleh laboratorium. Orang-Orang dan Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping yang sama harus diberitahu informasi terbaru secara rutin mengenai status dan temuan tinjauan ulang atau tindakan yang dilakukan menurut Pasal 7 (Manajemen Hasil), 8 (Hak Dengar Pendapat yang Adil) atau 13 (Naik Banding), dan di dalam kasus dimana masa Larangan Keikutsertaan dihapuskan berdasarkan pasal 10.5.1 (tidak ada kesalahan atau kelalaian), atau dikurangi berdasarkan Pasal
10.5.2 (Tidak Ada Kesalahan atau Kelalaian Signifikan), harus diberi keputusan tertulis yang masuk akal yang menjelaskan dasar untuk penghapusan atau pengurangan tersebut. Organisasi penerima tidak boleh mengungkapkan informasi ini kecuali kepada orang-orang yang berada di dalam organisasi yang perlu mengetahuinya sampai Organisasi Anti-Doping yang bertanggungjawab atas manajemen hasil telah mengeluarkan pengumuman atau telah gagal melakukan pengumuman sebagaimana dipersyaratkan pada Pasal 14.2 di bawah ini.
14.2 Pengumuman Identitas Olahragawan yang Sampelnya menunjukkan terdapatnya temuan-temuan analitis merugikan, atau Olahragawan- Olahragawan atau orang-orang lain yang diduga oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping telah melanggar aturan-aturan anti-doping lain, bisa diumumkan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping yang memiliki tanggungjawab atas manajemen hasil paling cepat pada saat selesainya tinjauan ulang administratif yang diuraikan pada Pasal 7.1 dan 7.2. Selambat-lambatnya duapuluh hari setelah ditentukan di dalam sebuah pemeriksaan sesuai dengan Pasal 8 bahwa suatu pelanggaran aturan anti-doping telah terjadi, atau pemeriksaan tersebut telah ditiadakan, atau tuduhan mengenai pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping tidak ditentang secara tepat waktu, Organisasi Anti-Doping yang bertanggungjawab atas manajemen hasil harus melaporkan secara terbuka mengenai disposisi masalah anti-doping tersebut.
14.3 Informasi Keberadaan Olahragawan Olahragawan-Olahragawan yang telah diidentifikasi oleh Federasi Internasional atau Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional untuk dimasukkan dalam Kelompok Pengujian Di Luar Kompetisi wajib memberikan informasi yang akurat, mengenai lokasi terkini.
Federasi-Federasi Internasional dan Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional wajib mengkoordinasikan identifikasi Olahragawan dan pengumpulan informasi lokasi terkini dan menyerahkannya kepada WADA. WADA akan membuat informasi Ini dapat diakses bagi Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping lainnya yang memiliki wewenang untuk menguji Olahragawan tersebut sebagaimana ditentukan pada Pasal 15. Informasi ini harus dijaga kerahasiaannya sepanjang waktu; hanya digunakan secara eksklusif untuk tujuan merencanakan, mengkoordinasikan atau melakukan Pengujian; dan harus dimusnahkan setelah tidak lagi relevan dengan tujuan-tujuan ini.
14.4 Pelaporan Statistik Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping, sekurang-kurangnya setahun sekali, harus mempublikasikan secara terbuka sebuah laporan statistik umum mengenai kegiatan pengawasan Doping mereka dengan salinan dikirimkan kepada WADA.
14.5 Badan Pengumpulan Informasi Pengawasan Doping WADA akan bertindak sebagai pusat badan pengumpulan (clearinghouse) untuk data dan hasil-hasil Pemeriksaan Pengawasan Doping bagi para Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional dan para Olahragawan tingkat nasional yang termasuk dalam Kelompok Pengujian Terdaftar Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional-nya. Untuk memfasilitasi perencanaan distribusi pemeriksaan yang terkoordinasi dan untuk menghindarkan duplikasi yang tidak perlu dalam Pengujian oleh berbagai Organisasi Anti-Doping, setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping dapat melaporkan semua pengujian-pengujian Di dalam Kompetisi dan Di luar Kompetisi terhadap para Olahragawan kepada Badan Pengumpulan WADA segera setelah pengujian-pengujian dilakukan. WADA akan membuat informasi ini dapat diakses oleh Olahragawan, Federasi Nasional Olahragawan, Komite Olimpiade Nasional atau Komite Paralimpik Nasional, Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional, Federasi Internasional, dan Komite Olimpiade Internasional atau Komite Paralimpik Internasional.
Informasi pribadi mengenai Olahragawan harus sangat terjaga kerahasiaannya oleh WADA. WADA akan, paling sedikit setahun sekali, mempublikasikan laporan statistik yang meringkas informasi tersebut.
PASAL 15 KLARIFIKASI TANGGUNGJAWAB PENGAWASAN DOPING [Keterangan: Agar efektif, upaya anti-doping harus melibatkan banyak Organisasi Anti-Doping yang melaksanakan program-program kuat baik di tingkat internasional maupun nasional. Bukannya membatasi tanggungjawab satu kelompok untuk kepentingan kompetensi eksklusif kelompok yang lain, Code mengelola masalah-masalah potensial yang terkait dengan tanggungjawab-tanggungjawab yang saling tindih, pertama dengan menciptakan tingkat keselarasan menyeluruh yang jauh lebih tinggi dan kedua, dengan MENETAPKAN aturan-aturan dasar dan kerjasama di bidang-bidang khusus].
15.1 Pengujian Kompetisi Pengumpulan Sampel untuk Pengawasan Doping terjadi dan harus terjadi baik pada Pertandingan-Pertandingan Internasional maupun Pertandingan-Pertandingan Nasional. Akan tetapi, hanya satu organisasi tunggal yang bertanggungjawab atas prakarsa dan pengaturan Pengujian selama setelah Pertandingan. Pada Pertandingan-Pertandingan Internasional, pengumpulan Sampel pengawasan Doping diprakarsai dan diatur oleh organisasi internasional yang merupakan badan pengurus untuk Pertandingan tersebut (misalnya IOC untuk Pertandingan Olimpiade, Federasi Internasional untuk Kejuaraan Dunia, dan PASO untuk Kompetisi Pan American).
Jika organisasi internasional MEMUTUSKAN untuk tidak melakukan Pengujian pada
Pertandingan tersebut, maka Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional untuk negara dimana Pertandingan tersebut terjadi dapat, dengan bekerjasama dengan dan atas persetujuan Organisasi Internasional atau WADA, memprakarsai dan melakukan Pengujian tersebut.
Pada Pertandingan-Pertandingan Nasional, pengumpulan Sampel pengawasan Doping diprakarsai dan diatur oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional yang ditunjuk dari negara tersebut.
[Keterangan:
Organisasi Anti-Doping "yang memprakarsai dan mengatur pemeriksaan" bisa, jika menginginkannya, membuat perjanjian-perjanjian dengan organisasi-organisasi lain yang kepadanya ia melimpahkan tanggungjawab atas pengumpulan Sampel atau aspek-aspek lain proses pengawasan Doping].
15.2 Pengujian Di Luar Kompetisi Pemeriksaan Di Luar Kompetisi diprakarsai dan diatur dan harus diprakarsai dan diatur oleh organisasi-organisasi internasional maupun nasional. Pemeriksaan Di Luar Kompetisi bisa diprakarsai dan diatur oleh: (a) WADA; (b) IOC atau IPC sehubungan dengan Kejuaraan-Kejuaraan Olimpiade atau Kejuaraan-Kejuaraan Paralimpik; (c) Federasi Internasional Olahragawan; (d) Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional Olahragawan;
atau (e) Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional negara dimana Olahragawan berada. Pengujian Di Luar Kompetisi harus dikoordinasikan melalui WADA agar bisa memaksimalkan efektivitas upaya Pengujian gabungan dan untuk menghindari Pengujian berulang yang tidak perlu terhadap Olahragawan- Olahragawan individual.
[Keterangan: Wewenang tambahan untuk melakukan pengujian bisa diberikan melalui kesepakatan bilateral atau multilateral diantara para Penandatangan dan pemerintah-pemerintah].
15.3 Manajemen Hasil, Dengar Pendapat dan Sanksi Kecuali sebagaimana ditentukan pada Pasal 15.3.1 di bawah ini, pengelolaan hasil dan dengar pendapat merupakan tanggungjawab dan diatur oleh peraturan prosedural Organisasi Anti-Doping yang telah memprakarsai dan mengatur pengumpulan Sampel (atau, jika tidak ada pengumpulan Sampel yang terlibat, organisasi yang menemukan pelanggaran tersebut). Terlepas dari organisasi mana yang melakukan manajemen hasil dan pemeriksaan, prinsip-prinsip yang diuraikan di dalam Pasal 7 dan 8 harus dihormati dan aturan-aturan yang diidentifikasi di dalam pengantar Bagian Satu yang dicakupkan tanpa perubahan substantif harus diikuti.
[Keterangan: Dalam beberapa kasus, aturan prosedural Organisasi Anti-Doping yang memprakarsai dan mengatur pengumpulan Sampel bisa menyatakan bahwa manajemen hasil akan ditangani oleh organisasi lain (misalnya Federasi Nasional Olahragawan). Dalam kejadian tersebut, merupakan tanggungjawab Organisasi Anti-Doping untuk mengkonfirmasikan bahwa peraturan-peraturan organisasi lain sesuai dengan Code.
15.3.1 Manajemen hasil dan pelaksanaan dengar pendapat untuk pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang timbul dari suatu pengujian oleh, atau yang ditemukan oleh, suatu Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional yang melibatkan Olahragawan yang bukan warganegara atau penduduk negara tersebut akan diurus sesuai arahan peraturan-peraturan Federasi Internasional yang berlaku. Manajemen hasil- hasil dan pelaksanaan dengar pendapat dari suatu pengujian oleh Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, atau Organisasi Pertandingan Besar, harus merujuk kepada Federasi Internasional yang berlaku sepanjang sanksi-sanksi di luar Diskualifikasi dari Pertandingan atau hasil dari Pertandingan.
[Keterangan: Tidak ada aturan mutlak yang ditetapkan untuk mengelola hasil dan melakukan pemeriksaan dimana sebuah Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional memeriksa seorang Olahragawan nasional asing yang terhadapnya tidak memiliki yurisdiksi tetapi karena keberadaan Olahragawan di negara Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional tersebut.
Berdasarkan Pasal ini, terserah kepada Federasi Internasional untuk menentukan berdasarkan peraturannya sendiri apakah, misalnya, pengelolaan kasus diserahkan kepada Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional Olahragawan, tetap ada pada Organisasi Anti-Doping yang telah mengumpulkan Sampel, atau diambil alih oleh Federasi Internasional].
15.4. Pengakuan Bersama (Mutual Recognition) Subyek melakukan yang benar untuk mengajukan naik banding sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 13, hasil-hasil Pengujian, Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik dan dengar pendapat atau keputusan-keputusan akhir (final adjudications) lainnya dari Penandatangan yang konsisten dengan Code dan berada di dalam kewenangan Penandatangan tersebut, harus diakui dan dihormati oleh semua Penandatangan lainnya. Para Penandatangan dapat melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang sama terhadap badan-badan lain yang belum menerima Code jika peraturan-peraturan lain dari badan-badan tersebut konsisten dengan Code." PASAL 16PENGAWASAN DOPING UNTUK HEWAN-HEWAN YANG BERLOMBA DALAM OLAHRAGA
16.1 Dalam olahraga apapun yang menyertakan hewan dalam kompetisi, Federasi Internasional untuk olahraga yang menyertakan hewan MENETAPKAN dan melaksanakan peraturan anti-doping untuk hewan yang dimasukkan di dalam olahraga tersebut. Peraturan anti-doping meliputi daftar Zat Terlarang, prosedur-prosedur Pengujian yang sesuai dan daftar laboratorium yang disetujui untuk analisis Sampel.
16.2 Dalam hal menentukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping, manajemen hasil, pemeriksaan yang adil, konsekuensi- konsekuensi, dan banding untuk hewan-hewan yang terlibat di dalam olahraga, Federasi Internasional untuk olahraga
tersebut MENETAPKAN dan melaksanakan peraturan-peraturan yang secara umum sesuai dengan Pasal, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 13 dan 17 Code.
PASAL 17 KETENTUAN PEMBATASAN Tidak ada tindakan yang boleh dilakukan terhadap seorang Olahragawan atau Orang lain atas suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang termaktub di dalam Code kecuali jika tindakan tersebut dilakukan dalam jangka waktu delapan tahun sejak tanggal pelanggaran terjadi.
[Keterangan: Ketentuan ini tidak menghalangi Organisasi Anti- Doping untuk mempertimbangkan pelanggaran anti-doping lebih awal untuk tujuan sanksi untuk suatu pelanggaran selanjutnya yang terjadi lebih dari delapan tahun kemudian. Dengan kata lain, pelanggaran kedua sepuluh tahun sesudah pelanggaran pertama dianggap sebagai pelanggaran kedua untuk tujuan sanksi].
KONVENSI INTERNASIONAL MENENTANG DOPING DALAM OLAHRAGA Paris, 19 Oktober 2005 KONVENSI INTERNASIONAL MENENTANG DOPING DALAM OLAHRAGA Konferensi Umum Organisasi Pendidikan, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), yang selanjutnya disebut "UNESCO", mengadakan rapat di Paris, dari tanggal 3 sampai 21 Oktober 2005, pada sidang yang ke-33, Menimbang bahwa maksud UNESCO adalah untuk berperan serta dalam perdamaian dan keamanan dengan mempromosikan kolaborasi antar negara-negara melalui pendidikan., ilmu pengetahuan dan kebudayaan, Merujuk pada instrumen-instrumen internasional yang ada yang berkaitan dengan hak asasi manusia, Menyadari resolusi 58/5 yang diadopsi oleh Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pada tanggal 3 Nopember 2003, tentang olahraga sebagai sarana untuk mempromosikan pendidikan, kesehatan, pembangunan dan perdamaian, khususnya ayat 7, Menyadari bahwa olahraga seharusnya memainkan peran penting dalam perlindungan kesehatan, moral, budaya dan pendidikan jasmani dan dalam mendukung kesepahaman serta perdamaian internasional, Memperhatikan perlunya untuk meningkatkan dan mengkoordinasikan kerjasama internasional ke arah penghapusan doping dalam olahraga, Memperhatikan penggunaan doping oleh para olahragawan dalam
olahraga dan konsekuensi-konsekuensinya untuk kesehatan mereka, prinsip fair play, penghapusan kecurangan dan masa depan olahraga, Memperhatikan bahwa doping membahayakan prinsip-prinsip etika dan nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terkandung dalam Piagam Internasional Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga UNESCO dan dalam Piagam 0limpiade, Mengingat bahwa Konvensi Anti-Doping dan Protokol Tambahannya telah diadopsi dalam kerangka kerja Dewan Eropa adalah alat-alat hukum internasional publik yang merupakan cikal bakal kebijakan- kebijakan anti-doping nasional dan kerjasama antar pemerintah, Mengingat rekomendasi-rekomendasi mengenai doping telah diadopsi oleh Konferensi Internasional kedua, ketiga dan keempat Tingkat Menteri dan Pejabat Senior yang bertanggungjawab pada Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga yang diselenggarakan oleh UNESCO di Moscow
(1988), Punta del Este (1999) dan Athena (2004) dan Resolusi 32 C/9 yang diadopsi pada Konferensi Umum UNESCO pada sesinya ke-32 (tahun 2003), Memperhatikan Code Anti-Doping Dunia (World Anti Doping Code) yang diadopsi oleh Badan Anti-Doping Dunia pada Konferensi Dunia mengenai Doping dalam Olahraga, di Copenhagen, 5 Maret 2003, dan Deklarasi Copenhagen mengenai Anti-Doping dalam Olahraga, Mengingat juga pengaruh para olahragawan elit terhadap pemuda, Menyadari perlunya terus-menerus melakukan dan mempromosikan penelitian dengan tujuan-tujuan untuk memperbaiki pendeteksian doping dan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaannya agar strategi-strategi pencegahan menjadi sangat efektif, Menyadari juga pentingnya pendidikan terus-menerus bagi para olahragawan, tenaga keolahragaan dan masyarakat luas dalam mencegah doping, Mengingat perlunya membangun kapasitas Para Negara Pihak untuk melaksanakan program-program anti-doping, Menyadari bahwa para otoritas publik dan organisasi-organisasi yang bertanggungjawab atas olahraga memiliki tanggungjawab tambahan untuk mencegah dan memberantas doping dalam olahraga, terutama untuk memastikan pelaksanaan secara tepat, berdasarkan prinsip fair play, dari pertandingan-pertandingan olahraga dan untuk melindungi kesehatan olahragawan yang ikut ambil bagian di dalamnya, Mengakui bahwa otoritas-otoritas dan organisasi-organisasi harus bekerja bersama-sama untuk maksud-maksud ini, dengan memastikan derajat tertinggi kemandirian dan transparansi di semua tingkatan yang sesuai, Bertekad untuk mengambil tindakan lebih lanjut dan kerjasama yang
lebih kuat yang dimaksudkan untuk menghapuskan doping dalam olahraga, Mengakui bahwa penghapusan doping dalam olahraga bergantung antara lain pada harmonisasi progresif dari standar-standar dan praktik-praktik anti doping praktik dalam olahraga dan kerjasama di tingkat nasional dan global, Mengadopsi Konvensi ini pada tanggal sembilan belas Oktober 2005.
I. Ruang Lingkup Pasal 1 - Maksud Konvensi Maksud Konvensi ini, dalam kerangka kerja strategi dan program kegiatan-kegiatan UNESCO dalam area pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga, adalah untuk mempromosikan pencegahan dan memberantas doping dalam olahraga, dengan maksud untuk menghapuskannya.
Pasal 2 - Definisi Definisi-definisi ini hendaknya dipahami dalam konteks Code Anti-Doping Dunia. Namun demikian, dalam hal terjadi pertentangan ketentuan-ketentuan Konvensi akan berlaku.
Untuk maksud-maksud Konvensi ini:
1."Laboratorium pengawasan doping yang terakreditasi" adalah laboratorium-laboratorium yang diakreditasi oleh Badan Anti-Doping Dunia.
2."Organisasi anti-doping" adalah suatu badan yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengadopsi peraturan-peraturan untuk memprakarsai, melaksanakan atau menegakkan setiap bagian dari proses pengawasan doping. Ini termasuk, misalnya, Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, organisasi-organisasi pertandingan besar lainnya yang melakukan pengujian pada pertandingan-pertandingannya, Badan Anti-Doping Dunia, federasi-federasi internasional dan organisasi-organisasi anti-doping nasional.
3."Pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping" dalam olahraga adalah satu atau lebih dari hal-hal berikut:
(a)adanya zat terlarang atau metabolites atau markers-nya dalam spesimen tubuh olahragawan;
(b)penggunaan atau upaya penggunaan zat atau metode terlarang;
(c)menolak, atau gagal tanpa pembenaran yang kuat, untuk menyerahkan kepada pengumpul sampel setelah pemberitahuan sebagai pihak yang berwenang dalam peraturan anti-doping yang berlaku atau dengan cara lain menghindari pengumpulan sampel;
(d)melanggar persyaratan yang berlaku mengenai kesediaan olahragawan untuk melakukan pengujian di luar kompetisi, termasuk kegagalan memberikan informasi keberadaan yang diperlukan dan mengabaikan pengujian yang dinyatakan berdasarkan peraturan yang wajar;
(e)mengacaukan, atau berusaha mengacaukan, bagian manapun
dari pengawasan doping;
(f)kepemilikan zat-zat atau metode-metode terlarang;
(g)memperjualbelikan zat terlarang atau metode terlarang;
(h)pemberian atau upaya pemberian zat terlarang atau metode terlarang kepada olahragawan, atau membantu, mendorong, memberi bantuan, menghasut, menutup-nutupi atau segala macam keterlibatan lain yang termasuk pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping atau upaya pelanggaran apapun.
4."Olahragawan" adalah, untuk tujuan pengawasan anti-doping, orang yang berpartisipasi dalam olahraga di tingkat internasional atau nasional sebagaimana didefinisikan oleh setiap organisasi anti-doping nasional dan diterima oleh Para Negara Pihak dan orang lain yang berpartisipasi dalam olahraga atau pertandingan di tingkat yang lebih rendah yang diterima oleh Para Negara Pihak.
Untuk tujuan-tujuan program-program pendidikan dan pelatihan, "olahragawan" adalah orang yang berpartisipasi dalam olahraga berdasarkan kewenangan dari suatu organisasi olahraga.
5."Tenaga Keolahragaan" adalah coach, pelatih, manajer, agen, staf tim, ofisial, petugas medis atau paramedis yang bekerja dengan atau yang merawat olahragawan yang ikut serta dalam atau mempersiapkan untuk kompetisi olahraga.
6."Code" adalah Code Anti-Doping Dunia yang telah diadopsi oleh Badan Anti-Doping Dunia pada tanggal 5 Maret 2003 di Copenhagen yang terlampir sebagai Apendiks Konvensi ini.
7."Kompetisi" adalah balapan tunggal, pertandingan, permainan atau kontes tunggal atletik.
8."Pengawasan doping" adalah proses yang meliputi perencanaan distribusi pengujian, pengumpulan dan penanganan sampel, analisis laboratorium, manajemen hasil, dengar pendapat dan naik banding.
9."Doping dalam olahraga" adalah terjadinya suatu pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping.
10."Tim pengawas doping yang berwenang penuh" adalah tim-tim pengawas anti-doping yang bekerja atas wewenang organisasi- organisasi anti-doping internasional atau nasional.
11.Pengujian "Dalam Kompetisi" adalah, untuk tujuan membedakan antara pengujian dalam kompetisi dengan luar kompetisi, kecuali ditentukan lain dalam peraturan federasi internasional atau organisasi anti-doping terkait lainnya, suatu pengujian dimana seorang olahragawan dipilih untuk menjalani pengujian sehubungan dengan suatu kompetisi spesifik.
12."Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium-Laboratorium" adalah standar yang dilampirkan pada Apendiks 2 Konvensi ini.
13."Standar Internasional untuk Pengujian" adalah standar yang terlampir sebagai Apendiks 3 Konvensi ini.
14."Tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya" adalah suatu pengawasan doping yang dilakukan tanpa peringatan terlebih dahulu kepada olahragawan dan dimana olahragawan didampingi secara terus-menerus mulai dari peristiwa pemberitahuan sampai dengan ketentuan sampel.
15."Gerakan Olimpiade" adalah semua pihak yang sepakat diatur oleh Piagam Olimpiade dan yang mengakui kewenangan Komite Olimpade
Internasional, yakni federasi-federasi olahraga internasional untuk program Pertandingan Olimpiade, Komite Olimpade Nasional, Komite Penyelenggara Pertandingan Olimpiade, para olahragawan, para hakim dan wasit, asosiasi-asosiasi dan klub-klub, serta semua organisasi-organisasi dan lembaga-lembaga yang diakui oleh Komite Olimpade Internasional.
16.Pengawasan doping "Di luar kompetisi" adalah pengawasan doping yang tidak dilakukan dalam kompetisi.
17."Daftar Terlarang" adalah daftar yang tercantum dalam Annex I pada Konvensi ini yang mengidentifikasi zat-zat terlarang dan metode-metode terlarang.
18."Metode terlarang" adalah tiap metode yang digambarkan pada Daftar Terlarang, yang tercantum dalam Annex I Konvensi ini.
19."Zat terlarang" adalah tiap zat yang digambarkan pada Daftar Terlarang, yang tercantum pada Annex I Konvensi ini.
20."Organisasi olahraga" adalah tiap organisasi yang bertindak sebagai badan pengatur untuk suatu pertandingan bagi satu atau beberapa olahraga.
21."Standar Pemberian Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik" adalah standar-standar yang tercantum pada Annex II Konvensi ini.
22."Pengujian" adalah bagian-bagian dari proses pengawasan doping yang meliputi perencanaan distribusi pengujian, pengumpulan sampel (contoh), penanganan sampel dan pengangkutan sampel ke laboratorium.
23."Pengecualian penggunaan terapeutik" adalah pengecualian yang diberikan sesuai dengan Standar-Standar Pemberian Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik.
24."Penggunaan" adalah aplikasi, pencernaan, injeksi atau konsumsi dengan cara apapun dari tiap zat terlarang atau metode terlarang.
25."Badan Anti Doping Dunia" (WADA) adalah institusi yang didirikan berdasarkan UNDANG-UNDANG Swiss pada tanggal 10 November 1999.
Pasal 3 - Tata cara untuk mencapai maksud Konvensi Untuk mencapai maksud Konvensi, Para Negara Pihak bersedia untuk:
(a)mengadopsi tindakan-tindakan yang tepat di tingkat nasional dan internasional yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Code;
(b)mendorong segala bentuk kerjasama internasional yang dimaksudkan untuk melindungi para olahragawan dan etika dalam olahraga dan berbagi hasil penelitian;
(c)membina kerjasama internasional antara Para negara Pihak dan organisasi-organisasi terkemuka dalam memberantas doping dalam olahraga, khususnya dengan Badan Anti-Doping Dunia.
Pasal 4 - Hubungan Konvensi dengan Code
1.Untuk mengkoordinasikan pelaksanaan pemberantasan doping dalam olahraga di tingkat nasional dan internasional, Para Negara Pihak menyatakan komitmennya terhadap prinsip-prinsip Code sebagai dasar bagi tindakan-tindakan yang diatur di dalam Pasal 5 Konvensi ini. Tak satupun ketentuan di dalam Konvensi
ini yang menghalangi Para negara Pihak mengadopsi tindakan- tindakan tambahan yang sifatnya sebagai pelengkap Code.
2.Code dan versi terbaru Apendiks 2 dan Apendiks 3 diperbanyak untuk tujuan informasi dan bukan merupakan bagian integral dari Konvensi ini.
Apendiks-apendiks tersebut tidak menciptakan kewajiban yang mengikat berdasarkan hukum internasional bagi Para Negara Pihak.
3.Annexes merupakan bagian integral dari Konvensi ini.
Pasal 5 - Tindakan untuk mencapai tujuan Konvensi Dalam mematuhi kewajiban-kewajiban yang termaktub di dalam Konvensi ini, masing-masing Negara Pihak bersedia mengadopsi tindakan-tindakan yang sesuai. Tindakan-tindakan tersebut dapat meliputi perundang-undangan, peraturan, kebijakan-kebijakan atau praktik-praktik administratif.
Pasal 6 -Hubungan dengan perjanjian internasional lainnya Konvensi ini tidak akan mengubah hak-hak dan kewajiban-kewajiban Para Negara Pihak yang timbul dari perjanjian-perjanjian lain yang sebelumnya telah dibuat dan sesuai dengan tujuan dan maksud dari Konvensi ini. Konvensi ini tidak mempengaruhi pemanfaatan hak-hak Para Negara Pihak lain atau pelaksanaan kewajiban-kewajibannya lain berdasarkan Konvensi ini.
II. Kegiatan Anti-doping Di Tingkat Nasional Pasal 7 - Koordinasi dalam negeri Para Negara Pihak wajib menjamin penerapan Konvensi ini, terutama melalui koordinasi dalam negeri.
Untuk memenuhi kewajiban-kewajibannya berdasarkan Konvensi ini, Para negara Pihak bisa bergantung pada organisasi-organisasi anti-doping dan juga instansi serta organisasi-organisasi olahraga.
Pasal 8 - Pembatasan ketersediaan dan penggunaan zat dan metode terlarang dalam olahraga
1.Para Negara Pihak wajib, apabila memungkinkan, menerima tindakan-tindakan untuk membatasi ketersediaan zat-zat dan metode-metode terlarang dengan maksud untuk membatasi penggunaannya di dalam olahraga oleh para olahragawan, kecuali penggunaan dimaksud didasarkan pada pengecualian penggunaan terapeutik.
Tindakan ini meliputi tindakan menentang perdagangan kepada para olahragawan dan, pada akhirnya, tindakan-tindakan untuk mengendalikan produksi, lalu lintas, pengimporan, distribusi dan penjualan.
2.Para Negara Pihak wajib menerima, atau mendorong, apabila memungkinkan, badan-badan terkait yang berada di dalam yurisdiksinya untuk menerima tindakan-tindakan pencegahan dan untuk membatasi penggunaan dan kepemilikan zat dan metode terlarang oleh para olahragawan dalam olahraga, kecuali penggunaan tersebut didasarkan pada pengecualian penggunaan
terapeutik.
3.Tidak ada tindakan-tindakan yang diambil berdasarkan Konvensi ini akan menghambat ketersediaan zat-zat dan metode-metode untuk maksud-maksud yang sah kalau tidak dilarang atau diawasi dalam olahraga.
Pasal 9 -Tindakan terhadap tenaga keolahragaan Para Negara Pihak wajib mengambil tindakan-tindakan atau mendorong organisasi-organisasi olahraga dan organisasi-organisasi anti-doping untuk menerima tindakan-tindakan, termasuk sanksi-sanksi atau hukuman-hukuman, yang ditujukan pada tenaga keolahragaan yang melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping atau pelanggaran lainnya yang berkaitan dengan doping dalam olahraga.
Pasal 10 - Suplemen nutrisi Para Negara Pihak, apabila memungkinkan, wajib mendorong para produsen dan distributor suplemen-suplemen nutrisi untuk menyelenggarakan praktik terbaik dalam pemasaran dan distribusi suplemen nutrisi, termasuk informasi mengenai komposisi analitiknya dan jaminan mutu.
Pasal 11 - Tindakan finansial Para Negara Pihak wajib apabila memungkinkan:
(a)menyediakan pendanaan sesuai dengan anggaran mereka masing-masing untuk mendukung program pengujian nasional di seluruh olahraga atau membantu organisasi-organisasi olahraga dan organisasi-organisasi anti-doping dalam membiayai pengawasan doping baik melalui subsidi-subsidi langsung atau hibah-hibah, atau dengan mengesahkan biaya pengawasan-pengawasan tersebut ketika menentukan subsidi- subsidi atau hibah-hibah secara menyeluruh yang akan diberikan kepada organisasi-organisasi tersebut;
(b)mengambil langkah-langkah untuk menahan dukungan finansial terkait olahraga kepada para olahragawan perorangan masing atau tenaga keolahragaan yang telah diskors setelah terjadinya pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping, selama masa skorsingnya;
(c)menahan sebagian atau semua dukungan finansial atau dukungan terkait olahraga lainnya dari organisasi olahraga atau organisasi anti-doping yang tidak sesuai dengan Code atau peraturan-peraturan anti-doping yang berlaku yang telah diterima sesuai dengan Code.
Pasal 12 - Tindakan untuk memfasilitasi pengawasan doping Para Negara Pihak wajib, apabila memungkinkan:
(a)mendorong dan memfasilitasi pelaksanaan oleh organisasi- organisasi olahraga dan organisasi-organisasi anti-doping yang berada di dalam yurisdiksi pengawasan doping Negara Pihak dengan cara yang sesuai dengan Code, termasuk pengujian tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya, di luar kompetisi dan di
dalam kompetisi;
(b)mendorong dan memfasilitasi negosiasi oleh organisasi- organisasi olahraga dan organisasi-organisasi anti-doping atas perjanjian-perjanjian yang mengijinkan para anggota mereka untuk diuji oleh tim pengawas doping yang berwenang penuh dari negara lain;
(c)melakukan bantuan kepada organisasi-organisasi olahraga dan organisasi-organisasi anti-doping yang berada di dalam yurisdiksinya dalam mendapatkan akses ke laboratorium pengawasan doping terakreditasi untuk tujuan analisis pengawasan doping.
III. Kerjasama Internasional Pasal 13 - Kerjasama di antara organisasi anti-doping dan organisasi olahraga Para Negara Pihak wajib mendorong kerjasama di antara organisasi- organisasi anti-doping, otoritas-otoritas publik dan organisasi- organisasi olahraga yang berada di dalam yurisdiksinya dan mereka yang berada di dalam yurisdiksi Para Negara Pihak lain untuk mencapai maksud dari Konvensi ini di tingkat internasional.
Pasal 14 - Dukungan terhadap misi Badan Anti-Doping Dunia Para negara Pihak melakukan dukungan untuk misi penting Badan Anti-Doping Dunia dalam pemberantasan doping internasional.
Pasal 15 - Kesetaraan pendanaan Badan Anti-Doping Dunia Para Negara Pihak mendukung prinsip kesetaraan pendanaan anggaran pokok tahunan yang telah disetujui Badan Anti-Doping Dunia oleh otoritas-otoritas publik dan Gerakan Olimpiade.
Pasal 16 - Kerjasama internasional dalam pengawasan doping Pengakuan bahwa pemberantasan doping dalam olahraga hanya dapat efektif apabila para olahragawan dapat diuji tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya dan sampel dapat diangkut secara tepat waktu ke laboratorium untuk dianalisis, Para Negara Pihak wajib, apabila memungkinkan dan sesuai dengan hukum nasional dan prosedur- prosedur:
(a)memfasilitasi tugas Badan Anti-Doping Dunia dan organisasi- organisasi anti-doping yang beroperasi sesuai dengan Code, tunduk pada peraturan negara tuan rumah terkait, untuk melakukan pengawasan doping dalam kompetisi atau di luar kompetisi terhadap para olahragawannya, baik di dalam wilayahnya atau di tempat lain;
(b)memfasilitasi pergerakan tim pengawasan doping yang berwenang penuh secara tepat waktu ketika melakukan kegiatan pengawasan doping lintas batas;
(c)bekerjasama untuk mempercepat pengiriman atau pengangkutan sampel lintas batas secara tepat waktu dengan cara sedemikian rupa untuk menjaga keamanan dan integritasnya;
(d)membantu dalam koordinasi internasional pengawasan doping oleh
berbagai organisasi anti-doping, dan untuk mencapai tujuan ini bekerjasama dengan Badan Anti-Doping Dunia;
(e)mempromosikan kerjasama di antara laboratorium-laboratorium pengawasan doping di dalam yurisdiksinya dan laboratorium- laboratorium pengawasan doping di dalam yurisdiksi Para Negara Pihak lain. Khususnya, Para Negara Pihak yang memiliki laboratorium pengawasan doping yang terakreditasi harus mendorong laboratorium-laboratorium yang berada di bawah yurisdiksinya untuk membantu Para Negara Pihak lain dalam memberdayakan mereka untuk memperoleh pengalaman, keahlian-keahlian dan teknik-teknik yang diperlukan untuk mendirikan laboratorium-laboratorium mereka sendiri apabila mereka menginginkannya;
(f)mendorong dan mendukung pengaturan pengujian timbal balik di antara organisasi-organisasi anti-doping yang ditunjuk, sesuai dengan Code;
(g)saling mengakui prosedur pengawasan doping dan manajemen hasil pengujian, termasuk sanksi-sanksi olahraganya, dari setiap organisasi anti-doping yang sesuai dengan Code.
Pasal 17 - Dana Sukarela
1."Dana untuk Penghapusan Doping dalam Olahraga" dengan ini dibentuk yang selanjutnya disebut "Dana Sukarela". Dana Sukarela tersebut wajib terdiri dari dana yang dipercayakan yang dihimpun sesuai dengan Peraturan Keuangan UNESCO. Semua kontribusi oleh Para Negara Pihak dan pelaku-pelaku lain harus bersifat sukarela.
2.Sumber-sumber dana sukarela terdiri dari:
(a)kontribusi-kontribusi yang diberikan oleh Para Negara Pihak;
(b)kontribusi-kontribusi, pemberian-pemberian atau warisan-warisan yang mungkin diberikan oleh:
(i)Negara-negara lain;
(ii)organisasi-organisasi dan program-program dari sistem Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, terutama Program Pembangunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, serta organisasi-organisasi internasional lainnya;
(iii)badan-badan publik atau swasta atau perorangan;
(c)setiap bunga yang diterima atas sumber-sumber Dana Sukarela;
(d)dana yang digalang melalui pengumpulan-pengumpulan, dan penerimaan-penerimaan dari kegiatan-kegiatan yang diselenggarakan demi keuntungan Dana Sukarela;
(e)setiap sumber lain yang disahkan oleh peraturan-peraturan Dana Sukarela, akan disusun oleh Konferensi Para Pihak.
3.Kontribusi-kontribusi ke dalam Dana Sukarela oleh Para Negara Pihak akan tidak dianggap sebagai pengganti komitmen Para Negara Pihak untuk membayar bagiannya atas anggaran tahunan Badan Anti-Doping Dunia.
Pasal 18 - Penggunaan dan pengaturan Dana Sukarela Sumber-sumber dalam Dana Sukarela wajib dialokasikan oleh
Konferensi Para Pihak untuk pembiayaan kegiatan-kegiatan yang telah disetujui olehnya, terutama untuk membantu Para Negara Pihak dalam mengembangkan dan melaksanakan program-program anti-doping, sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan Konvensi ini, dengan mempertimbangkan tujuan akhir dari Badan Anti-Doping Dunia, dan dapat digunakan untuk menutupi biaya fungsional Konvensi ini.
Kondisi-kondisi politik, ekonomi atau kondisi-kondisi lain tidak boleh dilekatkan pada sumbangan yang diberikan kepada Dana Sukarela.
IV. Pendidikan dan pelatihan Pasal 19 - Prinsip umum pendidikan dan pelatihan
1.Para Negara Pihak wajib bersedia, dengan cara mereka masing- masing, untuk mendukung, menyusun atau melaksanakan program- program pendidikan dan pelatihan tentang anti-doping. Untuk masyarakat olahraga umumnya, program-program ini hendaknya dimaksudkan untuk memberikan informasi yang mutakhir dan akurat tentang:
(a)bahaya doping terhadap nilai-nilai etika olahraga;
(b)dampak doping bagi kesehatan.
2.Bagi para olahragawan dan para tenaga keolahragaan, khususnya dalam pelatihan awalnya, program pendidikan dan pelatihan selain dimaksudkan seperti tersebut di atas, hendaknya juga dimaksudkan untuk memberikan informasi yang mutakhir dan akurat tentang:
(a)prosedur pengawasan doping;
(b)hak-hak dan tanggungjawab olahragawan sehubungan dengan anti-doping, termasuk informasi tentang Code dan kebijakan-kebijakan anti-doping organisasi olahraga dan organisasi anti-doping terkait.
Informasi tersebut wajib meliputi konsekuensi-konsekuensi dari melakukan pelanggaran aturan anti-doping;
(c)daftar zat dan metode terlarang dan pengecualian penggunaan terapeutik;
(d)suplemen nutrisi.
Pasal 20 - Tata aturan profesional Para Negara Pihak wajib mendorong asosiasi-asosiasi dan lembaga- lembaga profesional terkait yang berkompeten untuk mengembangkan dan melaksanakan tata aturan yang tepat, praktik yang baik dan etika yang terkait dengan anti-doping dalam olahraga yang sesuai dengan Code.
Pasal 21 - Keterlibatan olahragawan dan tenaga keolahragaan Para Negara Pihak wajib mempromosikan dan, dengan cara mereka masing-masing, mendukung partisipasi aktif oleh para olahragawan dan tenaga keolahragaan dalam segala aspek pekerjaan anti-doping olahraga dan organisasi-organisasi terkait lainnya serta mendorong organisasi-organisasi olahraga yang berada di dalam yurisdiksinya untuk melakukan hal serupa.
Pasal 22 - Organisasi olahraga dan pendidikan dan pelatihan terus menerus tentang anti-doping Para Negara Pihak wajib mendorong organisasi olahraga dan organisasi anti-doping untuk melaksanakan program pendidikan dan pelatihan yang terus menerus bagi semua olahragawan dan tenaga keolahragaan tentang subyek-subyek yang disebutkan pada Pasal 19.
Pasal 23 - Kerjasama dalam pendidikan dan pelatihan Para Negara Pihak wajib bekerja sama secara timbal balik dan dengan organisasi-organisasi terkait apabila memungkinkan untuk berbagi informasi, keahlian dan pengalaman tentang program-program anti-doping yang efektif.
V. Penelitian Pasal 24 - Pemajuan penelitian anti-doping Para Negara Pihak melakukan, dengan cara mereka masing-masing, untuk mendorong dan memajukan penelitian anti-doping bekerjasama dengan organisasi olahraga dan organisasi-organisasi lain yang terkait tentang:
(a)pencegahan, metode pendeteksian, aspek perilaku dan sosial, dan dampak doping bagi kesehatan;
(b)cara-cara dan sarana-sarana menyusun program-program pelatihan fisiologis dan psikologis berbasis ilmiah yang menghormati integritas perorangan;
(c)penggunaan semua zat-zat dan metode-metode baru yang dihasilkan dari perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan.
Pasal 25 - Sifat penelitian anti-doping Ketika mempromosikan penelitian anti-doping, sebagaimana diuraikan dalam Pasal 24, Para Negara Pihak wajib memastikan bahwa penelitian tersebut akan:
(a)menyesuaikan dengan praktik-praktik etika yang diakui secara internasional;
(b)menghindari pemberian zat-zat dan metode-metode terlarang kepada para olahragawan;
(c)dilakukan hanya dengan adanya tindakan pengamanan yang memadai untuk mencegah hasil penelitian anti-doping disalahgunakan dan diterapkan untuk doping.
Pasal 26 - Berbagi hasil penelitian anti-doping Tunduk pada kepatuhan dengan hukum nasional dan internasional yang berlaku, Para Negara Pihak wajib, apabila memungkinkan, berbagi hasil penelitian anti-doping yang ada dengan Para Negara Pihak yang lain dan Badan Anti-Doping Dunia.
Pasal 27 - Penelitian ilmu keolahragaan Para Negara Pihak wajib mendorong:
(a)para anggota masyarakat ilmiah dan medis untuk melaksanakan
penelitian ilmu keolahragaan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Code;
(b)organisasi-organisasi olahraga serta tenaga keolahragaan yang berada di dalam yurisdiksinya untuk melaksanakan penelitian ilmu keolahragaan yang konsisten dengan prinsip-prinsip Code.
VI. Pemantauan Konvensi Pasal 28 - Konferensi Para Pihak
1.Konferensi Para Pihak dengan ini dibentuk. Konferensi Para Pihak merupakan badan tertinggi Konvensi ini.
2.Konferensi Para Pihak wajib mengadakan pertemuan rutin dalam sidang biasa pada prinsipnya setiap dua tahun sekali.
Konferensi Para Pihak dapat menyelenggarakan sidang luar biasa jika diperlukan atau atas permintaan paling sedikit sepertiga dari jumlah Negara Pihak.
3.Setiap Negara Pihak wajib mempunyai satu hak suara pada Konferensi Para Pihak.
4.Konferensi Para Pihak wajib mengadopsi Tata Tertibnya sendiri.
Pasal 29 - Organisasi penasehat dan pengamat Konferensi Para Pihak Badan Anti-Doping Dunia wajib diundang sebagai organisasi penasehat pada Konferensi Para Pihak.
Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, Dewan Eropa dan Komite Antar Pemerintah untuk Olahraga dan Pendidikan Jasmani (CIGEPS) wajib diundang sebagai pengamat. Konferensi Para Negara Pihak dapat MEMUTUSKAN untuk mengundang organisasi-organisasi terkait lainnya sebagai pengamat.
Pasal 30 - Fungsi Konferensi Para Pihak
1.Di samping yang diatur dalam ketentuan-ketentuan lain dari Konvensi ini, fungsi-fungsi Konferensi Para Pihak wajib untuk:
(a)memajukan maksud dari Konvensi ini;
(b)membahas hubungan dengan Badan Anti-Doping Dunia dan mengkaji mekanisme pendanaan anggaran pokok tahunan Badan tersebut.
Negara-Negara bukan Pihak dapat diundang untuk pembahasan tersebut;
(c)mengadopsi rencana untuk penggunaan sumberdaya Dana Sukarela, sesuai dengan Pasal 18;
(d)memeriksa laporan-laporan yang diserahkan oleh Para Negara Pihak sesuai dengan Pasal 31;
(e)memeriksa, secara terus menerus, pemantauan kepatuhan terhadap Konvensi ini dalam menanggapi perkembangan sistem anti-doping, sesuai dengan Pasal 31. Setiap mekanisme atau tindakan pemantauan yang melampaui ruang lingkup Pasal 31 wajib didanai melalui Dana Sukarela yang dihimpun berdasarkan Pasal 17;
(f)memeriksa rancangan perubahan-perubahan Konvensi ini untuk diadopsi;
(g)memeriksa untuk disetujui, sesuai dengan Pasal 34
Konvensi, perubahan terhadap Daftar Terlarang dan terhadap Standar-Standar untuk Pemberian Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik yang telah diadopsi oleh Badan Anti-Doping Dunia;
(h)mendefinisikan dan melaksanakan kerjasama diantara Para Negara Pihak dan Badan Anti-Doping Dunia di dalam kerangka kerja Konvensi ini;
(i)meminta laporan dari Badan Anti-Doping Dunia tentang pelaksanaan Code pada setiap sidangnya untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan.
2.Konferensi Para Pihak, dalam pemenuhan fungsi-fungsinya, dapat bekerjasama dengan badan-badan antar pemerintah lainnya.
Pasal 31 - Laporan nasional kepada Konferensi Para Pihak Para Negara Pihak wajib menyerahkan setiap dua tahun sekali kepada Konferensi Para Pihak melalui Sekretariat, dalam salah satu bahasa resmi UNESCO, semua informasi terkait mengenai tindakan-tindakan yang telah dilakukan oleh mereka untuk tujuan memenuhi ketentuan-ketentuan Konvensi ini.
Pasal 32 - Sekretariat Konferensi Para Pihak
1.Sekretariat Konferensi Para Pihak wajib disediakan oleh Direktur Jenderal UNESCO.
2.Atas permintaan Konferensi Para Pihak, Direktur Jenderal UNESCO wajib menggunakan seluas mungkin layanan-layanan Badan Anti-Doping Dunia berdasarkan syarat-syarat yang telah disepakati oleh Konferensi Para Pihak.
3.Biaya fungsional yang terkait dengan Konvensi akan didanai dari anggaran rutin UNESCO dalam sumberdaya yang ada pada tingkat yang sesuai, Dana Sukarela yang dihimpun berdasarkan Pasal 17 atau gabungannya yang sesuai sebagaimana yang ditentukan setiap dua tahun sekali. Pembiayaan untuk sekretariat dari anggaran rutin wajib dilakukan seminimal mungkin, yang mana dipahami bahwa pendanaan sukarela wajib juga disediakan untuk mendukung Konvensi.
4.Sekretariat wajib menyiapkan dokumentasi Konferensi Para Pihak, dan juga rancangan agenda rapat-rapatnya, serta wajib memastikan pelaksanaan keputusan-keputusannya.
Pasal 33 - Perubahan
1.Setiap Negara Pihak dapat, dengan komunikasi tertulis yang dialamatkan kepada Direktur Jenderal UNESCO, mengusulkan perubahan-perubahan terhadap Konvensi ini. Direktur Jenderal wajib mensirkulasikan komunikasi tersebut kepada semua Negara Pihak. Jika dalam waktu enam bulan sejak tanggal sirkulasi komunikasi tersebut, paling sedikit setengah dari jumlah Para Negara Pihak memberikan persetujuannya, maka Direktur Jenderal wajib menyampaikan proposal-proposal tersebut pada sidang Konferensi Para Pihak berikutnya.
2.Perubahan-perubahan wajib diadopsi o!eh Konferensi Para Pihak dengan suara mayoritas dua pertiga dari jumlah Para Negara
Pihak yang hadir dan memberikan suara.
3.Setelah diadopsi, perubahan-perubahan terhadap Konvensi ini wajib disampaikan kepada Para Negara Pihak untuk disahkan, diterima, disetujui atau diaksesi.
4.Sehubungan dengan Para Negara Pihak yang telah meratifikasi, menerima, menyetujui atau mengaksesi, perubahan terhadap Konvensi ini mulai berlaku tiga bulan setelah penyimpanan instrumen-instrumen tersebut sesuai dengan ayat 3 Pasal ini oleh dua pertiga dari jumlah Negara Pihak. Setelah itu, untuk setiap Negara Pihak yang meratifikasi, menerima, menyetujui atau mengaksesi suatu perubahan, perubahan yang dimaksud mulai berlaku tiga bulan setelah tanggal penyimpanan oleh Negara Pihak bersangkutan terhadap instrumen ratifikasi, penerimaan, persetujuan atau aksesinya.
5.Suatu negara yang menjadi Pihak pada Konvensi ini setelah berlakunya perubahan-perubahan yang sesuai dengan ayat 4 Pasal ini wajib, apabila tidak ada penegasan lain yang maksudnya berbeda, dipertimbangkan:
(a)sebagai Pihak pada Konvensi ini sebagaimana telah diubah;
(b)sebagai Pihak pada Konvensi yang belum diubah sehubungan dengan Negara Pihak yang tidak terikat oleh perubahan-perubahan tersebut.
Pasal 34 - Prosedur perubahan spesifik untuk Lampiran Konvensi
1.Jika Badan Anti-Doping Dunia memodifikasi Daftar Terlarang atau Standar-Standar untuk Pemberian Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik, modifikasi tersebut dapat, dengan komunikasi tertulis disampaikan kepada Direktur Jenderal UNESCO, memberitahukan mengenai perubahan-perubahan tersebut.
Direktur Jenderal wajib memberitahukan perubahan-perubahan tersebut sebagaimana perubahan yang diusulkan atas Annexes yang relevan pada Konvensi ini kepada semua Negara Pihak dengan segera. Perubahan atas Annexes wajib disetujui oleh Konferensi Para Pihak baik pada salah satu sidangnya atau melalui konsultasi tertulis.
2.Para Negara Pihak mempunyai waktu 45 hari sejak pemberitahuan dari Direktur Jenderal tersebut untuk menyatakan keberatan-keberatannya terhadap perubahan yang diusulkan baik secara tertulis, dalam hal konsultasi tertulis, kepada Direktur Jenderal atau pada suatu sidang Konferensi Para Pihak. Kecuali dua pertiga dari Para Negara Pihak menyatakan keberatannya, perubahan yang diusulkan wajib dianggap disetujui oleh Konferensi Para Pihak.
3.Perubahan-perubahan yang telah disetujui oleh Konferensi Para Pihak akan diberitahukan kepada Para Negara Pihak oleh Direktur Jenderal. Perubahan tersebut wajib mulai berlaku 45 hari setelah pemberitahuan tersebut, kecuali untuk Negara Pihak yang sebelumnya telah memberi tahu kepada Direktur Jenderal bahwa negara tersebut tidak menerima perubahan- perubahan ini.
4.Negara Pihak yang sedang memberitahukan kepada Direktur Jenderal bahwa Negara Pihak tersebut tidak menerima suatu perubahan
yang telah disetujui menurut ayat sebelumnya tetap terikat oleh Annexes yang tidak diubah.
VII. Klausula akhir Pasal 35 - Sistim konstitusi federal atau bukan kesatuan Ketentuan-ketentuan berikut wajib berlaku bagi Para Negara Pihak yang menganut sistem konstitusi federal atau bukan kesatuan:
(a)sehubungan dengan ketentuan-ketentuan Konvensi ini, pelaksanaan yang timbul berdasarkan yurisdiksi hukum kekuasaan federal atau legislatif pusat, kewajiban-kewajiban pemerintah federal atau pusat wajib sama bagi Para Negara Pihak yang bukan merupakan Negara federal;
(b)sehubungan dengan ketentuan-ketentuan Konvensi ini, pelaksanaan yang timbul berdasarkan yurisdiksi Negara-Negara bagian masing-masing, negeri-negeri, provinsi-provinsi atau kanton-kanton yang tidak diwajibkan oleh sistem konstitusional federasi untuk mengambil tindakan-tindakan legislatif, pemerintah federal wajib memberitahu instansi yang berwenang dari Negara-Negara bagian, negeri-negeri, provinsi-provinsi atau kanton-kanton tersebut mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan tersebut, dengan rekomendasi untuk pengadopsiannya.
Pasal 36 - Ratifikasi, penerimaan, penyetujuan atau aksesi Konvensi ini wajib tunduk pada ratifikasi, penerimaan, penyetujuan atau aksesi oleh para Negara Anggota UNESCO sesuai dengan prosedur-prosedur konstitusionalnya masing-masing.
Instrumen- instrumen ratifikasi, penerimaan, penyetujuan atau aksesi wajib diserahkan kepada Direktur Jenderal UNESCO.
Pasal 37 - Mulai berlakunya
1.Konvensi ini wajib mulai berlaku pada hari pertama bulan berikutnya setelah habis masa satu bulan setelah tanggal penyerahan instrumen ketiga puluh ratifikasi, penerimaan, penyetujuan atau aksesinya.
2.Untuk Negara yang selanjutnya menyatakan keinginan untuk diikat oleh Konvensi ini, Konvensi wajib mulai berlaku pada hari pertama bulan berikutnya setelah habis masa satu bulan setelah tanggal penyerahan instrumen ratifikasi, penerimaan, penyetujuan atau aksesinya.
Pasal 38 - Perluasan wilayah Konvensi
1.Setiap Negara, ketika menyerahkan instrumen ratifikasi, penerimaan, penyetujuan atau aksesi dapat, merinci wilayah atau wilayah-wilayah dimana hubungan internasional yang menjadi tanggungjawabnya dan dimana Konvensi ini berlaku.
2.Setiap Negara Pihak, pada waktu mendatang, dengan suatu pernyataan yang disampaikan kepada UNESCO, dapat memperluas pemberlakuan Konvensi ini pada setiap wilayah lain yang
dirinci dalam pernyataan tersebut. Sehubungan dengan wilayah tersebut, Konvensi wajib mulai berlaku pada hari pertama bulan berikutnya setelah habis masa satu bulan setelah tanggal penerimaan pernyataan tersebut pada penyimpanan.
3.Setiap pernyataan yang dibuat berdasarkan dua ayat di atas, sesuai dengan wilayah yang disebutkan di dalam pernyataan tersebut, dapat ditarik kembali melalui pemberitahuan yang disampaikan kepada UNESCO. Penarikan kembali tersebut wajib berlaku pada hari pertama bulan berikutnya setelah habis masa satu bulan setelah tanggal penerimaan pemberitahuan pada penyimpanan.
Pasal 39 - Pengunduran Diri Setiap Negara Pihak mengundurkan diri dari Konvensi ini.
Pengunduran diri tersebut wajib diberitahukan melalui instrumen tertulis, yang disampaikan kepada Direktur Jenderal UNESCO.
Pengunduran diri tersebut wajib berlaku efektif pada hari pertama bulan berikutnya setelah habis masa satu bulan setelah tanggal penerimaan instrumen pengunduran diri tersebut. Pengunduran diri tersebut tidak akan mempengaruhi kewajiban-kewajiban keuangan Negara Pihak tersebut sampai tanggal pengunduran tersebut berlaku efektif.
Pasal 40 - Penyimpanan Direktur Jenderal UNESCO merupakan Penyimpan Konvensi ini dan perubahan-perubahannya.
Sebagai Penyimpan, Direktur Jenderal UNESCO wajib memberitahukan kepada Para Negara Pihak yang terikat pada Konvensi ini, serta Negara-Negara Anggota Organisasi lainnya mengenai:
(a)penyimpanan setiap instrumen ratifikasi, penerimaan, penyetujuan atau aksesi;
(b)tanggal mulai berlakunya Konvensi ini sesuai dengan Pasal 37;
(c)setiap laporan yang disiapkan sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan Pasal 31;
(d)setiap perubahan Konvensi atau Annexes yang diadopsi sesuai dengan Pasal 33 dan 34 dan tanggal dimana perubahan tersebut mulai berlaku;
(e)setiap pernyataan atau pemberitahuan yang dibuat berdasarkan ketentuan-ketentuan Pasal 38;
(f)setiap pemberitahuan yang dibuat berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 39 dan tanggal pengunduran diri tersebut berlaku efektif;
(g)setiap tindakan, pemberitahuan atau komunikasi lainnya yang berhubungan dengan Konvensi ini.
Pasal 41 - Pendaftaran Sesuai dengan Pasal 102 Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Konvensi ini wajib didaftarkan pada Sekretariat Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa atas permohonan Direktur Jenderal UNESCO.
Pasal 42 - Naskah yang Sah
1.Konvensi ini, termasuk Annexes-nya, yang dibuat dalam bahasa Arab, Cina, Inggris, Prancis, Rusia dan Spanyol, keenam naskah tersebut memiliki keabsahan yang setara.
2.Apendiks-apendiks pada Konvensi ini, tersedia dalam bahasa Arab, Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Spanyol.
Pasal 43 - Pernyataan Keberatan Tidak ada pernyataan keberatan yang tidak sesuai dengan tujuan dan maksud dari Konvensi ini yang akan diijinkan.
Annex I -Daftar Terlarang - Standar lnternasional Annex II -Standar Untuk Pemberian Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik Apendiks 1 -Code Anti-Doping Dunia Apendiks 2-Standar Internasional Untuk Laboratorium Apendiks 3-Standar Internasional Untuk Pengujian ANNEX I WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY CODE ANTI-DOPING DUNIA DAFTAR TERLARANG TAHUN 2005 STANDAR INTERNASIONAL Naskah resmi Daftar Terlarang wajib dipelihara oleh WADA dan akan dipublikasikan dalam bahasa Inggris dan Prancis.
Pada keadaan terdapat pertentangan di antara versi bahasa Inggris dan Prancis, versi bahasa Inggris yang berlaku.
Daftar ini mulai berlaku pada 1 Januari 2005 DAFTAR TERLARANG TAHUN 2005 CODE ANTI-DOPING DUNIA Berlaku 1 Januari 2005 Penggunaan obat-obatan wajib terbatas untuk indikasi-indikasi yang dibenarkan secara medis
ZAT DAN METODE TERLARANG PADA SEMUA KEGIATAN (DI DALAM DAN DI LUAR KOMPETISI)
ZAT TERLARANG S1.ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic agents adalah dilarang.
1.Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) (a)AAS Eksogen*, meliputi:
18a-homo-17B-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one;
bolasterone;
boldenone;
boldione;
calusterone;
clostebol;
danazol;
dehydrochloromethyl-testosterone;
deltal-androstene-3,17- dione;
deltal-androstenediol;
deltal-dihydro-testosterone;
drostanolone; ethylestrenol; fluoxymesterone; formebolone;
furazabol; gestrinone; 4-hydroxytestosterone; 4-hydroxy-19- nortestosterone;
mestanolone;
mesterolone;
metenolone;
methandienone;
methandriol;
methyldienolone;
methyltrienolone; methyltestosterone; mibolerone; nandrolone;
19-norandrostenediol;
19-norandrostenedione;
norbolethone;
norclostebol;
norethandrolone;
oxabolone;
oxandrolone;
oxymesterone;
oxymetholone;
quinbolone;
stanozolol;
stenbolone; tetrahydrogestrinone; trenbolone dan zat-zat lainnya dengan struktur kimia yang sama atau pengaruh biologis yang sama.
(b)AAS Endogen*:
androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3ß,17ß-diol);
androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione);
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA);
dihydro-testosterone;
testosterone dan metabolites dan isomers sebagai berikut:
5α-androstane-3 α,17α-diol;
5α-androstane-3α,17ß-diol;
5α-androstane-3ß,17α-diol;
5α-androstane-3ß,17ß-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17ß-diol;
androst-4-ene-3ß,17α-diol;
androst-5-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-5-ene-3α,17ß-diol;
androst-5-ene-3ß,17α-diol; 4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene- 3ß,17ß-diol);
5 androstenedione(androst-5-ene-3,17-dione);
epi-dihydrotestosterone;
3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one;
3ß-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one;
19-norandro-sterone;
19- noretiocholanolone.
Di mana Zat Terlarang (seperti daftar di atas) dapat dihasilkan oleh tubuh secara alamiah, suatu Sampel akan dianggap mengandung Zat Terlarang bila konsentrasi Zat Terlarang tersebut atau metabolites atau markers-nya dan/atau rasio relevan lainnya dalam Sampel Olahragawan menyimpang dari nilai batas produksi endogen yang secara normal ditemukan pada manusia yang tidak mungkin konsisten diproduksi secara endogen. Suatu Sampel tidak akan dianggap mengandung Zat Terlarang bilamana Olahragawan dapat membuktikan bahwa konsentrasi Zat Terlarang atau metabolites atau marker-nya dan/atau rasio relevan dalam Sampel disebabkan oleh kondisi patologis atau fisiologis. Pada semua kasus, dan pada tingkat konsentrasi berapapun, laboratorium akan melaporkan suatu Temuan Analitik Merugikan (Adverse Analytical Finding) bila, berdasarkan metode analitik reliabel (reliable analytical method), laboratorium dapat memperlihatkan bahwa Zat Terlarang tersebut berasal dari eksogen.
Bila ditemukan hasil laboratorium tidak meyakinkan dan konsentrasi tidak seperti yang disebutkan dalam paragraf di atas, Organisasi Anti-Doping terkait wajib melakukan penyelidikan lebih lanjut bila
terdapat indikasi-indikasi yang serius, seperti berkaitan dengan profil steroid rujukan, untuk kemungkinan Menggunakan Zat Terlarang.
Bila laboratorium melaporkan adanya rasio T/E lebih besar daripada empat (4) berbanding satu (1) dalam urin, penyelidikan lebih lanjut adalah wajib supaya menentukan apakah rasio tersebut diakibatkan keadaan fisiologis atau patologis, kecuali jika laboratorium melaporkan suatu Temuan Analitik Merugikan yang didasarkan pada metode analitik reliabel, memperlihatkan bahwa Zat Terlarang tersebut berasal dari eksogen.
Andaikata suatu penyelidikan dilakukan, ia meliputi peninjauan pengujian-pengujian sebelumnya dan/atau berikutnya.
Jika pengujian-pengujian sebelumnya tidak dapat digunakan, Olahragawan wajib diuji tanpa pemberitahuan paling sedikit tiga kali di dalam periode tiga bulan.
Bilamana Olahragawan tidak kooperatif dalam penyelidikan, Sampel Olahragawan wajib dianggap mengandung Zat Terlarang.
2.Anabolic Agents lainnya, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada:
Clenbuterol, zeranol, zilpaterol.
Penjelasan bagian ini :
*"Eksogen" adalah zat yang tidak dapat diproduksi oleh tubuh secara alamiah.
**Endogen adalah zat yang dapat dihasilkan sendiri oleh tubuh secara alamiah.
S2.HORMON DAN ZAT YANG TERKAIT Zat-zat berikut, termasuk zat dengan struktur kimiawi yang sama atau pengaruh biologis yang sama, dan faktor-faktor pembebasnya (releasing/actors), adalah dilarang:
1.Erythropoietin (EPO);
2.Hormon Pertumbuhan (Growth Hormone, hGH), Faktor-faktor Pertumbuhan Mirip Insulin (Insulin-like Growth Factors, misalnya IGF-l), Faktor-faktor Pertumbuhan Mekano (Mechano Growth Factors, MGFs);
3.Gonadotrophins (LH, hCG),
4.Insulin;
5.Corticotrophins.
Kecuali Olahragawan dapat membuktikan bahwa konsentrasi tersebut adalah akibat keadaan fisiologis atau patologis, Sampel akan dianggap mengandung Zat Terlarang (seperti daftar di atas) bilamana konsentrnsi Zat Terlarang atau metabolitesnya dan/atau rasio relevan atau markernya dalam Sampel Olahragawan melebihi batas nilai yang ditemukan pada manusia normal yang tidak mungkin konsisten diproduksi secara endogen.
Adanya zat-zat lain dengan struktur kimiawi yang sama atau pengaruh biologik yang sama, petanda diagnostik (diagnostic marker) atau faktor pembebas hormon yang tertera dalam daftar atau temuan lainnya yang memperlihatkan bahwa zat yang terdeteksi adalah berasal dari eksogen, akan dianggap menggunakan Zat
Terlarang dan dilaporkan sebagai Temuan Analitik Merugikan.
S3.AGONIS BETA-2 (Beta-2 Agonist) Semua golongan Agonis Beta-2 termasuk isomer D- dan L-nya adalah dilarang.
Penggunaannya memerlukan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik (Therapeutic Use Exemption).
Sebagai pengecualian, formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol dan terbutaline, bila diberikan secara inhalasi, memerlukan persetujuan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik.
Meskipun telah mendapatkan persetujuan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik, bila Laboratorium melaporkan konsentrasi salbutamol (free plus glukuronide) lebih besar daripada 1000 ng/mL, akan dianggap sebagai Temuan Analitik Merugikan kecuali Olahragawan dapat membuktikan bahwa hasil abnormal tersebut merupakan akibat menggunakan terapeutik salbutamol secara inhalasi.
S4.BAHAN DENGAN AKTIVITAS ANTI-ESTROGENIK (Agents with Anti-Estrogenic Activity) Kelompok zat-zat anti-estrogenik berikut ini adalah dilarang:
1.Inhibitor Aromatase (aromatase inhibitors) termasuk, tetapi tidak terbatas pada, anastrozole, letrozole, aminoglutethimide, exemestane, formestane, testolactone.
2.Modulator Reseptor Selektif Estrogen (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, SERMs) termasuk, tetapi tidak terbatas pada, raloxifen, tamoxifen, toremifene.
3.Zat anti-estrogenik lainnya termasuk, tetapi tidak terbatas pada, clomiphene, cyclofenil, fulvestrant.
S5.DIURETIK DAN MASKING AGENTS LAINNYA Diuretik-diuretik dan Masking agents lainnya adalah dilarang.
Masking agents meliputi tetapi tidak terbatas pada:
Diuretik*, epitestosterone, probenecid, alpha-reductase inhibitors (misalnya finasteride, dutasteride), plasma expanders (misalnya albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch).
Termasuk Diuretik-diuretik:
acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlorthalidnne, etacynic acid, furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone, thiazides (e.g.
bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide), triamterene, dan zat-zat lainnya dengan struktur kimiawi yang sama atau pengaruh biologis yang sama.
Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik tidak berlaku bila urin Olahragawan mengandung diuretik dalam batas ambang atau di bawah ambang Zat Terlarang.
METODE TERLARANG M1.MENINGKATKAN TRANSFER OKSIGEN Metode berikut adalah dilarang:
1.Doping darah (blood doping), termasuk menggunakan darah sendiri (autologous), darah orang lain yang homologous atau
heterologous atau menggunakan produk sel darah merah dari sumber apapun.
2.Menggunakan produk yang meningkatkan ambilan, penghantaran atau pengiriman oksigen, meliputi tetapi tidak terbatas pada perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR 13) dan, produk-produk modifikasi hemoglobin (misalnya haemoglobin-based blood substitutes, microencapsulated haemoglobin products).
M2.MANIPULASI KIMIAWI DAN FISIK Hal-hal berikut adalah dilarang:
Merusak, atau upaya merusak, untuk mengubah integritas dan validitas Sampel yang dikumpulkan dalam Pengawasan-Pengawasan Doping.
Termasuk, tetapi tidak terbatas pada infuse-infus intravena*, kateterisasi, mengganti urin.
*Kecuali atas pengobatan akut medis yang sah (legitimate acute medical treatment), infus intravena adalah dilarang.
M3.DOPING GEN Penggunaan sel, gen, elemen gen, atau modulasi ekspresi gen bukan untuk tujuan pengobatan, yang mempunyai kapasitas meningkatkan kinerja Olahragawan, adalah dilarang.
ZAT DAN METODE TERLARANG DI DALAM KOMPETISI Sebagai tambahan terhadap kategori-kategori S1 sampai S5 dan M1 sampai M3 di atas, kategori-kategori berikut adalah dilarang di dalam kompetisi:
ZAT TERLARANG S6.STIMULANSIA (Stimulants) Stimulansia-stimulansia berikut adalah dilarang, termasuk isomer-isomer optikalnya (D- dan L-) yang relevan:
adrafinil, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, amphetaminil, benzphetamine, bromantan, carphedon, cathine*, clobenzorex, cocaine, dimethylamphetamine, ephedrine**, etilamphetamine, etilefrine, famprofazone, fencamfamin, fencamine, fenetylline, fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfenorex, heptaminol, mefenorex, mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine, methylamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, methylephedrine**, methylphenidate, modafinil, nikethamide, norfenfluramine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, phendi- metrazine, phenmetrazine, prolintane, selegiline, strychnine, dan zat-zat lainnya dengan struktur kimiawi yang sama atau memberikan pengaruh biologis yang sama***.
*Cathine adalah dilarang bila konsentrasinya dalam urin lebih besar daripada 5 mikrogram per milliliter.
**Masing-masing ephedrine dan methylephedrine adalah dilarang bila
konsentrasinya dalam urin lebih besar daripada 10 mikrogram per milliliter.
***Zat-zat yang termasuk dalam Program Pemantauan Tahun 2005 (bupropion, caffeine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradol, pseudoephedrine, synephrine) adalah tidak dianggap sebagai Zat-Zat Terlarang.
CATATAN:Adrenaline yang digunakan sebagai bahan-bahan anestetik lokal atau oleh pemberian lokal (misalnya, tetes hidung, tetes mata) adalah tidak dilarang.
S7.NARKOTlKA (Narcotics) Narkotika-narkotika berikut adalah dilarang:
buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), fentanyl dan derivat-derivatnya, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.
S8.KANABINOID (Cannabinoids) Kanabinoid-kanabinoid (misalnya hashish, marijuana) adalah dilarang.
S9.GLUKOKORTIKOSTEROID (Glucocorticosteroids) Semua glukokortikosteroid adalah dilarang bila dipakai secara oral, rektal, intravena atau intramuskuler.
Penggunaannya memerlukan persetujuan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik.
Pemakaian dengan cara lain memerlukan Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik Ringkas.
Sediaan dermatologik adalah tidak dilarang.
ZAT YANG DILARANG DALAM OLAHRAGA TERTENTU
P1.ALKOHOL (ALCOHOL) Alkohol (ethanol) adalah dilarang hanya di dalam kompetisi, dalam beberapa cabang olahraga. Deteksi dapat dilakukan dengan analisis hembusan nafas dan/atau darah. Ambang pelanggaran doping (nilai- nilai hematologik) untuk setiap Federasi dilaporkan dalam tanda kurung.
Aeronautic (FAI) (0,20 g/L) .Karate (WKF) (0.10 g/L)
Panahan (FITA, IPC) (0,10 g/L) .Pentathlon Modern (UIPM) (0.10 g/L)
Automobile (FIA) (0.10 g/L) untuk disiplin-disiplin termasuk menembak
Biliar (WCBS) (0,20 g/L) .Balap Motor (FIM) (0.00 g/L)
Boules (CMSB) (0,10 g/L) .Ski (FIS) (0.10 g/L) P2.PENGHAMBAT BETA (BETA-BLOCKERS) Kecuali terdapat hal-hal spesifik, penghambat beta dilarang hanya di dalam kompetisi untuk cabang olahraga berikut:
.Aeronautic (FAI)
.Panahan (FITA) (juga dilarang di luar kompetisi) .Automobile (FIA) .Biliar (WCBS) .Bobsleigh (FIBT) .Boules (CMSB) .Catur (FIDE) .Curling (WCF) .Gymnastics (FIG) .Motorcycling (FIM) .Pentathon Modern (UIPM) untuk disiplin-disiplin termasuk menembak .Bowling Sembilan-pin (FIQ) .Layar (ISAF) hanya untuk pelombaan yang menggunakan helm .Menembak (ISSF) juga dilarang di luar kompetisi) .Ski (FIS) dalam ski jumping dan free style snow board .Renang (FINA) dalam cabang selam dan synchronized swimming .Gulat (FILA) Penghambat beta meliputi, tetapi tidak terbatas pada, sebagai berikut:
acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol, carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.
ZAT SPESIFIK* Termasuk "Zat-Zat Spesifik"* adalah tertera di bawah:
ephedrine, L-methy/amphetamine, methylephedrine;
cannabinoids;
semua agonis beta-2, kecuali clenbuterol;
probenecid;
semua Glukokortiksteroid;
semua Penghambat Beta;
alkohol.
* "Daftar Terlarang memuat beberapa zat spesifik yang terutama rentan terjadi pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping tanpa disengaja karena sering terdapat dalam sediaan obat atau kurang berhasil disalah-gunakan sebagai bahan-bahan doping." Pelanggaran doping akibat pemakaian zat-zat tersebut dapat menyebabkan peringanan sanksi yang diberikan bila "...Olahragawan dapat membuktikan bahwa penggunaannya bukan untuk tujuan meningkatkan kinerja olahraga ..." ANNEX II STANDAR UNTUK PEMBERIAN PENGECUALIAN PENGGUNAAN TERAPEUTIK Dikutip dari "STANDAR INTERNASIONAL UNTUK PENGECUALIAN PENGGUNAAN TERAPEUTIK" Badan Anti-Doping Dunia (WADA);
berlaku 1 Januari 2005
4.0Kriteria untuk Pemberian Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik
Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik (PPT) mungkin diberikan kepada Olahragawan yang mengajukan izin menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang yang terdapat dalam Daftar Terlarang.
Permohonan/aplikasi untuk PPT akan diperiksa oleh Komite Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik (KPPT). Komite PPT akan ditunjuk oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping. Pembebasan hanya akan diberikan dalam kaitan erat dengan kriteria sebagai berikut:
[Komentar: Standar ini berlaku bagi semua Olahragawan sebagaimana didefinisikan oleh dan subyek untuk Kode yaitu olahragawan yang tidak cacat dan olahragawan dengan kecacatan. Standar ini dapat diberlakukan dalam kaitan dengan keadaan seseorang. Misalnya, suatu pembebasan yang sesuai untuk olahragawan dengan kecacatan mungkin tidak sesuai untuk olahragawan lainnya]
4.1Olahragawan mengajukan permohonan untuk mendapatkan PPT tidak kurang dari 21 hari sebelum mengikuti suatu pertandingan.
4.2Olahragawan akan mengalami gangguan kesehatan bermakna bila Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang tersebut tidak diberikan selama pengobatan keadaan medis akut atau kronik.
4.3Pengobatan menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang tersebut tidak menyebabkan peningkatan prestasi tambahan selain kinerja yang dapat diantisipasi yaitu kembali ke keadaan kesehatan normal setelah pengobatan medis yang sah.
Penggunaan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang apapun untuk meningkatkan taraf "rendah-normal" hormon endogen apapun tidak dianggap sebagai intervensi pengobatan.
4.4Tidak terdapat pilihan pengobatan yang layak untuk digunakan selain Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang.
4.5Alasan lainnya untuk menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang bukan merupakan konsekwensi, seluruh atau sebagian, terutama penggunaan bukan untuk tujuan pengobatan satu atau beberapa zat dari Daftar Terlarang.
4.6PPT akan dibatalkan oleh badan pemberi, bila :
a.Olahragawan tidak segera memenuhi semua persyaratan atau kondisi yang ditentukan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping untuk pemberian PPT.
b.Masa berlaku PPT telah habis.
c.Olahragawan mengusulkan bahwa PPT ditarik kembali atau dibatalkan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping.
[Komentar:
Setiap PPT mempunyai masa berlaku khusus yang ditetapkan oleh KPPT. Mungkin terdapat kasus di mana masa berlaku PPT telah habis atau ditarik kembali dan zat terlarang yang menjadi subyek PPT masih terdapat dalam tubuh Olahragawan. Pada kasus tersebut, Organisasi Anti-Doping yang melakukan pemeriksaan awal dari temuan merugikan akan mempertimbangkan apakah temuan terse but konsisten dengan masa berlaku atau penarikan PPT.]
4.7Permohonan untuk PPT tidak akan dipertimbangkan untuk mendapat persetujuan retroaktif (berlaku surut) kecuali pada kasus:
a.Pengobatan emergensi (gawat darurat) atau pengobatan keadaan medis akut yang diperlukan, atau
b.Akibat keadaan tertentu, yaitu tidak terdapat cukup waktu
atau kesempatan untuk mengajukan berkas permohonan, atau atas pertimbangan KPPT, suatu aplikasi diajukan sebelum Pengawasan Doping.
[Komentar: Kedaruratan-kedaruratan medis atau keadaan-keadaan medis akut memerlukan pemberian Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang sebelum aplikasi untuk PPT dibuat, adalah jarang. Sama halnya, keadaan yang memerlukan pertimbangan ahli dari aplikasi untuk PPT akibat pertandingan akan dilaksanakan segera (imminent) adalah jarang. Organisasi-organisasi Anti-Doping yang memberikan PPT harus mempunyai prosedur internal yang mengizinkan keadaan tersebut.]
5.0Kerahasiaan Informasi
5.1.Berkas permohonan harus menyertakan persetujuan tertulis (written consent) guna mengirimkan semua inforrnasi mengenai aplikasi tersebut kepada anggota KPPT dan, bila diperlukan, kepada para ahli medis atau ilmuwan irldependen, atau kepada seluruh staf yang perlu dilibatkan dalam manajemen, pemeriksaan atau mempertimbangkan PPT.
Bilamana diperlukan bantuan tenaga luar, yaitu para ahli independen, semua rincian aplikasi akan dikirimkan kepada para ahli tersebut tanpa memuat identitas Olahragawan yang terlibat dalam pelayanan Olahragawan. Permohonan tersebut harus juga menyertakan persetujuan tertulis Olahragawan terhadap keputusan KPPT untuk disebarkan kepada Organisasi Anti-Doping terkait lainnya di bawah ketentuan Kode.
5.2.Para Anggota KPPT dan tenaga administrasi Organisasi Anti- Doping yang terlibat akan melakukan seluruh aktivitasnya secara sangat rahasia. Seluruh anggota KTUE dan seluruh staf yang terlibat akan menandatangani persetujuan secara rahasia.
Kerahasiaan informasi yang terutama harus dijaga adalah sebagai berikut:
a.Semua informasi medis dan data yang diberikan oleh Olahragawan dan para dokter yang menangani Olahragawan tersebut;
b.Seluruh rincian aplikasi termasuk nama para dokter yang terlibat dalam proses tersebut.
Perihal Olahragawan ingin menolak memberikan satu atau beberapa informasi kesehatan dirinya kepada KPPT atau KPPT WADA, Olahragawan harus memberitahukan kepada dokter praktek yang menanganinya secara fakta tertulis. Sebagai akibat keputusan tersebut, Olahragawan tidak memperoleh PPT atau pembaharuan PPT yang telah ada.
6.0Komite Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik (KPPT) KPPT wajib MENETAPKAN dan bertindak dalam kaitan dengan petunjuk sebagai berikut:
6.1KPPT terdiri dari paling sedikit 3 (tiga) orang dokter yang berpengalaman dalam melayani dan mengobati Olahragawan serta mempunyai pengetahuan klinis, kedokteran olahraga dan latihan
fisik. Dalam upaya menjamin keputusan yang independen, mayoritas anggota KPPT adalah bukan pengurus organisasi Anti- doping. Selumh anggota KPPT menandatangani perjanjian yang menyatakan tidak mempunyai benturan kepentingan (conflict of interest). Pada aplikasi yang melibatkan Olahragawan dengan kecacatan, paling sedikit satu anggota KPPT mempunyai keahlian khusus dalam pelayanan dan pengobatan Olahragawan dengan kecacatan.
6.2KPPT akan mencarikan ahli kedokteran atau ilmuwan berpengalaman yang dianggap sesuai dalam memeriksa keadaan aplikasi untuk PPT.
6.3Komposisi KPPT WADA sesuai dengan kriteria yang tertulis dalam Pasal 6.1. KPPT WADA dibentuk untuk meninjau atas inisiatif sendiri keputusan ill yang diberikan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping. Seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Kode Pasal 4.4., KPPT WADA, terhadap permohonan yang diajukan oleh Olahragawan yang ditolak oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping, akan meninjau keputusan tersebut dan dapat membatalkan keputusan yang dibuat.
7.0Proses Aplikasi Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik (PPT)
7.1Suatu ill hanya akan dipertimbangkan setelah formulir aplikasi lengkap diterima termasuk seluruh dokumen yang terkait (lihat lampiran 1 - formulir PPT). Proses aplikasi harus diuraikan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip kerahasiaan medis.
7.2Aplikasi formulir PPT, seperti tertera dalam lampiran 1, dapat dimodifikasi oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping untuk memuat informasi tambahan yang diperlukan, tetapi tidak ada bagian atau butir yang diubah.
7.3Formulir aplikasi PPT dapat diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa lain oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping, tetapi bahasa Inggris atau Prancis tetap ada dalam formulir aplikasi tersebut.
7.4Olahragawan tidak diperkenankan menggunakan lebih dari satu Organisasi Anti-Doping untuk mendapatkan PPT. Aplikasi harus memuat identifikasi cabang olahraga dan, bila perlu, disiplin serta posisi atau reran spesifik Olahragawan.
7.5Aplikasi memuat daftar permintaan terdahulu dan/atau terkini untuk izin menggunakan Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang lainnya, badan kepada siapa permohonan diajukan, dan keputusan badan tersebut.
7.6Aplikasi harus memuat riwayat medis komprehensif dan seluruh hasil pemeriksaan, penyelidikan laboratorik dan studi pencitraan (imaging studies) yang terkait untuk aplikasi.
7.7Penyelidikan, pemeriksaan atau studi pencitraan terkait tambahan apapun yang diperlukan oleh KPPT Organisasi Anti-Duping dilakukan atas tanggungan biaya pemohon atau badan olahraga nasional.
7.8Aplikasi harus memuat penjelasan dokter yang kompeten tentang perlunya Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang digunakan dalam pengobatan Olahragawan, serta menjelaskan mengapa pengobatan altematif, yang diizinkan tidak dapat, atau tidak boleh, dipergunakan dalam pengobatan keadaan tersebut.
7.9Dosis, frekuensi, cara dan lama pemberian Zat Terlarang atau
Metode Terlarang lainnya yang dibicarakan harus dijelaskan.
7.10Keputusan KPPT harus rampung dalam 30 hari setelah semua dokumentasi terkait diterima dan akan disampaikan secara tertulis kepada Olahragawan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping relevan. Bilamana PPT diberikan kepada Olahragawan dalam Kelompok Pemeriksaan Terdaftar (Registered Testing Pool) Organisasi Anti-Doping, Olahragawan dan WADA akan mendapat surat persetujuan yang berisi informasi tentang masa berlaku pembebasan dan segala keadaan yang berhubungan dengan PPT.
7.11 (a)Setelah menerima permohonan yang diajukan oleh Olahragawan untuk diberikan tinjauan, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Kode Pasal
4.4., KPPT WADA akan, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Kode Pasal
4.4., mengembalikan keputusan PPT yang diberikan oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping. Olahragawan dapat mengirimkan kepada KPPT WADA semua informasi untuk PPT sebagaimana diajukan semula kepada Organisasi Anti-Doping disertai dengan biaya aplikasi.
Sampai proses peninjauan selesai, keputusan semula tetap berlaku.
Proses tersebut berlangsung tidak lebih dari 30 hari setelah informasi diterima oleh WADA.
(b)WADA dapat melakukan peninjauan kapan saja. KPPT WADA akan menyelesaikan peninjauannya di dalam 30 hari.
7.12Bilamana keputusan mengenai pemberian PPT ditolak sebagai hasil peninjauan, penolakan tersebut tidak berlaku surut dan tidak dapat mendiskualifikasi hasil Olahragawan selama periode bahwa PPT diberikan dan mempunyai pengaruh tidak lebih dari 14 hari setelah keputusan diberitahukan kepada Olahragawan.
8.0Proses Aplikasi Pengecualian Penggunaan Terapeutik Ringkas (PPTR)
8.1Telah diketahui bahwa beberapa zat yang termasuk dalam Daftar Zat Terlarang sering digunakan untuk pengobatan keadaan medis dalam masyarakat Olahragawan. Pada kasus tersebut, aplikasi lengkap seperti yang dijelaskan dalam bagian 4, dan bagian 7, tidak diperlukan. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut dibuat proses PPT Ringkas (abbreviated TUE, ATUE).
8.2Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang yang mungkin diizinkan oleh proses ringkas tersebut terbatas pada hal-hal sebagai berikut:
Agonis beta-2 (formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, dan terbutaline) melalui inhalasi;
dan glukokortikosteroid melalui pemberian non-sistemik.
8.3Untuk menggunakan satu zat di atas, Olahragawan dapat mengirimkan Surat Keterangan Dokter (medical notification) kepada Organisasi Anti-Doping yang memberi alasan keperluan terapeutik. Surat Keterangan Dokter tersebut, seperti yang tertera dalam Lampiran 2, harus menjelaskan diagnosis, nama obat, dosis, cara pemberian dan lama pengobatan. Bila pemeriksaan lain diperlukan dalam upaya menegakkan diagnosis harus disertakan (tanpa disertai hasil atau rincian yang
aktual).
8.4Proses ringkas meliputi:
a.Permohonan untuk menggunakan Zat Terlarang yang menjadi sasaran untuk proses ringkas adalah efektif bila permohonan telah lengkap diterima oleh Organisasi Anti- Doping. Permohonan yang tidak lengkap akan dikembalikan kepada pemohon.
b.Bilamana berkas permohonan telah lengkap diterima, Organisasi Anti-Doping akan mempertimbangkan permohonan Olahragawan.
Bila perlu, Federasi Internasional Olahragawan, Federasi Nasional dan Organisasi Anti- Doping Nasional akan diberitahu. Organisasi Anti-Doping akan memberitahukan kepada WADA hanya pada permohonan yang diterima dari Olahragawan tingkat lnternasional.
c.Permohonan PPTR tidak akan dipertimbangkan untuk izin berlaku surut kecuali:
-Pada pengobatan gawat darurat atau pengobatan keadaan medis akut, atau -Akibat keadaan tertentu, tidak cukup waktu atau kesempatan untuk mengajukan permohonan, atau KPPT menerima, suatu aplikasi sebelum Pengawasan Doping.
8.5 (a)Peninjauan oleh KPPT atau KPPT WADA dapat dilakukan kapan saja selama masa berlaku PPTR.
(b)Bila Olahragawan mengajukan penolakan terhadap PPTR yang telah ditinjau, KPPT WADA mempunyai wewenang untuk meminta informasi medis tambahan yang dianggap perlu, dan semua pembiayaan menjadi tanggungan Olahragawan.
8.6PPTR dapat dibatalkan oleh KPPT atau KPPT WADA kapan saja.
Olahragawan, Federasi Internasional olahragawan, dan semua Organisasi Anti-Doping relevan, harus segera diberitahu.
8.7Pembatalan permohonan segera berlaku setelah keputusan terhadap Olahragawan dibuat. Olahragawan meskipun demikian dapat mengajukan permohonan seperti diuraikan pada bagian 7 untuk PPT.
9.0Badan lnformasi (Clearinghouse)
9.1Organisasi Anti-doping akan mengirimkan semua PPT dan dokumen pendukungnya kepada WADA. seperti yang diuraikan dalam bagian
7. 9.2Dengan perhatian terhadap PPTR, Organisasi Anti-Doping akan mengirimkan aplikasi medis kepada WADA yang diajukan oleh Olahragawan tingkat Internasional, seperti yang diuraikan bagian 8.4.
9.3Badan Informasi (Clearinghouse) akan menjamin kerahasiaan semua informasi medis.
BAGIAN DUA Pendidikan dan Penelitian PASAL 18 PENDIDIKAN
18.1 Prinsip Dasar dan Tujuan Utama
Prinsip dasar untuk program informasi dan pendidikan adalah untuk menjaga semangat olahraga sebagaimana diuraikan di dalam Pendahuluan Code, agar tidak terkikis oleh doping. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk mencegah para Olahragawan menggunakan Zat-Zat Terlarang dan Metode-Metode Terlarang.
18.2 Program dan Kegiatan Setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping harus merencanakan, melaksanakan dan memantau program informasi dan pendidikan. Program tersebut wajib memberikan informasi terbaru dan akurat kepada para Peserta tentang sekurang-kurangnya masalah-masalah berikut:
*Zat-zat dan metode-metode yang ada pada Daftar Terlarang * Pengaruh-pengaruh doping terhadap kesehatan * Prosedur-prosedur Pengawasan Doping * Hak-hak dan kewajiban-kewajiban Olahragawan Program tersebut harus meningkatkan semangat olahraga untuk membentuk suatu lingkungan anti-doping yang mempengaruhi perilaku Para Peserta.
Tenaga Keolahragaaan harus memberikan pendidikan dan penyuluhan kepada para Olahragawan mengenai kebijakan dan peraturan anti-doping yang diadopsi dalam Code.
18.3 Koordinasi dan Kerjasama Semua Penandatangan dan Peserta harus bekerjasama satu sama lain dan dengan pemerintah-pemerintah untuk mengkoordinasikan upaya-upaya mereka dalam memberikan informasi dan edukasi anti-doping.
PASAL 19 PENELITIAN
19.1 Tujuan Penelitian Anti-Doping Penelitian atau riset anti-doping memberikan sumbangsih terhadap pengembangan dan pelaksanaan program-program yang efisien di dalam Pengawasan Doping dan terhadap pemberian informasi dan edukasi anti-doping.
19.2 Jenis Penelitian Penelitian anti-doping dapat meliputi, misalnya, kajian- kajian sosiologis, perilaku, yuridis dan etika di samping penyelidikan medis, analitis dan fisiologis.
19.3 Koordinasi Koordinasi penelitian anti-doping diharapkan dapat dilakukan melalui WADA.
Tunduk pada hak kekayaan intelektual, salinan-salinan hasil penelitian anti-doping harus diberikan kepada WADA.
19.4 Praktik-Praktik Penelitian Penelitian Anti-doping harus sesuai dengan praktik-praktik etika yang diakui secara internasional.
19.5 Penelitian yang Menggunakan Zat Terlarang dan Metode Terlarang Upaya-upaya penelitian harus menghindari pemberian Zat-Zat Terlarang atau Metode-Metode Terlarang kepada para
Olahragawan.
19.6 Penyalahgunaan Hasil Tindakan pengamanan yang memadai harus dilaksanakan sedemikian rupa sehingga hasil-hasil penelitian anti-doping tidak disalahgunakan dan diterapkan untuk doping.
BAGIAN TIGA PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB [Keterangan: Tanggungjawab bagi para Penandatangan dan para Peserta dibahas dalam berbagai pasal dalam Code dan tanggungjawab yang diuraikan di dalam bagian ini merupakan tambahan bagi tanggungjawab tersebut].
Pasal 20 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB TAMBAHAN BAGI PARA PENANDATANGAN
20.1 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Komite Olimpiade Internasional
20.1.1 Untuk mengadopsi dan melaksanakan kebijakan-kebijakan dan peraturan-peraturan anti-doping untuk Kejuaraan-Kejuaraan Olimpiade yang sesuai dengan Code.
20.1.2 Untuk meminta sebagai suatu syarat pengakuan oleh Komite Olimpiade Internasional, bahwa Federasi-Federasi Internasional di dalam Gerakan Olimpiade adalah sesuai dengan Code.
20.1.3 Untuk menahan beberapa atau semua pendanaan Olimpiade dari organisasi-organisasi olahraga yang tidak sesuai dengan Code.
20.1.4 Untuk mengambil tindakan yang sesuai guna mencegah timbulnya ketidaksesuaian dengan Code sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 23.5.
20.1.5 Untuk mengijinkan dan memfasilitasi Program pengamat Independen.
20.2 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Komite Paralimpik Internasional
20.2.1 Untuk mengadopsi dan melaksanakan kebijakan-kebijakan dan peraturan-peraturan anti-doping untuk Kompetisi-Kompetisi Paralimpik yang sesuai dengan Code.
20.2.2 Untuk meminta sebagai suatu syarat pengakuan oleh Komite Paralimpik Internasional, bahwa Komite-Komite Paralimpik Nasional di dalam Gerakan Olimpiade adalah sesuai dengan Code.
20.2.3 Untuk menahan beberapa atau semua pendanaan Paralimpik dari organisasi-organisasi olahraga yang tidak sesuai dengan Code.
20.2.4 Untuk mengambil tindakan yang sesuai untuk mencegah ketidak-sesuaian dengan Code sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 23.5.
20.2.5 Untuk mengijinkan dan memfasilitasi Program pengamat Independen.
20.3 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Federasi Internasional
20.3.1 Mengadopsi dan melaksanakan kebijakan-kebijakan dan peraturan-peraturan anti-doping yang sesuai dengan Code.
20.3.2 Sebagai suatu syarat keanggotaan kebijakan, peraturan dan program-program Federasi Nasional harus sesuai dengan Code.
20.3.3 Mengharuskan semua Olahragawan dan Tenaga Keolahragaan yang berada di dalam yurisdiksinya untuk mengakui dan terikat oleh peraturan-peraturan anti-doping yang sesuai dengan Code.
20.3.4 Mengharuskan para Olahragawan yang bukan merupakan anggota tetap Federasi Internasional atau salah satu dari Federasi Nasional anggotanya agar bersedia untuk dilakukan pengambilan Sampel dan memberikan informasi mengenai lokasi keberadaan yang akurat dan up-to-date jika dipersyaratkan oleh syarat-syarat untuk kelayakan keikutsertaan yang ditetapkan oleh Federasi Internasional atau Organisasi Kompetisi Besar, mana yang sesuai.
[Keterangan : Peran dan tanggungjawab ini berlaku juga bagi para Olahragawan dari liga-liga profesional].
20.3.5 Memantau program-program anti-doping Federasi-Federasi Nasional.
20.3.6 Mengambil tindakan yang sesuai untuk mencegah ketidak-sesuaian dengan Code sebagaimana ditentukan di dalam pasal 23.5.
20.3.7 Mengijinkan dan memfasilitasi Program Pengamat Independen pada Kompetisi-Kompetisi Internasional.
20.3.8 Menahan sejumlah atau semua pendanaan untuk Federasi Nasional anggotanya yang tidak sesuai dengan Code.
20.4 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Komite Olimpiade Nasional dan Komite Paralimpik Nasional
20.4.1 Menjamin bahwa kebijakan-kebijakan dan peraturan-peraturan anti-dopingnya sesuai dengan Code.
20.4.2 Mengharuskan sebagai suatu syarat keanggotaan atau pengakuan bahwa kebijakan-kebijakan dan peraturan-peraturan anti-doping Federasi Nasional sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku dari Code.
20.4.3 Mengharuskan para Olahragawan yang bukan anggota tetap sebuah Federasi Nasional untuk bersedia dilakukan pengumpulan Sampel dan memberikan informasi lokasi keberadaan yang akurat dan up-to-date secara rutin jika diminta selama tahun sebelum Kompetisi Olimpiade sebagai suatu syarat keikut-sertaan di dalam Kompetisi- Kompetisi Olimpiade.
20.4.4 Bekerjasama dengan Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasionalnya.
20.4.5 Menahan sejumlah atau semua pendanaan, selama masa Larangan Keikutsertaan-nya, kepada Olahragawan atau Tenaga Keolahragaan yang telah melanggar peraturan anti-doping.
20.4.6 Menahan sejumlah atau seluruh pendanaan kepada anggotanya atau Federasi Nasional yang diakui yang tidak sesuai dengan Code.
20.5 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional
20.5.1 Mengadopsi dan melaksanakan peraturan-peraturan dan kebijakan-kebijakan anti-doping yang sesuai dengan Code.
20.5.2 Bekerjasama dengan Organisasi-Organisasi Nasional terkait lainnya dan Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping lain.
20.5.3 Mendorong pengujian timbal balik antara Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional.
20.5.4 Mempromosikan penelitian anti-doping
20.6 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Organisasi Pertandingan Besar
20.6.1 Mengadopsi dan melaksanakan kebijakan-kebijakan dan peraturan-peraturan anti-doping untuk Kompetisi-Kompetisinya yang sesuai dengan Code.
20.6.2 Mengambil tindakan yang sesuai untuk mencegah ketidak-sesuaian dengan Code sebagaimana ditentukan di dalam Pasal 23.5.
20.6.3 Mengizinkan dan memfasilitasi Program Pengamat Independen.
20.7 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab WADA
20.7.1 Mengadopsi dan melaksanakan kebijakan-kebijakan dan prosedur yang sesuai dengan Code.
20.7.2 Memantau pengolahan Temuan-Temuan Analitis Berat.
20.7.3 Menyetujui Standar-Standar Internasional yang berlaku untuk pelaksanaan Code.
20.7.4 Melakukan akreditasi laboratorium untuk melaksanakan analisis Sampel atau untuk menyetujui pihak-pihak lain untuk melaksanakan analisis Sampel.
20.7.5 Mengembangkan dan menyetujui Model-Model Praktek Terbaik.
20.7.6 Mempromosikan, melaksanakan, menugaskan, mendanai dan mengkoordinasikan penelitian anti-doping.
20.7.7 Melaksanakan Program Pengamat Independen secara efektif.
20.7.8 Melaksanakan Pengawasan Doping sebagaimana diwenangkan oleh Organisasi-Organisasi Anti-Doping lainnya.
PASAL 21 PERANAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB PESERTA
21.1 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Olahragawan
21.1.1 Memahami dan memenuhi semua kebijakan dan peraturan anti-doping yang berlaku yang telah diadopsi sesuai dengan Code.
21.1.2 Bersedia untuk dilakukan pengambilan Sampel.
21.1.3 Bertanggungjawab, dalam konteks anti-doping, terhadap apa yang mereka makan dan pergunakan.
21.1.4 Memberitahukan kepada petugas medis mengenai kewajiban mereka untuk tidak Menggunakan Bahan Terlarang dan Metode Terlarang dan bertanggungjawab untuk memastikan bahwa perawatan medis yang diterimanya tidak melanggar kebijakan dan peraturan anti-doping yang telah diadopsi menurut Code.
21.2 Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Tenaga Keolahragaan
21.2.1 Memahami dan memenuhi semua kebijakan dan peraturan anti-doping yang berlaku yang telah diadopsi sesuai dengan Code dan yang berlaku terhadap mereka atau terhadap para Olahragawan yang mereka dukung.
21.2.2 Berkoordinasi dengan Olahragawan mengenai program pemeriksaan.
21.2.3 Menggunakan pengaruhnya terhadap nilai-nilai dan perilaku Olahragawan untuk membina sikap anti-doping.
PASAL 22 KETERLIBATAN PEMERINTAH Komitmen tiap-tiap pemerintah terhadap Code akan dibuktikan dengan cara menandatangani sebuah pernyataan pada atau sebelum hari pertama Kompetisi Olimpiade Athena yang akan diikuti dengan suatu proses yang menuju pada konvensi atau kewajiban lain yang akan dilaksanakan sesuai dengan konteks konstitusional dan administratif masing-masing pemerintah pada atau sebelum hari pertama Kompetisi Olimpiade Musim Dingin Turin.
[Keterangan: Sebagian besar pemerintah tidak bisa menjadi pihak pada, atau terikat oleh, instrumen-instrumen swasta non- pemerintahan seperti Code. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah-pemerintah tidak diminta untuk menjadi Penandatangan pada Code. Akan tetapi upaya untuk memberantas doping melalui program terkoordinasi dan selaras yang tercermin di dalam Code merupakan upaya bersama antara gerakan olahraga dengan pemerintah-pemerintah. Satu contoh mengenai satu jenis kewajiban yang disebut di atas adalah konvensi yang dibahas dalam Komunike Akhir Konferensi UNESCO Para Menteri dan Para Pejabat Senior yang Bertanggungjawab atas Pendidikan Fisik dan Olahraga (Final Communique of the UNESCO Round Table of Ministers and Senior Officials Responsible for Physical Education and Sport) yang diselenggarakan di Paris tanggal 9/10 Januari 2003].
Adalah harapan para Penandatangan bahwa deklarasi dan konvensi tersebut atau kewajiban lain bisa mencerminkan poin-poin utama berikut :
22.1 Tindakan-tindakan tegas akan dilakukan oleh masing-masing pemerintah dalam mendukung anti-doping sekurang-kurangnya pada bidang-bidang berikut:
* Dukungan bagi program-program anti-doping nasional;
*Ketersediaan Zat-Zat Terlarang dan Metode-Metode Terlarang;
*Memfasilitasi akses bagi WADA untuk melakukan pengawasan Doping Di Luar Kompetisi;
*Masalah suplemen nutrisi yang mengandung Zat-Zat Terlarang yang tidak diungkapkan;
*Menahan sejumlah atau seluruh dukungan finansial dari organisasi-organisasi keolahragaan dan para Peserta yang tidak sesuai dengan Code atau aturan-aturan anti-doping yang berlaku yang telah diadopsi menurut Code.
22.2 Semua keterlibatan lain pemerintah dengan anti-doping akan diselaraskan dengan Code.
22.3 Kesesuaian terus menerus dengan komitmen-komitmen yang tercermin di dalam konvensi atau kewajiban lain akan dipantau sebagaimana ditentukan di dalam konsultasi antara WADA dengan pemerintah (pemerintah-pemerintah) yang berlaku.
BAGIAN EMPAT Penerimaan, Pemenuhan, Perubahan dan Penafsiran PASAL 23 PENERIMAAN, PEMENUHAN DAN PERUBAHAN
23.1 Penerimaan Code
23.1.1 Badan-badan berikut merupakan Penandatangan yang menyetujui Code: WADA, Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Federasi Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, Komite Olimpik Nasional, Komite Paralimpik Nasional, Organisasi Pertandingan Besar, dan Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional. Badan-badan ini wajib menerima Code dengan menandatangani pernyataan penerimaan atas persetujuan oleh setiap badan-badan berwenangnya.
[Keterangan: Setiap Penandatangan yang memberikan persetujuan akan menandatangani secara terpisah sebuah salinan identik formulir standar pernyataan umum penerimaan dan menyerahkannya kepada WADA.
Akta penerimaan tersebut adalah sebagaimana diizinkan oleh dokumen-dokumen organik masing-masing organisasi. Sebagai contoh, Federasi Internasional oleh Kongresnya dan WADA oleh Dewan Pendirinya].
23.1.2 Organisasi-organisasi pendukung lainnya yang tidak berada di bawah Pengawasan satu pihak Penandatangan juga bisa menyetujui Code, atas undangan WADA.
[Keterangan: Liga-liga profesional yang saat ini tidak berada di bawah yurisdiksi pemerintah manapun atau Federasi Internasional didorong untuk menerima Code.]
23.1.3 Daftar semua penerimaan akan diumumkan oleh WADA.
23.2 Pelaksanaan Code
23.2.1 Para Penandatangan akan melaksanakan ketentuan-ketentuan Code yang berlaku melalui kebijakan-kebijakan, perundang-undangan, peraturan dan ketetapan menurut kewenangan mereka dan yang berada di dalam lingkup tanggungjawab mereka.
23.2.2 Dalam melaksanakan Code, para Penandatangan didorong untuk menggunakan Model-Model Praktik Terbaik yang direkomendasikan oleh WADA.
23.3 Batas Waktu Persetujuan dan Pelaksanaan
23.3.1 Para Penandatangan harus menyetujui dan melaksanakan Code pada atau sebelum hari pertama Kompetisi Olimpiade Athena.
23.3.2 Code bisa disetujui setelah batas waktu tersebut di atas; akan tetapi, para Penandatangan belum dianggap memenuhi Code sampai mereka telah menyetujui Code (dan persetujuan tersebut tidak bisa ditarik kembali).
23.4 Memantau Kesesuaian dengan Code
23.4.1 Kesesuaian dengan Code akan dipantau oleh WADA atau sebagaimana disetujui lain oleh WADA.
23.4.2 Untuk memfasilitasi pemantauan, masing-masing Penandatangan harus melaporkan kepada WADA mengenai kesesuaiannya dengan Code setiap tahun kedua dan harus menjelaskan alasan-alasan ketidak-sesuaian.
23.4.3 WADA akan mempertimbangkan penjelasan-penjelasan mengenai ketidak-sesuaian dan, dalam keadaan-keadaan luar biasa, bisa merekomendasikan kepada Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, Federasi Internasional, dan Organisasi-Organisasi Pertandingan Besar agar mereka untuk sementara memaklumi terjadinya ketidak-sesuaian tersebut.
[Keterangan: WADA mengakui bahwa diantara para Penandatangan dan pemerintah-pemerintah, terdapat perbedaan signifikan di dalam pengalaman anti-doping, dumber daya, dan konteks hukum dimana kegiatan anti-doping dilaksanakan. Dalam mempertimbangkan apakah sebuah organisasi telah memenuhi ketentuan, WADA akan mempertimbangkan perbedaan-perbedaan ini.]
23.4.4 WADA setelah berdialog dengan organisasi subyek, akan membuat laporan tentang kesesuaian kepada Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, Federasi-Federasi Internasional, Organisasi-Organisasi Pertandingan besar. Laporan ini juga akan disediakan bagi masyarakat umum.
23.5 Konsekuensi dari Ketidak-sesuaian dengan Code
23.5.1 Ketidak-sesuaian dengan Code oleh pemerintah atau Komite Olimpiade Nasional dari suatu negara bisa mengakibatkan konsekuensi-konsekuensi sehubungan dengan Kompetisi Olimpiade, Kompetisi Paralimpik, Kejuaraan Dunia atau Pertandingan-Pertandingan dari Organisasi Pertandingan Besar sebagaimana ditentukan oleh badan yang berwenang untuk masing-masing Pertandingan.
Pengenaan konsekuensi-konsekuensi tersebut bisa dilakukan banding oleh Komite Olimpiade Nasional atau pemerintah kepada CAS sesuai dengan Pasal 13.4.
23.6 Perubahan Code
23.6.1 WADA bertanggungjawab atas pengawasan perubahan dan penyempurnaan Code.
Para Olahragawan dan semua Penandatangan serta pemerintah diajak untuk ikut serta di dalam proses tersebut.
23.6.2 WADA akan memprakarsai perubahan-perubahan yang diusulkan terhadap Code dan akan menjamin proses konsultatif untuk menerima maupun merespon terhadap rekomendasi-rekomendasi dan untuk memfasilitasi
tinjauan ulang dan umpan balik dari para Olahragawan, para Penandatangan dan pemerintah-pemerintah tentang perubahan-perubahan yang direkomendasikan.
23.6.3 Perubahan-perubahan terhadap Code, setelah diadakan konsultasi yang layak, harus disetujui oleh mayoritas dua per tiga dari Dewan Pendiri WADA termasuk mayoritas baik dari sektor publik maupun para anggota gerakan olimpiade yang memberikan suara.
Kecuali jika ditentukan lain, perubahan-perubahan akan mulai berlaku tiga bulan setelah persetujuan tersebut.
23.6.4 Para Penandatangan harus melaksanakan perubahan yang berlaku terhadap Code dalam waktu satu tahun setelah persetujuan oleh Dewan Pendiri WADA.
23.7 Penarikan persetujuan terhadap Code
23.7.1 Para Penandatangan bisa menarik persetujuan terhadap Code setelah menyampaikan pemberitahuan tertulis kepada WADA enam bulan sebelumnya mengenai niatnya untuk menarik kembali.
PASAL 24 PENAFSIRAN TENTANG CODE
24.1 Naskah resmi Code akan disimpan oleh WADA dan akan dipublikasikan dalam bahasa Inggris dan Perancis. Apabila ada pertentangan antara versi Bahasa Inggris dengan Bahasa Perancis, maka yang berlaku adalah versi Bahasa Inggris.
24.2 Keterangan-keterangan yang menjelaskan berbagai ketentuan Code ditambahkan untuk membantu pemahaman dan penafsiran Code.
24.3 Code harus ditafsirkan sebagai sebuah naskah yang independen dan otonom dan bukan melalui penyebutan atau rujukan terhadap hukum dan perundang-undangan yang ada dari Penandatangan atau pemerintah.
24.4 Judul-judul yang digunakan untuk berbagai Bagian dan Pasal Code hanya semata-mata untuk kemudahan dan tidak dianggap merupakan bagian dari Bahan Code atau mempengaruhi dengan cara apapun juga bahasa sepanjang ketentuan dimana judul tersebut disebutkan.
24.5 Code tidak berlaku surut terhadap masalah-masalah yang ada sebelum tanggal Code disetujui oleh Penandatangan dan diimplementasikan di dalam aturan-aturannya.
[Keterangan : Sebagai contoh, tindakan yang merupakan suatu pelanggaran aturan anti-doping yang diuraikan di dalam Code, tetapi yang bukan merupakan pelanggaran berdasarkan aturan Federasi Internasional sebelum adanya Code, bukan merupakan pelanggaran sampai aturan Federasi Internasional tersebut diubah.
Pelanggaran-pelanggaran aturan anti-doping sebelum Code akan terus dianggap sebagai "Pelanggaran Pertama" atau "Pelanggaran Kedua"
untuk tujuan menentukan sanksi berdasarkan Pasal 10 untuk pelanggaran-pelanggaran pasca Code selanjutnya].
24.6 LAMPIRAN I DEFINISI dianggap sebagai bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari Code.
LAMPIRAN 1 DEFINISI-DEFINISI Temuan Analisis Merugikan : Laporan dari laboratorium atau badan Pengujian lain yang diakui yang mengidentifikasi dalam Spesimen terdapat Zat Terlarang atau Metabolites atau Markers-nya (termasuk peningkatan jumlah zat-zat endogen) atau terbukti Menggunakan suatu Metode Terlarang.
Organisasi Anti-Doping : Penandatangan yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengadopsi peraturan untuk memprakarsai, melaksanakan atau memberlakukan setiap bagian dari proses pengawasan Doping.
Organisasi Anti-Doping meliputi, misalnya, Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Organisasi- Organisasi Pertandingan Besar lainnya yang melaksanakan pengujian pada Pertandingan-Pertandingan-nya, WADA, Federasi Internasional, dan Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional.
Olahragawan: Untuk tujuan Pengawasan Doping, setiap Orang yang ikut serta di dalam olahraga di tingkat internasional (sebagaimana didefinisikan oleh masing-masing Federasi Internasional) atau tingkat nasional (sebagaimana didefinisikan oleh setiap Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional) dan setiap tambahan Orang yang ikut serta di dalam olahraga di tingkat yang lebih rendah bisa ditinjau oleh Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional Orang tersebut. Untuk tujuan informasi dan edukasi anti-doping, setiap Orang yang ikut serta dalam olahraga yang berada di bawah kewenangan Penandatangan, pemerintah, atau organisasi olahraga lain yang menyetujui Code.
[Keterangan : Definisi ini menjelaskan bahwa semua Olahragawan kaliber internasional dan nasional tunduk pada aturan-aturan anti-doping dari Code, dengan definisi olahraga tingkat internasional dan nasional masing-masing persis sebagaimana diuraikan di dalam aturan-aturan anti-doping Federasi Internasional dan Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional. Di tingkat nasional, aturan anti-doping yang diadopsi menurut Code berlaku minimal terhadap semua Orang yang ada pada tim nasional dan semua orang yang memiliki kualifikasi untuk bertanding di dalam Kejuaraan Nasional dalam olahraga apapun.
Definisi tersebut juga mengijinkan masing-masing Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional, jika organisasi tersebut memilih demikian, untuk memperluas program pengawasan Anti-Dopingnya diluar Olahragawan-Olahragawan kaliber nasional sampai mencakup Olahragawan-Olahragawan di tingkat kompetisi yang lebih rendah.
Para Olahragawan di semua tingkat kompetisi harus menerima manfaat dari informasi dan edukasi anti-doping].
Tenaga Keolahragaan : Setiap coach, pelatih, manajer, agen, star
tim, official, personel medis atau personel paramedis yang bekerja dengan atau yang merawat para Olahragawan yang ikut serta di dalam atau yang mempersiapkan untuk kompetisi olahraga.
Upaya : Secara sengaja terlibat dalam tindakan yang merupakan bagian dari tindakan yang direncanakan dan menyebabkan terjadinya pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping. Akan tetapi, dengan ketentuan bahwa tidak ada pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang didasarkan semata-mata pada sebuah Upaya untuk melakukan suatu pelanggaran jika Orang tersebut membatalkan Upaya tersebut sebelum diketahui oleh pihak ketiga yang tidak terlibat di dalam Upaya tersebut.
Code : Code Anti-Doping Dunia (World Anti-Doping Code).
Kompetisi : Perlombaan tunggal, pertandingan, permainan atau kontes atletik tunggal. Sebagai contoh, final-final lomba lari 100-meter Olimpiade. Untuk pacuan kuda dan lomba atletik lainnya dimana hadiahnya diberikan secara harian atau secara antar waktu lainnya, perbedaan antara Kompetisi dan Pertandingan adalah sebagaimana ditentukan di dalam peraturan-peraturan Federasi Internasional yang berlaku.
Konsekuensi Pelanggaran Peraturan Anti-Doping : Pelanggaran oleh Olahragawan atau Orang lain terhadap peraturan anti-doping dapat mengakibatkan satu atau lebih hal-hal berikut : (a) Diskualifikasi (Disqualification) berarti hasil-hasil Olahragawan di dalam sebuah kompetisi atau Pertandingan tertentu dibatalkan, dengan segala konsekuensi yang diakibatkan termasuk penyitaan medali, poin dan hadiah; (b) Larangan Keikutsertaan (Inelibility) berarti Olahragawan atau Orang lain tersebut dilarang selama suatu jangka waktu tertentu untuk ikut serta di dalam Kompetisi atau kegiatan lain atau pendanaan sebagaimana ditentukan di dalam Pasal 10.9; dan (c) Skorsing Sementara (Provisional Suspension) berarti Olahragawan atau Orang lain tersebut dilarang untuk sementara waktu ikut serta di dalam Kompetisi sebelum adanya keputusan final pada suatu bidang pemeriksaan yang dilakukan berdasarkan Pasal 8 (Hak atas Dengar Pendapat yang Adil).
Diskualifikasi : Lihat konsekuensi-konsekuensi dari pelanggaran aturan anti-doping di atas.
Pengawasan Doping : Proses yang meliputi perencanaan distribusi pengujian, pengumpulan dan penanganan Sampel, analisis laboratorium, manajemen hasil, dengar pendapat dan naik banding.
Pertandingan : Serangkaian Kompetisi-Kompetisi individual yang dilakukan bersama-sama di bawah satu badan pengatur (misalnya Kejuaraan Olimpiade, Kejuaraan Dunia FINA, atau Kejuaraan Pan American).
Di Dalam Kompetisi : Untuk tujuan membedakan antara Pengujian Di Dalam Kompetisi (In-Competition) dan Di Luar Kompetisi (Out-of- Competition), kecuali jika ditentukan lain di dalam peraturan suatu Federasi Internasional atau Organisasi Anti-Doping terkait
lainnya, Pengujian Di Dalam Kompetisi (In-Competition Test) adalah suatu pengujian dimana seorang Olahragawan dipilih untuk dilakukan pengujian sehubungan dengan suatu Kompetisi khusus.
[Keterangan : Perbedaan antara Pengunjian "In-Competition" dan "Out-of-Competition" adalah sangat penting karena Daftar Terlarang lengkap hanya diuji untuk "Di dalam Kompetisi".
Stimulansia-stimulansia terlarang, misalnya tidak diuji untuk Di Luar Kompetisi karena tidak memiliki manfaat meningkatkan prestasi kecuali jika berada di dalam sistem Olahragawan pada saat Olahragawan benar-benar sedang bertanding.
Sepanjang stimulansia terlarang bersih pada sistem Olahragawan pada saat Olahragawan bertanding, maka tidak ada bedanya apakah stimulan tersebut bisa ditemukan di dalam urin Olahragawan pada hari sebelum atau hari sesudah Kompetisi.] Program Pengamat Independen : Sebuah tim pengamat, yang berada di bawah pengawasan WADA, yang mengamati proses pengawasan Doping pada Pertandingan-Pertandingan tertentu dan melaporkan tentang pengamatan tersebut.
Jika WADA melakukan Pengujian Di Dalam Kompetisi pada sebuah Pertandingan, para pengamat tersebut diawasi oleh sebuah organisasi independen.
Larangan-Keikutsertaan :
Lihat Konsekuensi-Konsekuensi dari pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping di atas.
Pertandingan Internasional : Suatu pertandingan dimana Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, Federasi Internasional, Organisasi pertandingan Besar, atau Organisasi Olahraga Internasional lainnya merupakan badan penyelenggara untuk Pertandingan tersebut atau menunjuk petugas teknis untuk Pertandingan tersebut.
Olahragawan Tingkat Internasional : Olahragawan-Olahragawan yang ditunjuk oleh salah satu atau lebih Federasi Internasional untuk berada di dalam Kelompok Pemeriksaan Terdaftar untuk sebuah Federasi Internasional.
Standar Internasinal : Sebuah standar yang diadopsi oleh WADA untuk mendukung Code. Kesesuaian dengan Standar Internasional (sebagai lawan dari standar, praktek atau prosedur alternatif lainnya) cukup untuk menyimpulkan bahwa prosedur yang dicakup oleh Standar Internasional tersebut telah dilaksanakan dengan benar.
Organisasi Pertandingan besar :
Istilah ini merujuk pada perserikatan kontinental Komite Olimpiade Nasional dan organisasi-organisasi multi olahraga internasional lainnya yang berfungsi sebagai badan penyelenggaraan untuk kontinental, regional atau Pertandingan Internasiona/lainnya.
Marker : Senyawa, kelompok senyawa atau parameter biologis yang menunjukkan penggunaan sebuah Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang.
Metabolite: Zat yang dihasilkan oleh proses biotransformasi.
Anak Di Bawah Umur : Seseorang yang belum mencapai usia akil- balik sebagaimana ditetapkan oleh UNDANG-UNDANG yang berlaku dari negara tempat tinggalnya.
Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional : Badan (badan-badan) yang ditunjuk oleh masing-masing negara untuk memiliki kewenangan dan tanggungjawab utama untuk mengadopsi dan melaksanakan peraturan- peraturan anti-doping, mengatur pengumpulan Sampel, pengelolaan hasil pengujian, dan pelaksanaan dengar pendapat, semuanya di tingkat nasional. Jika penunjukkan ini belum dilakukan oleh instansi (instansi-instansi) publik yang berwenang, maka badan tersebut adalah Komite Olimpiade Nasional negara tersebut atau wakilnya yang ditunjuk.
Kompetisi Nasional (National Competition) : Sebuah Kompetisi olahraga yang melibatkan para Olahragawan tingkat internasional atau nasional yang bukan merupakan Kompetisi Internasional.
Komite Olimpiade Nasional : Organisasi yang diakui oleh Komite Olimpiade Internasional. Istilah Komite Olimpiade Nasional juga mencakup Konfederasi Olahraga Nasional di negara-negara dimana Konfederasi Olahraga Nasional tersebut memikul tanggungjawab khusus Komite Olimpiade Nasional di bidang anti-doping.
Tanpa Pemberitahuan Sebelumnya : Suatu pengawasan Doping yang terjadi tanpa ada peringatan sebelumnya kepada Olahragawan dan dimana Olahragawan dikawal terus-menerus mulai dari saat pemberitahuan sampai dengan penyediaan Sampel.
Tidak Ada Kesalahan atau Kelalaian : Pendapat Olahragawan bahwa ia tidak mengetahui atau mencurigai, dan tidak bisa secara wajar mengetahui atau mencurigai bahkan dengan melaksanakan kehati-hatian yang paling tinggi, bahwa ia telah menggunakan atau telah diberi Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang.
Tidak Ada Kesalahan atau Kelalaian Signifikan :
Pendapat Olahragawan bahwa kesalahan atau kelalaiannya, bila dilihat secara keseluruhan dari keadaan-keadaan dan dengan mempertimbangkan kriteria untuk Tidak Ada Kesalahan atau kelalaian, tidak signifikan dalam hubungannya dengan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping.
Di Luar Kompetisi: pengawasan Doping yang bukan merupakan Di Dalam Kompetisi.
Peserta : Olahragawan atau Tenaga Keolahragaan.
Orang : Orang perorangan atau sebuah organisasi atau badan lain.
Kepemilikan :
Kepemilikan aktual, fisik, atau kepemilikan konstruktif (yang hanya ditemukan jika Orang tersebut memiliki kekuasaan eksklusif atas Zat/Metode Terlarang atau pekarangan dimana Zat/Metode Terlarang berada); akan tetapi dengan ketentuan
bahwa jika Orang tersebut tidak memiliki kekuasaan eksklusif atas Zat/Metode Terlarang atau pekarangan dimana Zat/Metode Terlarang berada, kepemilikan konstruktif hanya terikat jika Orang tersebut mengetahui tentang keberadaan Zat/Metode Terlarang tersebut dan bermaksud menguasainya. Akan tetapi dengan ketentuan bahwa tidak ada pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping yang didasarkan semata-mata pada kepemilikan jika, sebelum menerima pemberitahuan apapun juga bahwa Orang tersebut telah melakukan pelanggaran peraturan anti-doping, Orang tersebut telah mengambil tindakan konkret yang menunjukkan bahwa Orang tersebut tidak lagi bermaksud memiliki Kepemilikan dan telah membatalkan Kepemilikan Orang tersebut sebelumnya.
[Keterangan : Berdasarkan definisi ini, steroid yang ditemukan di dalam mobil Olahragawan akan merupakan suatu pelanggaran kecuali jika Olahragawan tersebut membuktikan bahwa Orang lain telah menggunakan mobil tersebut ; dalam kejadian demikian, Organisasi Anti-Doping harus membuktikan bahwa, meskipun Olahragawan tersebut tidak memiliki kekuasaan eksklusif atas mobil tersebut.
Olahragawan tersebut mengetahui tentang steroid itu dan bermaksud menguasai atas steroid tersebut.
Demikian pula halnya, di dalam contoh steroid yang ditemukan di sebuah lemari obat rupiah tangga yang berada di bawah kekuasaan bersama Olahragawan dan suami/istrinya, Organisasi Anti-Doping harus membuktikan bahwa Olahragawan tersebut mengetahui bahwa Steroid ada di dalam lemari dan bahwa Olahragawan tersebut bermaksud menguasai atas steroid tersebut].
Daftar Terlarang : Daftar yang menguraikan Zat Terlarang dan Metode Terlarang.
Metode Terlarang : Metode yang dinyatakan demikian pada Daftar Terlarang.
Zat Terlarang : Zat-zat yang dinyatakan demikian pada Daftar Terlarang.
Dengar Pendapat Sementara : Untuk tujuan Pasal 7.5, suatu pemeriksaan singkat dipercepat yang terjadi sebelum pemeriksaan berdasarkan Pasal 8 (Hak atas Dengar Pendapat yang Adil) yang menyampaikan pemberitahuan dan memberikan kesempatan kepada Olahragawan untuk diperiksa dalam bentuk tertulis atau bentuk lisan.
Skorsing Sementara (Provisional Suspension) :
Lihat konsekuensi-konsekuensi di atas.
Ungkapan Secara Terbuka atau Laporan Secara Terbuka :
Menyebarluaskan atau mendistribusikan informasi kepada masyarakat umum atau orang-orang diluar orang-orang yang berhak atas pemberitahuan lebih awal sesuai dengan Pasal 14.
Kelompok Pemeriksaan Terdaftar: Kelompok Olahragawan-Olahragawan papan atas yang didirikan secara terpisah oleh masing-masing
Federasi Internasional dan Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional yang tunduk pada baik Pengujian Di dalam Kompetisi maupun Di luar Kompetisi sebagai bagian dari rencana distribusi pengujian Federasi atau Organisasi Internasional tersebut.
[Keterangan : Masing-masing Federasi Internasional harus secara jelas mendefinisikan kriteria spesifik untuk pencantuman Olahragawan-Olahragawan di dalam Kelompok Pengujian Terdaftarnya.
Sebagai contoh, kriteria bisa berupa penggalan peringkat dunia tertentu, standar waktu tertentu, keanggotaan pada suatu tim nasional, dsb].
Sampel/Spesimen : Materi biologis yang dikumpulkan untuk tujuan pengawasan Doping.
Penandatangan : Badan-badan yang menandatangani Code dan sepakat untuk memenuhi Code, termasuk Komite Olimpiade Internasional, Federasi Internasional, Komite Paralimpik Internasional, Komite Olimpiade Nasional, Komite Paralimpik Nasional, Organisasi Pertandingani Besar, Organisasi Anti-Doping Nasional, dan WADA.
Pengrusakan : Mengubah untuk tujuan yang tidak benar atau dengan cara yang tidak benar; memberikan pengaruh yang tidak benar mengganggu secara tidak benar untuk mengubah hasil atau menghalangi terjadinya prosedur normal.
Pengujian Target : Pemilihan Olahragawan untuk dilakukan Pengujian dimana Olahragawan-Olahragawan atau kelompok Olahragawan tertentu dipilih secara non-acak untuk Pengujian pada saat yang ditentukan.
Olahraga Tim : Suatu olahraga dimana diperbolehkan terjadinya pergantian pemain selama Kompetisi.
Penguijan : Bagian-bagian dari proses Pengawasan Doping yang melibatkan rencana distribusi pengujian, pengumpulan Sampel, penanganan Sampel, dan pengangkutan Sampel ke laboratorium.
Perdagangan :
Menjual, memberikan, menyediakan, mengangkut, mengirim, menyerahkan atau mendistribusikan suatu Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang kepada seorang Olahragawan baik secara langsung atau melalui satu atau lebih pihak ketiga, tetapi tidak termasuk penjualan atau distribusi (oleh tenaga medis atau oleh orang-orang selain dari Tenaga Keolahragaan) suatu Zat Terlarang untuk tujuan Terapeutik yang benar dan sah.
Penggunaan : Penerapan, mencerna, menyuntikkan atau mengkonsumsi dengan cara apapun juga Zat Terlarang atau Metode Terlarang.
WADA : Badan Anti-Doping Dunia (World Anti-Doping Agency).
Terjemahan tidak resmi Code Anti-Doping Dunia STANDAR
INTERNASIONAL UNTUK LABORATORIUM Agustus 2004 PEMBUKAAN Code Doping Dunia Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium merupakan Standar Internasional yang bersifat wajib yang dikembangkan sebagai bagian dari Program Anti-Doping Dunia.
Dasar bagi Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium adalah Bagian terkait yang terdapat dalam Code Anti-Doping Gerakan Olimpiade.
Sekelompok tim ahli, bersama Komite Akreditasi WADA, telah menyiapkan dokumen tersebut dan draftnya telah disirkulasikan untuk peninjauan awal dan komentar dari semua Laboratorium doping IOC terakreditasi dan Sub-Komisi IOC untuk Doping dan Biokimia Olahraga.
Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium Versi 1.0 disirkulasikan kepada Penandatangan, pemerintah, dan laboratorium terakreditasi untuk peninjauan dan komentar pada bulan November 2002. Versi 2.0 didasarkan pada komentar-komentar dan proposal-proposal yang diterima dari stakeholder ini.
Semua Penandatangan, pemerintah dan Laboratorium dikonsultasikan dan telah diberikan kesempatan untuk meninjau dan memberikan komentar terhadap versi 2.0. Draft versi 3.0 ini diberikan untuk mendapatkan persetujuan Komite Eksekutif WADA pada 7 Juni 2004.
Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium akan berlaku efektif pada 1 Januari 2004.
Saat ini, Laboratorium diakreditasi oleh Komite Olimpiade Internasional (International Olympic Committee/IOC).
Sebagai bagian dari transisi program akreditasi IOC yang sekarang ke akreditasi WADA, badan-badan akreditasi akan mensyaratkan Laboratorium yang mereka beri ijin dan pertahankan akreditasinya untuk mematuhi persyaratan-persyaratan Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium dan ISO/IEC 17025 sampai dengan 1 Januari 2004. Bagi Laboratorium yang berpindah dari Akreditasi IOC ke WADA (lihat Poin 4.1.7), audit internal yang dilakukan sebelum 1 Januari 2004 akan dianggap sesuai dengan Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium. Pengawasan ISO atau audit reakreditasi yang berikutnya yang dilaksanakan oleh badan akreditasi nasional pada tahun 2004 harus taat dokumentasi dengan Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium. Laboratorium yang ingin mendapatkan akreditasi awal WADA harus menjalani akreditasi di tempat oleh badan akreditasi nasional mereka yang sesuai dengan standar ini sebelum menerima akreditasi WADA.
Naskah resmi Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium akan disimpan oleh WADA dan akan diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris dan
Perancis. Bila terjadi pertentangan antara versi bahasa Inggris dan Perancis, versi bahasa Inggris-lah yang akan berlaku.
DAFTAR ISI BAGIAN SATU : PENDAHULUAN, KETENTUAN DAN DEFINISI CODE...
4
1.0 Pendahuluan, Ruang lingkup dan Referensi............
4
2.0 Ketentuan Code .....................................
7
3.0 Istilah dan Definisi ...............................
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3.1 Istilah yang didefinisikan dalam Code .........
8
3.2 Istilah yang didefinisikan dalam Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium...............
10 BAGIAN DUA : PERSYARATAN AKREDITASI DAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL LABORATORIUM ................................
12
4.0 Persyaratan untuk mendapatkan akreditasi WADA ......
12
4.1 Akreditasi awal WADA ...............................
12
4.2 Mempertahankan Akreditasi WADA .....................
13
4.3 Persyaratan Khusus untuk Pertandingan Besar ........
15
5.0 Penerapan ISO 17025 untuk Analisis Sampel Pengawasan Doping ..................................
16
5.1 Pendahuluan dan Ruang lingkup .................
16
5.2 Proses Analisis dan Teknis ....................
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5.3 Proses Manajemen Mutu .........................
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5.4 Proses Pendukung ..............................
28
6.0 Proses Akreditasi WADA .............................
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6.1 Pengajuan untuk Akreditasi Laboratorium WADA...
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6.2 Persiapan untuk Akreditasi Laboratorium WADA ..
38
6.3 Mendapatkan Akreditasi WADA ...................
39
6.4 Mempertahankan Akreditasi WADA ................
40
6.5 Persyaratan Akreditasi bagi Fasilitas Satelit untuk Pertandingan Besar ......................
44
7.0 Persyaratan untuk mendukung Temuan Analitik Merugikan dalam Proses Pengadilan ............................
46
7.1 Paket Dokumentasi Laboratorium ................
46 BAGIAN TIGA : LAMPIRAN ..................................
48 LAMPIRAN A - PROGRAM PENGUJIAN PROFICIENCY WADA .........
48
1. Masa Percobaan .....................................
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2. Masa Pemeliharaan/Re-akreditasi ....................
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3. Komposisi Sampel Pengujian Proficiency .............
49
4. Evaluasi Hasil Pengujian Proficiency ...............
50 LAMPIRAN B - KODE ETIK LABORATORIUM .....................
54
1. Kerahasiaan ........................................
54
2. Penelitian .........................................
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3. Pengujian ..........................................
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4. Tindakan yang Merugikan Program Anti-Doping ........
56 LAMPIRAN C - DAFTAR DOKUMEN TEKNIS ......................
57
BAGIAN PERTAMA : PENDAHULUAN, KETENTUAN DAN DEFINISI CODE
1.0 Pendahuluan, Ruang lingkup dan Referensi Tujuan utama dan Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium adalah guna memastikan Laboratorium menghasilkan hasil pengujian dan data pembuktian yang valid dan untuk mendapatkan hasil dan laporan yang seragam dan harmonis dari seluruh Laboratorium Pengawasan doping yang terakreditasi.
Standar Internasional untuk Laboratorium juga memuat persyaratan untuk akreditasi Laboratorium doping oleh WADA, standar operasional untuk kinerja laboratorium yang baik dan deskripsi proses akreditasi.
Standar Internasional untuk laboratorium, termasuk seluruh Lampiran dan Dokumen Teknis yang ada, merupakan persyaratan wajib bagi semua Penandatangan dari Code.
Program Anti-Doping Dunia meliputi seluruh elemen yang diperlukan guna memastikan harmonisasi optimal dan praktek terbaik dalam program-program anti-doping internasional dan nasional. Elemen utama tersebut adalah: Code (level 1).
Standar Internasional (Level 2), Model Praktek terbaik (Level 3).
Dalam pendahuluan Code Anti-Doping Dunia (Code), tujuan dan penerapan Standar Internasional secara ringkas dinyatakan sebagai berikut :
"Standar Internasional untuk area teknis dan operasional yang berbeda dalam program anti-doping akan dikembangkan melalui musyawarah dengan Penandatangan dan pemerintah dan disahkn oleh WADA.
Tujuan dan Standar Internasional adalah harmonisasi di antara Organisasi Anti-Doping yang bertanggung jawab terhadap bagian teknis dan operasional yang spesifik dari program-program anti-doping. Ketaatan terhadap Standar Internasional merupakan persyaratan wajib agar sesuai dengan Code. Standar Internasional dapat direvisi setiap waktu oleh Komite Eksekutif WADA setelah musyawarah yang cukup dengan Penandatangan dan seluruh revisi akan berlaku efektif pada tanggal yang disebutkan dalam Standar Internasional atau hasil revisinya." Kesesuaian dengan Standar Internasional (tidak seperti dengan standar, praktek atau prosedur alternatif) harus memadai agar dapat disimpulkan bahwa prosedur yang tercakup dalam Standar Internasional telah dijalankan secara benar.
Dokumen ini memuat persyaratan bagi Laboratorium Pengawasan Doping yang ingin menunjukkan bahwa menela kompeten secara teknis, menjalankan sistem manajemen mutu yang efektif, dan mampu
menghasilkan hasil pengujian yang valid secara forensik. Pengujian Pengawasan Doping meliputi deteksi, identifikasi, dan dalam beberapa kasus pembuktian tentang adanya zat doping dan Zat Terlarang lainnya dalam kadar lebih besar daripada kadar ambang-batas sehingga dilarang oleh daftar Zat Terlarang dan Metode Terlarang (Daftar Terlarang) di dalam cairan biologis atau jaringan tubuh manusia.
Kerangka akreditasi Laboratoriurn terdiri dari dua elemen utama :